فصلنامه جامعه، فرهنگ، رسانه
پیاپی 46 (بهار 1402)

In social media studies, the linkeage between social media and the public sphere is one of the most comprehensive topics. This study focused on the relationship between the dialogue -oriented platform of Clubhouse and the public sphere. The direct observation technique was used to collect data from one of the Iranian rooms in the Clubhouse, “Jedale Dagh” Club, in order to explain this issue. Then, this room’s communicative actions and conversations were studied using thematic analysis. The research indicated that “creating bipolarity and othering, taunting, labeling, prioritizing self-interests over collective interests, and threatening to expose” were among the most important instances of instrumental action. In addition, the following were among the most significant examples of value-rational action: “Open discourse, logical discussion, observing fairness, accepting mistakes, using respectful expressions, turn-taking in the dialogue, and guiding the dialogue.” The research also demonstrated that the rational-critical dialogue of users was characterized by “logical reasoning, presenting evidence, using statistics, and expressing solutions.”

Memory politics in post-revolutionary Iran had been the main element in formation of national identity. Post-revolutionary governments using the politicising of memory invent new discourses and expand it for its own legitimation and transcending the reconciled identities. Yet, these politicisation have been non-functional.The dominant memory cultures in post-revolutionary Iran destroyed the relation between memory and identity and made the remembering of revolution ambiguous.Second generation one of the kinds of post-revolutionary generations using the communicative memory for remembering the past and post-memory generation the ones which indeed connect to the traumatic past through cultural memory have faced politicised memory through the effects of institutional memory.In other occasions, politics of memory have been applied to demonstrate part of the past, causing the formation of situated silences, prescribed forgetfulness(amnesia) or staying in victimhood witch will result in contested identities. Narratives of past in in theses generations manifest the elements involved in formation of contest and the applications on compromisation.Since then the contests in post revolutionary groups and its diversity in formation of silences or protests, ends up in protracrted identity conflict and successes or failure of a nation-states.

In recent years, filtering or refinement has been used as the main action to control cyberspace and crime prevention in Iran. The purpose of crime prevention should not be to violate the fundamental rights of individuals and the legal principles of education. The findings of this paper indicate that filtering excessively violates the legitimate rights and freedoms of citizens, and filtering in the current manner in Iran is clearly in conflict with the fundamental principles of criminal law, such as the principle of legality, the principle of justice, and the principle of equality. The conclusion and the theory of this article is that, firstly, the violation of filtering by citizens of cyberspace cannot be considered as a criminal aspect. Second, restrictions on cyberspace, if contradicted by the fundamental rights of the nation or the constitutional principles, may be regarded under the terms of the abolition of the freedoms of the nation under article 570 of the Penal Code.

Music is a part of human artistic activity and there are types that are used more than any art product today. The purpose of this research is the factors affecting the musical taste of cultural workers. Survey research method and statistical population were 700 middle school teachers in Meshkinshahr. Using Cochran's formula, 240 people were selected as the sample size in a simple random way. Data were collected through Bourdieu's standard cultural capital questionnaire (1401) and Gluck and Stark's religiosity questionnaire (1965). Data were analyzed using Spss software and Chi-square, Pearson, Tawkendall, gamma and multiple regression tests. The findings showed that the gender variable has no effect on the pattern of music consumption (the amount of use and the type of music). The economic base affects the amount of music use, but it does not affect the type of use. Religiosity also affects the amount of music use, but it does not affect the type of music used by teachers. Cultural capital also affects the pattern of music consumption (the amount of use and type of music). As a result, teachers who had a lot of cultural capital used music more than others, and the type of music they used was more elitist (classical and traditional).

One of the characteristics of Iranian society is cultural diversity, thus it is necessary to pay attention to the issue of intercultural communication and try to identify factors affecting it. In fact, In fact, cultural and ethnic diversity is effective in the occurrence of certain behaviors and general people's lifestyles according to background variables such as gender, and Socioeconomic status. Therefore, this study seeks to determine how social interactions based on habit and cultural background in the fields of practice (reference groups), combined with various methods of educating and informing, affect smoking and control it among adolescents. This is descriptive-survey research in terms of survey type and was conducted in 2020. It involved 319 school-going adolescents in Varamin County, Tehran, Iran (aged 16-18 years) who completed a self-administered anonymous questionnaire on the use of tobacco products. After completing the questionnaires, the data were analyzed, using relative frequency, frequency percentage, t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Kendall’s, and Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and the chi-square test. The findings show that contextual factors, dominant culture based on ethnicity, peer groups, and family gatherings all have a direct and significant influence on smoking proclivity. Social networks and peer groups were also more effective than mass media and schools in informing individuals about smoking’s risks.

