نشریه روانشناسی خانواده
سال نهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 18، پاییز و زمستان 1401)

Online shopping by families has increased dramatically in recent years, and the COVID-19 pandemic has given rise to this phenomenon. Families play a key role in shaping their consumption behavior and the way they interact and decide at online stores. Using factors affecting individual and family behavior has become one of the important strategies in online business. This study aimed to determine the attitude and behavioral factors associated with color name at online stores in Iranian families. This study was a qualitative study which used an interpretive phenomenological analysis. The study population consisted of Iranian families with the most purchases at online stores. Purposive sampling was performed with maximum variation. A semi-structured interview was used to collect data. Qualitative results of the lived experiences of Iranian families indicated that six themes under study included optimistic self-induction, education and mental awareness, excitability of family consumption, perception of attractiveness, perceived quality, mental and intellectual involvement. Influencing people's behavior in online business and the high effectiveness of using advertising strategies and people's excitement leads to a change in attitude and values and finally causes a change in behavior. Knowing the interaction style and behavioral patterns of families in online shopping can help control the family's consumption behaviors in the learning and socialization process of children.

The Covid-19 pandemic presents the world with many problems in the dimensions of physical, psychological, social, economic, and political health. Therefore, investigating the influential factors on its psychological dimension could help reduce the anxiety caused by the epidemic. This study aimed to predict Corona disease anxiety based on cognitive emotional regulation with the mediating role of family function. From all of the employees and students in the Islamic Azad University, West Tehran branch, 204 persons were selected randomly in the 2020-2021 academic year. Subjects complete Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS), Family Assessment Device (FAD), and Cognitive-Emotion Regulation Questionnaires (CERQ). The results of the present study showed that the direct effects of adaptive strategies of cognitive emotional regulation and maladaptive strategies of cognitive emotional regulation on Corona disease anxiety components (psychological and physical symptoms), as well as negative direct effects of cognitive emotional regulation components on family function were significant (P<0/05). Also, significant and negative relationships existed between family function and Corona disease anxiety components. According to the findings, family function mediated the relationship between the two components of cognitive emotional regulation and Corona disease anxiety components. Thus, the results of the present study, in addition to expanding the research literature, emphasize the role of individual and family characteristics in predicting Corona disease anxiety and highlight the necessity of remarking on these factors to reduce it.

Today, having a university education has become a value and one of the important factors of social mobility, and for this reason, entering the university is an important event; Because it affects employment, income, social relationships, and possibly future spouse choices; Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to provide a causal model of entrance exam performance based on family performance and self-regulation and the mediating role of academic adjustment in students of Khorramabad public universities. In this descriptive correlational study, the statistical population consisted of all first year male and female undergraduate students in the experimental subgroup of October entrance of Khorramabad State Universities (Lorestan University and Medical Sciences) in the academic year 2021-2022. 300 people were selected as a sample by available sampling method. To evaluate the performance of students in the entrance exam, average percentages obtained in the entrance exam courses in 2020-2021, Mc Master (1983) Family performance questionnaire, Bouffard, Boisvert, Vezeau, & Larouche (1995) Self-regulation and Academic adjustment of Anderson, J. R., Guan & Koc (2016) questionnaires were used. The proposed model was evaluated using a path analysis. The results showed that all of the direct paths, except family performance path with entrance exam performance, were significant (p>0.05). Also, the indirect paths of family performance with entrance exam performance with the mediating role of academic adjustment and also the relationship of self-regulation with entrance exam performance with the mediating role of academic adjustment were significant (p=0.05). Based on the results of this study, the proposed model has a good fit and is an important step in identifying the factors affecting students' entrance exam performance.In this descriptive correlational study, the statistical population consisted of all first year male and female undergraduate students in the experimental subgroup of October entrance of Khorramabad State Universities (Lorestan University and Medical Sciences) in the academic year 1401-1400. 300 people were selected as a sample. Also indirect pathways were significant family performance and self-regulation with entrance exam performance with mediating role of academic adjustment and also, self-regulation with entrance exam performance with mediating role of academic adjustment (p=0.05). Based on the results of this study, the proposed model has a good fit and is an important step in identifying the factors affecting students' entrance exam performance.

