فصلنامه جاده
سال سی و یکم شماره 3 (پیاپی 116، پاییز 1402)

Recently in some countries in the field of rail transportation, it has focused on new and modern techniques such as the use of asphalt pavement in order to improve quality. Use of asphalt concrete for railway bed layers has even been accepted as a standard and suitable solution for high-speed or high-tonnage lines in some countries. Use of asphalt mixture in railway lines is considered as a suitable solution to improve the quality of pavement. The purpose of writing this article and reviewing this system is to improve the rail transport fleet compared to ballast pavement. Compared to the traditional ballast pavement system, the use of asphalt pavement provides increased bearing capacity and greater protection of the infrastructure and reduced maintenance costs. However, due to the fact that the hot asphalt mixture must be produced under a temperature of 160 degrees Celsius, the use of this system can involve significant costs in the construction time, and at the same time, it is accompanied by an increase in pollution and energy consumption, and it should also be environmentally friendly. Necessary reviews should be done and special attention should be paid to the issue of sustainable development. In this way, suitable alternative methods such as the use of hot asphalt mixture, cold asphalt mixture and the use of different types of hot and cold recycling are suggested. Use of asphalt recycling with environmental and technical advantages in different ways in railway pavement layer is emphasized with a focus on sustainable development issues.

jams and, as a result, long queues, increased travel time, increased chances of accidents, and environmental pollution. Several methods, such as ramp metering control, variable speed limit, lane change control, tolls, etc., have been studied and investigated to control highways. One of the approaches to improve the performance of these controls is their simultaneous and coordinated integration and implementation. In this paper, we will investigate the effect of the combination of three concurrent controls of ramp metering, variable speed limit, and highway tolls on the traffic conditions of the highway network. For this purpose, the reinforcement learning method has been used to manage the control values as variables. Traffic data is first predicted by predictive models based on neural networks and then given to the simulation of Sumo software. The controller model then selects the ramp rate, speed limit, and toll values based on the simulation outputs and applies them to the network. The results of implementing the proposed model show the significant impact of the model in improving traffic parameters . The model reduced the average travel time by 11.5% compared to the condition without controls, which is more than the effect of implementing single controls or a double combination of the mentioned methods. In addition, in the event of an accident in the network, the proposed management can significantly improve the network conditions compared to the situation without control.

Considering the high costs of implementation and operation of effective transportation systems, efforts should be made to select and measure selected means to control and monitor drivers' behavior and road safety with precise criteria. In order to take advantage of the mentioned systems, to improve the traffic and increase the safety of the intercity roads of Hamedan province, in this article, based on the Delphi method, the ANP network analysis process, the Dimetal technique, and the TOPSIS method, the use of different systems has been prioritized. Mistakes and inaccuracy in choosing the right system cause a lot of damage in the field of road transportation. In this study, the effectiveness of the system in terms of safety, system implementation cost, and feasibility were evaluated, and these systems were prioritized after careful examination. be. The main goal of this research is to develop a pattern and a model for prioritizing intelligent transportation systems that are effective on safety for use in the transportation axes of Hamedan province. The next ranks are the warning system to the driver and the timely notification system to the road users.

Due to the great importance of creating roads in coastal areas in the economy and connecting highways between eastern and western cities, these soils need to be improved. One of the conventional methods to improve the mechanical properties of soils is the use of stabilizers such as lime and cement. Another method that has been used in recent years is the use of synthetic or natural fibers to strengthen soils. Considering the environmental problems created by conventional stabilizers (cement/lime) and also their economic costs, the use of pozzolan, which has a lower cost, can be a suitable solution as a substitute for these materials. Considering the importance of the topic in the field of improvement, in this research, the effect of two types of pozzolanic additives (zeolite) and rubber fibers on the compressive strength of sand samples stabilized with cement and lime has been investigated using a uniaxial test. The results of the tests show that cement has more effective effects than lime in increasing the compressive strength of the soil. The ratio of compressive strength of cement samples to lime samples is about 650%. Also, lime-stabilized fiber-reinforced samples and cement-stabilized fiber-reinforced samples have an increase in compressive strength by about 50 and 110%, respectively, compared to the case of cement or lime-stabilized samples without fibers. Replacing cement and lime with zeolite does not show a change in compressive strength, which indicates a more appropriate behavior from an economic and environmental point of view.