The spread of advanced technologies and tools, especially in the field of digital media, which provide the possibility of spying on other people's affairs easily, has created concerns about the loss of some legitimate expectations through privacy violations. Privacy is a realm of people's lives that a human being, understanding the norms of the society, does not allow to violate in any situation. This right is the individual's right to control and regulate his personal activities and private and confidential decisions without external interference, observation or aggression, which also includes his confidential and private information. The purpose of this article is to compare the media's civil responsibility for privacy violations in the laws of Iran and England, and for this purpose, it is organized with a descriptive and analytical approach. Findings from the comparative analysis of Iranian and English law show that the theory of fault has been accepted in Iranian law.In Iranian law, despite the protection of some examples of privacy, and the general treatment of it in the principles of the constitution, this issue has not been comprehensively addressed. And the legal protection of privacy is scattered and case-by-case, and these protections are not complete. Certain laws, such as the Press Law and the Electronic Commerce Law, provide privacy protections. Also, the important jurisprudential rule of harmlessness can be considered as the basis of civil responsibility in this field. According to the rule, the privacy of individuals cannot be violated, except as prescribed by the law or with the consent of the individuals themselves. So, if the media causes damage to people, they must compensate. And despite all the merits of the protective approach scattered in various laws of our country, although Islamic sources are the source of the compilation of Iran's laws and are rich from this point of view, the legislature has not made sufficient use of it. One of the most important shortcomings in the protection of privacy effects is the lack of an independent protective law, the lack of identification of some cases of gross privacy violations, such as the unauthorized production of images and non-material violation of spatial privacy.Now, compared to Iran, England's supportive approach is much more favorable in some aspects, especially the privacy of communications, information and data. The records in the legal system of this country show that the court has considered compensation for privacy violations in some cases, but there is no explicit guarantee for the right to privacy in this country, and the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms is still Not applied in English law. The courts have determined punishments in the issued votes by using the rules established for other purposes and some violations of the media. The legislature of this country has focused on following and harmonizing its legal provisions in the field of respecting the private life of individuals with international standards. data, and in this passage, he explained the regulations regarding the cases of legal interception in the field of privacy of communications, and fully anticipated and supported the principles and rights of using data, and also tried to comprehensively explain the cases regarding the interferences caused by It has put the public domain in contact with the privacy domain and has explicitly accepted the rule of invalidation for the reason of illegitimate violation of privacy.The conclusion of the research showed that the approval of the independent protection law, the legal clarification of the concept and standard of cleanliness and the identification of privacy from public privacy, the resolution of ambiguity and regulation of interventions resulting from the confrontation of the public sphere with the private sphere, and the explanation of preventive methods in the face of violent behavior in the field Privacy is very important. Approval and clear legal clarification regarding the demarcation of the exercise of sovereign authority and citizen's rights, especially in the face of international and virtual media and state media regarding the privacy of individuals, according to principles 22-23 and 25 of the Constitution and the dynamic jurisprudence of the Imamiyyah. Under the Civil Rights Law with a view to the Freedom of Information Law. Therefore, sometimes the exercise of sovereign authority can appear to be different from the protection of privacy due to the rights of citizens. According to the principles of the constitution and the text of the Holy Quran and hadith and the jurisprudential nature of the laws, this demarcation can be authorized so that both the domestic and international media, as well as individuals and judicial and security agents, can get a clear picture of the framework by referring to it. have their functions legally. Especially in interactive media where privacy violations can include a range of media - governance and individuals at the same time.