Shift work in different jobs, especially health care jobs, is associated with various negative consequences such as reduced marital satisfaction. However, there are some aspects such as flexible jobs and spouse support that prevent this decline. Accordingly, the present study aimed to investigate the moderating role of perceived job flexibility and spouse support in the relationship between shift work and marital satisfaction. The research method was correlational. 130 employees of Dr. Gharazi Hospital in Isfahan in the fall of 1400 were selected by convenience sampling method. The research instruments included Spouse Support Scale (SSS), Perceived Job Flexibility Questionnaire (PJFQ) and Enrich Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire (EMS) which were provided online to respond to sample members. Data were analyzed by SPSS 23 software using correlation analysis, and Hayes processor extension in regression analysis. The results of correlation analysis showed that the relationship between marital satisfaction with shift is negative and spouse support and perceived job flexibility is positive and significant (p<0.05). The results also confirmed the moderating role of perceived job flexibility and spouse support in the relationship between shift work and marital satisfaction (p<0.05). According to the results of the study, Job flexibility and support training are recommended for spouses of shift workers to increase marital satisfaction.

The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of schema-based family education programs in emotion management in maladapted adolescents. The present study is applied research regarding the purpose and quasi-experimental regarding the data collection method, with a randomly selected two-group design and pre-test and post-test. The statistical population of this study consisted of adolescents with behavioral problems of Bojnord city. Participants were the students who received the highest scores in the Achenbach system of empirically-based assessment (CBCL) among the students of three schools. They were then randomly divided into two groups of control and experiment, with 15 people in each group. The cohabitation of parents, general health of participating parents, and exclusion criteria, including acute or chronic physical illness or any other medical illness that precluded attendance in meetings, receiving other psychological interventions, undergoing a similar program, and receiving medication. Participants in both groups received CERQ and BERQ questionnaires as pre-test and post-tests to complete before and after the intervention program. The experimental group was trained in schema-based family education for 13 sessions. The control group did not receive any intervention during this period. The results of research on behavioral emotion regulation showed that schema-based family education program was significantly effective at p= 0.01 on the components of “withdrawal” and “seeking social support” and, at p= 0.05, did not affect the components of “seeking distraction,” “actively approaching,” and “ignoring.” Findings also showed a significant effect on the components of cognitive emotion regulation, “adapted strategies,” and “non-adapted strategies” at p= 0.01. Schema-based family education programs can sometimes enhance the components of emotion management in adolescents with behavioral problems and can be effective in prevention and rehabilitation. The results showed that the schema-based family education programs were effective in both components of cognitive emotion regulation and some components of behavioral emotion regulation (withdrawal and actively approaching).

Infertility as a crisis in marital relationships not only causes psychological problems, but can also act as a powerful blow against the relationship between the couple. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of emotion-oriented couple therapy and Gottman couple therapy on sexual function, marital sexual satisfaction and depression in infertile couples. In this quasi-experimental study, 54 infertile couples from Omid Royan Infertility Center in Arak were selected and divided into two intervention groups (36 couples) and a control group (18 couples). In the intervention group, the training content was performed by emotion-focused couple therapy and Gottman couple therapy in ten 60-minute sessions for infertile couples, and two months later, the test was followed up. Data were collected using demographic information form, sexual function questionnaire, marital sexual satisfaction and depression and was analyzed using SPSS software version 23. The results showed that there is a difference between the effectiveness of emotion-oriented couple therapy and Gottman couple therapy on the sexual performance of men in infertile couples (P<0.05). However, there is no difference between the effectiveness of emotion-oriented couple therapy and Gottman couple therapy on women's sexual performance, marital sexual satisfaction of women and men, and depression of infertile couples. (P<0.05). Also, the results showed that both emotion-oriented couple therapy and Gottman methods were effective on sexual performance, marital sexual satisfaction and depression of infertile couples, and the scores of the post-test group and the follow-up period were better than the control group (P<0.05). The implementation of both methods of couple therapy has been effective on sexual function, marital sexual satisfaction and depression of infertile couples. Therefore, it is recommended that these two treatments including emotion-focused couple therapy and Gottman be used to improve sexual functioning, sexual satisfaction and marital depression of infertile couples.