In this article, using the autoregressive model with non-linear distribution breaks, we investigate the dynamics of the price index of the transportation sector during the years 2010-2019. In order to investigate the shocks of the variables affecting the price index of the transportation sector, at first, using Hodrick-Prescott filter, predicted shocks and unexpected positive and negative shocks have been extracted. The results of the estimation of the model show that both in the short term and in the long term, the positive shocks of the added value of the transportation sector, interest rate, crude oil price and exchange rate have a positive effect and the negative shocks of these variables have a negative effect on the price index of the transportation sector. Also, the Wald test was used to check the asymmetry of the positive and negative shocks of the investigated variables. The results show that the unexpected positive and negative shocks of the investigated variables have asymmetric effects on the price index of the transportation sector. In the following, CUSUM and CUSUM SQ tests were used for the residual sentences of the short-term model to investigate the stability of the estimated parameters in the long-term model. The results of this test show that the coefficients of the variables are stable during the investigated period. In other words, there is no structural break in the model, and the average of residual sentences is zero, and the first classical assumption is maintained.

Recently, with the increase in the production of vehicles on the one hand and the increase in the population of cities and villages on the other hand, sufficient attention to the issue of pedestrians, especially in terms of safety, is very important and noteworthy. In recent years, the rate and growth of pedestrian casualties in major cities of the country compared to developing countries is high. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of pedestrian characteristics and behavior, environmental characteristics and time of pedestrian accidents on the probability of pedestrian injuries and to provide a model to determine the probability of any severe or minor injuries. The independent variables defined in the model are for vehicle accidents with pedestrians on Jomhuri Eslami Boulevard in Qazvin. Therefore, using the data obtained from the provincial forensic medicine organization and the traffic police, which are related to traffic accidents from 1397 to 1399, these factors have been modeled using the logistic regression model. The results show that pedestrian education, time of accident, speed of vehicle and color of pedestrian clothing are the most influential factors in the probability of injury.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between development stations on the way to Tehran with the aim of developing transportation and transportation as a new topic in urban development and economic development goals. This research is applied research of descriptive research and its quantitative data. The statistical population of this study was 158 people, based on Cochran's formula, 112 of them were selected as a sample by simple random method. Standard questionnaires were used to collect which covered the development of transportation and information transfer and economic development. Structural equation modeling and Spearman rank correlation coefficient were used to test the hypotheses. Research studies showed that there is a significant relationship between Tehran railway development stations based on transportation and transmission axis development and development, transportation development, increasing social justice and environmental sustainability. According to Friedman ranking test, among these factors, the reduction of public transportation costs has the highest rank.Based on the research results, it can be said that planning and relocation can be suitable for the development of Tehran railway stations, and its economic development is also supported.

Measuring the dimensions of quality in the bus system of Zanjan is of great importance considering the services provided in this field. This study proposes to measure the quality of public transportation by TCQSM standard. The aim is to evaluate the quality of services and citizens' satisfaction with bus services and the price of bus fares in Zanjan city by TCQSM standard. The method of the present research is practical in terms of purpose and descriptive in nature. The target population in this research is all the passengers and service recipients of the Zanjan city bus service organization, which was conducted on 384 people who referred to Zanjan bus stations in the spring of 1401. The data collection tool was the standard SERVQUAL questionnaire that measured service quality and price. Data were analyzed using TCQSM standard. The results showed that customers are not satisfied with bus services in Zanjan city.

Heavy vehicles are an important part of the country's transportation system, which, due to their physical and functional conditions, have an impact on the safety conditions of roads, especially freeways, which account for about 15% of Iran's road accidents every year. In this research, the Qazvin-Zanjan freeway has been chosen as the axis of study because it is considered a transportation and transit axis and the volume of truck traffic is high, and the required information regarding truck accidents on this freeway, related to the years 2012 to 2014, It has been collected from the General Directorate of Highways and Road Transport of Zanjan province. This research, in two descriptive and inferential parts, examined the frequency of accidents and tested the data through the chi-square test with SPSS statistical software, and it was determined that factors such as clear weather, lack of lighting on the road, and the traffic of 2- and 3-axle trucks in the frequency of accidents in the studied axis They are effective. Considering the necessary measures and suggested amendments in the existing laws, the number of these types of accidents can be reduced in a short period of time.