IntroductionSports organizations are entertainment providers, but they also need to consider branding if they want to succeed in the world of competitive sports. From this vantage point, their primary objective is to comprehend their customers and supporters and work to meet their needs and desires (Brunello, 2018). Successful sports teams see themselves as brands, especially in international markets, and the modern world is the setting for the presence of brands that, in addition to controlling their markets, inspire consumers and build value for their shareholders. They contribute to the social sense of commitment and purpose, and by making ideas and innovations known in the international trade sphere, they enhance the reputation of their country and nation (Sajjadi et al., 2013). In the modern world, big teams are competing with domestic teams and teams from other leagues to attract the media. Big teams are also interested in bringing more spectators to the stadium through marketing strategies and as a result, the clubs' revenue will rise (Vahdati et al., 2012).Football as a sport provides a thorough understanding of how various factors, including sports commercial brands (Rajabzadeh et al., 2017). The brand of football teams, in addition to professional sports teams, undoubtedly plays a special role in elevating the status of teams on a national and international level. Major clubs can make significant financial and intellectual gains by managing their brand. One of the barriers to investment and financial support in Iran's sports industry is the lack of recognition and poor credibility of the brand of the country's professional clubs and leagues on a national and international level (Abdollahzadeh and Toli, 2016). Brand credibility is the value and acceptability of the brand in the organization based on three customer-focused dimensions; it should be competent and innovative, reliable and able to attract customers over the long term, attractive and entertaining, and worth the cost to the consumer; in this instance, it has the necessary credibility with the customer. MethodologyThe method is mixed (quantitative and qualitative); in the qualitative section, the Glaser grounded theory was applied. Confirmatory factor analysis was used in conjunction with the structural equation modeling approach in the quantitative section.Professors in the fields of marketing management, sports management, sports marketing specialists, managers and officials of Premier League football clubs, and representatives from league organizations make up the population of the current study's qualitative section. The research's statistics only represent a small portion of the Premier League clubs' customers (fans and spectators) who were chosen through the stratified sampling method. ResultsSelective codingThe process involved merging the various categories that were expressed during the axial coding stage, performing a general analysis, and then developing the conceptual model of the study based on the results of this analysis. The four categories that were extracted during the axial coding stage are listed below under the broad heading "influential factors,". Table (5) measurement model indicators of factors affecting the branding of Premier League clubsIndicatorsNameAbbreviationFinal modelAccepted fitFit indicesGoodness-of-fit indexGFI0.948Greater than 0.90Adjusted goodness-of-fitAGFI0.917Greater than 0.90Absolute fit indicesNormed fit indexNFI0.922Greater than 0.90Comparative fit indexCFI0.954Greater than 0.90Relative Fit IndexRFI0.912Greater than 0.90Incremental Fit IndexIFI0.955Greater than 0.90parsimonious normed fit indexPNFI0.674Greater than 0.50Parsimony fit indicesroot mean square error of approximationRMSEA0.059Less than 0.10discrepancy divided by degree of freedomCMIN/df2.258between 1 and 3 The assumed model compiled by the research data is supported, or put another way, the fit is established and all of the generality evaluation indices of the structural equation model are within their optimal range. The indicators, which are a component of the chi-square to degree of freedom ratio, show how desirable the elements influencing Premier League football clubs' branding are. ConclusionIn order to combat social ills like addiction and social abnormality among young people, branding can be helpful. The findings of this study demonstrated that there are four categories of factors that influence the branding of Premier League clubs, including cultural aspects, fan communication, the club's popularity and credibility, and the effectiveness of the club's public relations. Iranian clubs don't appear to have done particularly well in terms of club cultural activities.It should be noted that in the context of the effect of fan communication on club branding, activities like the existence of fan systems, the issuance of fan cards, and the free participation of fans in club team trainings lead to the feeling of empathy among fans with each other, the club, and the players, and the level of engagement with the club increases. In doing so, it aims to grow and strengthen the club's brand by boosting its popularity and backing. A positive relationship with the public can boost the club brand's popularity, reputation, and acceptance. It can also increase the number of fans. Considering this, it would appear necessary to create robust platforms for fan attraction and mutual communication between club agents and fans in order to brand clubs. A positive relationship with the public can boost the club brand's popularity, reputation, and acceptance. It can also increase the number of fans. Considering this, it would appear necessary to create robust platforms for fan attraction and mutual communication between club agents and fans in order to brand clubs.