This research aimed to predict marital satisfaction based on love-related attitudes among on-off basis work employees of East Oil and Gas Exploitation Company. This study’s statistical population included all married male Khangiran Sarakhs Oil Company employees and their wives. The convenience sampling method was used to select a sample size of 140 people (85 men and 55 women). According to its purposes and hypotheses, the current study was applied and was of a correlation type. This study used two questionnaires to collect information evaluating the research Afrooz spouse satisfaction (short form) and love-related attitudes questionnaire (LAS). The research data were analyzed by stepwise regression. The findings of this study revealed that marital satisfaction was predictable based on love-related attitudes Eros (0/53), Pragma (0/08), Ludus (0/02), and Storge (0/18) at the level p<0/01 on an on-off basis work employee of East Oil and Gas Exploitation Company. The results also showed that the Mania and Agape types did not predict marital satisfaction. Based on these findings, it was concluded that love-related attitudes were a variable influencing marital satisfaction of on-off basis work employees and their spouses and a predictor of marital satisfaction of the current research sample. Finally, It is suggested to compare and examine marital satisfaction based on love-related attitudes in on-off basis and non-on-off basis work employees in future research

Marital satisfaction has been widely acknowledged as a crucial determinant of marriage stability. One key factor that impacts marital satisfaction is the type of behavioral activation and inhibition system present in an individual. Individual differences in the behavioral brain system play a significant role in how couples respond to interpersonal problems, resulting in distinct behavioral feedback. If utilized correctly, this system can positively impact the quality of a couple's relationship and promote family stability. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between behavioral activation/inhibition systems and marital satisfaction with the mediation of mentalization. The research was conducted using a correlation method, and the statistical population comprised married individuals residing in Tehran in 2021. Of these, a sample size of 370 was selected using a multi-stage cluster sampling method and administered a demographic questionnaire, the Enrich Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire, the Behavioral Activation and Inhibition Scale, and the mentalization Questionnaire. The results of the path analysis indicated that the behavioral inhibition system with the mediation of mentalization is effective in marital satisfaction, and the inhibition system has a negative and meaningful relationship with marital satisfaction and mentalization. On the other hand, mentalization had a direct, positive, and significant impact on marital satisfaction. Additionally, the activation system significantly impacted marital satisfaction with the mediation of mentalization. The activation system had a direct, positive, and significant impact on mentalization, but only a positive and direct relationship between the activation system and marital satisfaction could not be established. These findings suggest that the behavioral activation and inhibition system can predict marital satisfaction directly and indirectly through mentalization. Consequently, it is recommended that experts in the field of family examine these structures to promote marital satisfaction among couples.

Finding effective variables in marriage success has always been the considered by counselors and psychotherapists. Relational ethics refers to trust, justice, loyalty, responsibility and merit in relationships and affects the fairness of relationships. Relational ethics has two vertical (Ethics in the family of origin) and horizontal (Ethics between partners) dimensions. The aim of the present study was to determine relational ethics as a predictor of success and failure of women's marriage. The studied population of the current research was women following divorce procedure and normal women in Ahvaz city. The research sample consisted of 150 women following divorce and 150 normal women whom were selected by available sampling method. The participants completed the relational ethics scale and demographic information questionnaire created by the researcher. In this research, Discriminant analysis was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the linear combination of the components of relational ethics in the family of origin and the components of relational ethics in marital relationships were  strong predictor of the success and failure of women's marriages, and the discriminant analysis method showed that the components of trust and justice, loyalty and entitlement in family of  origin and the components of trust and justice and loyalty in marital relationships discriminahted success and failure of marriage individually. However, the component of entitlement in marital relationships could not discriminate success and failure of marriage individually. Horizontal relational ethics has a stronger predictive power than vertical relational ethics; therefore, it can be concluded that relational ethics has a decisive role in predicting family functions and the durability of marital relations. Therefore, considering the effect of relational ethics, it is suggested that the mentioned variable be taken into consideration in the stability of marriage.

Marital conflicts, the desire to divorce, and broken marital relationships can have negative psychological and social repercussions. The current study evaluated the Olson-Gottman empowerment program's effectiveness in reducing marital conflict and the desire for divorce when implemented in a group setting. The study utilized a semi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up evaluations, including a control group. The population consisted of all couples with marital conflict and a desire for divorce referred to counseling centers in the city of Varamin in 2018. Random sampling was used to select 30 couples, with 15 couples assigned to the experimental group and 15 to the control group. The Marital Conflicts Questionnaire (MCQ) and the Willingness to Divorce Questionnaire. were utilized as research instruments. The Olson-Gottman empowerment program for the experimental group consisted of twelve 90-minute sessions, whereas the control group received no intervention. In addition, the research tools were administered again two months after the intervention to assess the intervention's effects. The data were analyzed using variance analysis with repeated measures. The results indicated that the Olson-Gottman empowerment program significantly decreased marital conflict (P<0/05; F=51.72) and the desire to divorce (P<0/05; F=26.10) and that these effects were maintained during the follow-up phase. These results indicate that the Olson-Gottman empowerment program may be useful in therapy and counseling sessions to reduce marital conflict and the desire to divorce.