Weakness of soil in bearing capacity, lack of desirable mechanical properties, swelling properties, etc. These issues and methods required new tricks that were achieved with the evolution of engineering knowledge and the emergence of new technologies in the field of civil engineering. Different methods for soil improvement are selected according to the importance of the project, primary soil type, area of the area to be improved, local access to materials, equipment and specialized personnel, environmental factors, engineers' experiences, economic issues and time allowed to complete the project. To be. It should be noted that knowing the area and studying the types of soils that cause problems is also very necessary and important. In many cases, the soil at the construction site is not suitable for use. In this situation, this problem can be solved with appropriate solutions. One of these solutions is chemical stabilization of soil. Chemical stabilizers stabilize and strengthen soil by creating chemical reactions and altering the structure and bonding between soil particles. In this type of reaction, soil particles completely lose their nature and become a substance with new characteristics. In this article, first, in addition to getting acquainted with the types of problematic soils, the most important methods of soil stabilization and soil formation and various methods of chemical soil stabilization are examined.

Today, with the increase in urbanization and the need to use and travel by private car, the big cities of the country have faced a serious problem of providing the required parking. Therefore, there is still a tendency to build large and possibly multi-storey parking lots in places such as city centers, which are often they are faced with the lack of space needed to stop vehicles, there is more than before. Trips by car They need a parking place at their origin and destination, and if this need is not planned and provided, cars will inevitably stop on unauthorized roads and occupy the road surface for vehicles to pass and harm the safety and flow of traffic as well as the urban environment. Pricing Approach Parking includes user fees and direct charges for using the parking space. Paying attention to affordable parking pricing in the travel demand management process includes countless benefits, including; Increasing financial circulation and user comfort, saving parking costs, reducing traffic problems, and increasing the efficiency of parking lots are discussed in this article.

Part of the success in the implementation of policies depends on the policy implementation capacity, because the capacity is the result of the ability to shape the future. This research has identified the effective factors in improving the capacity of policy implementation and the cause and effect relationship between them. The research communities in this applied research consist of 12 policy experts and experts of the highway organization, who were selected through non-random and purposeful sampling. Data collection tools, interviews and questionnaires, and FMEA and Fuzzy Dimetal techniques were used for data analysis. The reconstruction of the structure of the organization and management in formulating and implementing the policies of the road organization has the most and the index of improving the education and participation system in connection with the road organization has the least effect on other indicators of improving the capacity of implementing these policies. The effort to improve the capacity to implement the policies of the road organization should be accompanied by planning and constructive and sustainable changes in the structure of the organization and management and with efficiency and effectiveness in the reconstruction of the structure of the organization and management in formulating and implementing the policies of the country's road organization. It will strengthen other indicators. The principled and realistic formulation of the organization's policies can provide a basis for improving the capacity of implementing the policies of the highway organization.

Urban beautification is the conscious use in the field of urban furniture, art volumes and environmental graphics in urban spaces that soften and improve the quality of the urban environment; On the other hand, the participation of citizens in beautifying the city thorough fares has created beautiful works in the city and has resulted in more satisfaction from them. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the role of citizen participation in beautification of urban thoroughfares in the 11th district of Tehran, which means descriptive-analytical method and field survey. The study populations in this study are residents of District 11 of Tehran. Using the Cocker method, 207 citizens and 70 city managers were selected and a questionnaire was randomly distributed among them. The results obtained from the non-parametric Chi-Square test show a significant correlation at the level of 1% that the participation of citizens in beautifying urban thoroughfares is at a moderate level. The Whitney Mann test was also used to observe the views of citizens and city managers at the level of citizens' duties. The results at a significance level of 1% show the difference between the views of citizens and city managers.

This study deals with the pathology of cargo and goods road transport management in Isfahan province with emphasis on political and security aspects. The present research is based on a combined (quantitative and qualitative) research method. Several major methods, library studies, interviews and field surveys were used to collect information. The statistical population of the research was made up of managers, transport experts of Isfahan province and the general administration of road and transport of the province. The sampling method was targeted in managers and experts. The data was analyzed using SPSS software. The second phase of the research was conducted using the inductive categorization method. In this section, in addition to the method of content analysis of the interviews, the method of theme analysis and theme analysis was also used. The findings of the research showed that the mismanagement of the transportation sector, the lack of proper road infrastructure, the lack of adequate monitoring of the road transportation system, the lack of proper services and facilities for drivers, the inefficiency of the road transportation system, dissatisfaction And the strike of transportation department personnel, the possibility of creating security and political issues due to the activity of unauthorized companies, the reduction of investment returns, and the unwillingness of the private sector are among the problems of road transportation of cargo and goods in Isfahan province.
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The time factor is very important in the success of a project. Increasing the time in projects can increase the risk of the project and reducing the time will save time and money has it. In oil and gas industry projects, there are deviations from the targets that can be mostly due to non-compliance with the time limits and costs of projects. This study examines library and field research in time management in projects with PC and EPC contracts for gas supply in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Provinces. , Identified, classified, analyzed and determined the importance of risk and prioritization using SPSS program and proved the normality of the obtained data using Kolomokrov-Smirinov normality test. The results show that reducing project time may be more costly in some of them, but it has many benefits and successes for contractors and employers, and it causes the stagnant capital to be spent on creating a quick return project. Some suggestions were made to avoid time delays due to time management in PC and EPC contracts in this research.

The use of recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) has been one of the available solutions in road maintenance due to cost reduction and preservation of natural resources. On the other hand,by using RAP materials, aged binder in the RAP causes improper performance of the asphalt mixture, including reducing the cracking resistance. Nowadays, rejuvenators are used to improve the performance of asphalt mixtures containing RAP. Iran is one of the active countries in rice cultivation, while 70% of rice bran is unused. This study investigated rice bran oil as a rejuvenator in asphalt mixtures containing 20%, 30%, and 40% RAP materials by dynamic creep test, resilient modulus test, and semicircular bending (SCB) test. The results show that using rice bran oil in asphalt mixtures as a rejuvenator causes a decrease in the flow number, resilient modulus, and fracture toughness values by an average of 31%, 27%, and 13%, respectively, also increase in fracture energy values by an average of 24%. The results show that using rice bran oil improves the performance of asphalt mixtures containing RAP by reducing the viscosity of aged binder in RAP. As a result, implying rice bran oil as a rejuvenator in asphalt mixture due to the using rice waste and low cost and environmentally friendly, can be a good way to enhance asphalt pavement performance.

The current study examined the properties of warm mixture asphalt (WMA), which contains nano- and polypropylene polymer (PP) polymers. Unmodified WMA and modified WMA both include 3% PP and NS (2–5%) by weight of asphalt respectively. The tests used to assess performance include the tests for fatigue resistance, rutting resistance, and moisture resistance. The results show that adding Nano-silica and Polypropylene enhances WMA performance. The results also show that adding polypropylene and nano-silica to asphalt as modifiers increases the asphalt's performance and durability.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the degradation of concrete, taking into account sulfate attacks, and to propose an appropriate approach to tackle this phenomenon. The effects of exposure conditions such as solution concentration, temperature, and immersion conditions, type of cement, and water to cement ratio were investigated. Additionally, it has been demonstrated that supplementary cementitious materials and ordinary Portland cement improve the properties of hydrated mortar and reduce external sulfate attack. This study also presents a comprehensive review of the performance improvement of slag and silica fume against sulfate attack. Replacement rates of over 20% slag and 3-20% silica fume have been found to improve resistance to sodium sulfate attack. Increasing the dosage rate improves overall performance for all supplementary cementitious materials except silica fume. In magnesium sulfate, at higher replacement rates, the performance for silica fume is mixed as it has been shown to expand relative to a control. Overall, slag and silica fume can be effective in reducing sulfate attack, but their performance depends on replacement rates, exposure to sulfate cations, and their chemical and physical properties..

This study was carried out to investigate the moderating role of organizational culture on the relationship between lean practices and operational performance in the services sector. In this study, in order to measure The operational culture variable Was used the nine dimensions of culture Globe where is including Future orientation, Humane orientation, In-group collectivism, between-group collectivism, Performance orientation, Uncertainty avoidance, Assertiveness, Power distance, Gender Egalitarianism. The statistical community of The study included 195 managers of Persian Gulf International Transport Company, which then shortened by randomly picking 129 people from them by cocran formula and this would function as The sample volume. Data collected by using questionnaire was conducted. Data analysis was assisted using structural equations modeling and smartPLS2 software. The study results showed that lean practices affect the operational performance, but organizational culture dose not moderate the relationship between these two variables. Nevertheless, by examining the moderating role for individual dimensions of the organizational culture was determined only Future orientation, between-group collectivism, Performance orientation and power distance, are moderated relationship between lean practices and operational performance.

Urban road traffic calming measures, as an effective factor in increasing the level of safety of pedestrians and cyclists, limiting the speed of motor vehicles, and reducing casualties due to accidents. The present article analyzes and interprets Persian-language scientific-research articles in the period 2008-2020 by conducting a systematic review. The results showed that the application of accelerators and speed bumps on urban roads as a cross-sectional physical solution had a significant effect on reducing the speed of vehicles. In this regard, the comparison between the types of accelerators and speed bumps and control of their proper installation location can be evaluated in more detail in future studies. The results also showed that the change in pavement level a non-physical solution to reduce the speed to the allowable range is not very effective and needs to be combined with other solutions to achieve this, which requires new studies in this area. It should be noted that the use of simulation tools to measure the performance of the proposed solutions for combining relaxation tools can also be effective, and can be used by other researchers. Further-more, the results showed that previous studies have paid less attention to the effectiveness and analysis of the performance of relaxation devices such as deviant diagonal islands and traffic.

International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), having published the document 9859 in 2007 and the second edition of mentioned document in 2009, has obliged all member countries to get airport certification for international and semi- international (air border) airports. Iranian Airports Company has attempted to audit mentioned airports to deliver aerodrome certificate. Shiraz International Airport as the first international airport succeeded to get aerodrome certificate in 2011 and in line with obligations has implemented the Safety Management System (SMS) at the airport complex. The importance of the safety management system is that it has a proactive and systematic approach towards the safety. The aim of implementation of safety management system is to provide safe, secure and higher quality services in the air transportation industry. Present study was performed to investigate the impacts of the implementation of safety management system on the quality of airport services at shiraz International Airport using the SERVQUAL model and with a statistical population of 750000 customers of Airport services in two sections of domestic customers and foreign customers in Shiraz International Airport who used Airport services in the last three months of 1397. The method used in this research is descriptive-survey statistical method by using Pearson's transformation correlation coefficient and testing related hypotheses. Based on the results of research, the existence of a positive and significant relationship between implementation of safety management system and the quality of airport services at Shiraz Martyr Ayatollah Dastgheib International Airport was approved.
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Commercial polymers for pavement modification have been around for decades. However, one of the main weaknesses of these polymers is their high cost. Waste plastic polymers can be used as a sustainable and economically efficient additive to improve the properties of asphalt and obtain environmentally friendly and economical compounds. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating and evaluating the effect of using plastic waste, polyethylene terephthalate 1 (PET), in bitumen modification. The percent modified with PET was carried out in two separate steps in the laboratory environment: modified bitumen additive and modified asphalt mixture. To investigate the functional characteristics and viscoelastic behavior of bitumen modified with plastic, the DSR 2 device and the RTFOT 3 test are used. For the functional performance of asphalt mixture modified with plastic, Marshall Strength test, Marshall fluidity, Marshall strength ratio and rutting test have been performed. The results showed that 6-8% of modified plastic is suitable as the optimal amount to improve the stiffness and elasticity of bitumen. In addition, the modified asphalt mixture with 8% plastic showed an increase in flexural strength and had a greater effect with increasing Marshall Strength, increasing Marshall Ratio and reducing rutting.