IntroductionIn the contemporary era, demands in the field of women with the intellectual developments of the late Qajar era and distinct values that became more and more famous during the constitutionalism and found a concentrated and coherent form. Although this had the intellectual supports governing the constitutional process and had some supporters among intellectuals, especially men, among women, it can be the result of increasing their awareness, their prominent social presence in important events, and also supporting the constitutionalists in various forms. It is in this environment that more women found the courage to write and create literary and cultural works. Especially women's publications and press were among the most important areas of social activity and reflected the evolution of their thought.Alamtaj Qaimmaqami with the surname Jhaleh lived in this era and based on her situations, experiences and encounters with the real world, she wrote magnificent poems. His poems, like other texts written by women of this period, are the result of a progressive approach to women's issues and status. In addition to literary features, these poems are considered as texts full of information about the situation, demands and ideals of the progressive women of Iran, which are very valuable in a time when there is little knowledge of the thoughts and opinions of women. The methodical examination of these materials has made us more aware of the life of women during the time of Alamtaj (1883-1974) and includes important aspects of the condition of women and their common problems.PurposeThe research was conducted with the aim of identifying the status and social position of women at the beginning of the current century and coincides with the modernization of Iran, and it gives reliable findings about the social relations between the two sexes and the gender order.MethodologyThe content analysis was qualitative, which was realized with the help of document analysis and qualitative study of the verses of Diwan Alamtaj Qaim-maqami.At first, the poems of the aforementioned court were read completely and notes were taken, then to create content codes in qualitative analysis, the text was read repeatedly to achieve a complete understanding of the text. After forming the codes and finding the themes in the text and matching them with the concepts, the texts were grouped and classified based on the existing similarities and differences.FindingsInferiority, low social status, lack of independent identity of women, reliance on superstitious forces, forced marriage, divorce, widowhood, social isolation, violence against women, honor killings are some of the mentioned social problems. The poet also reflects the importance of inhumane actors in the lives of socially marginalized women by reflecting on their conversations with objects in the absence of compassionate human relationships, caring, and formal and informal social support. Ālamtāj 's social poetry is one of the rare women realistic texts that introduces us feminine perception and feelings in encountering social problems. Moreover, considering the issue of economic dependence on the husband, the sufferings which lead to weak reasoning power and self-confidence in women, she addressed women to exit strategies like solidarity and attempt to change the situation. Conclusion Objecting to the gender discrimination of women by enumerating the equal human nature of both sexes, paying attention to the lack of independent identity for women in introducing and referring to them, clinging to superstitious forces, magic in the impasse of the structure of social opportunities, forced marriage especially at a young age and hardships and suffering, Humanity of teenage women dissatisfied with this important in the last years of married life, unwanted pregnancy and torment of conscience caused by inconsistency between the opportunities, abilities and responsibilities of being forced to take on the role of mother, divorce, widowhood, self-inflicted social isolation or due to social rejection of the society and the local community. And as a result, the poverty of human supportive relations are all social problems of women in the age of Alamtaj.Addressing these problems and expressing women's feelings is one of the most important features of his poetry. In this way, we get to know the formulation of women's understanding and thoughts and the feelings corresponding to it in women's daily life. These poems are strong proofs of women's dissatisfaction and their non-acceptance of the situation and the claim that issues such as marriage at a young age, polygamy, unwanted pregnancy, violence against women and other such things are obvious, accepted and perhaps trivial for women in the past, have been violated severely. Instead, it reveals the demands of women and their ideals to change the situation and leads us to the historical importance of the issue of gender discrimination.

Cheerfulness plays an important role in the psychological and social life of all members of society, including teachers. Considering the important role and position of teachers in socialization and education of students, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of family social cohesion in the corona period on the social vitality of teachers in Tehran in 2009-2010. The method of the present research is survey and the sample size of 382 teachers based on Cochran's formula and the questionnaire link has been provided to the respondents through cyberspace (WhatsApp, etc.). Cronbach's alpha test was used to determine the reliability of items. SPSS software version 22 was used to test the hypotheses of the two variables and LISREL software was used to examine the structural relationships between research variables. According to the results, social cohesion. The family has a significant and increasing effect on the social vitality of teachers and in the event of injuries caused by social and environmental crises (Corona disease) reduces cohesion and has a great impact on creating peace and spiritual vitality of society and teachers' families and their resilience against Increases the stress. In sensitive cases, family members find themselves in a common situation. They prefer to be more in touch with their family members than to trust social institutions. According to the results it is suggested; Compilation of a document on the fundamental transformation of teachers' social vitality should be a priority in the social and cultural development programs of the country's education.

Since its inception at Birmingham University,, cultural studies has had a tenuous relationship with other disciples. Cultural studies refused to define itself within the limits of academic disciplines. One of those branches of human sciences with whom cultural studies had an “undefined” relationship was history. History along with literature are two of the well-established fields of study in human sciences. The discipline of history has witnessed significant shifts within the last two centuries. Following the Rankean definition of history, a historian was tasked with writing history as it happened. But this definition of history was first dismantled by the interpretative school and then by the Annales school. Following the linguistic turn, a new horizon was opened in the study of history, and narratives were employed to give voice to those whose voices have been suppressed. But it’s this article’s contention that cultural studies, as a radical project, fits into none of these definitions. Cultural studies needs to define history as “historical conjunctures” in order to live up to its pledge as a radical disciple.

A question that challenges the minds of Plato and Rorty. That is, which poet or philosopher has the most influence in intellectual education and practice in the utopia? Platonic utopia based on rational criteria; Medina is a utopia ruled by philosophers, not poets, and Rorty utopia whose allusions are writers and poets, not philosophers. Plato and Rorty speak of a utopia that one does not allow poets and the other does not allow philosophers. The Greek thinker Plato portrays an utopia tied to a negative view of poetry and a positive view of philosophy and philosophies. It is unnecessary. He spoke of the "ancient contradiction" of poetry and philosophy, and took poetry out of the circle of "like" and "no", because poetry and poetry do not confront man with realities worthy of real life, therefore; He drives Homer out of his city to clarify the task of other low-ranking poets. The amazing effect of poetry on human consciousness can not be easily denied, but one should be careful which poetry is effective in educating the human soul and the good of Medina and causes misguidance.For Rorty, the only thing that can be expected from philosophy is to systematically summarize the moral reputation of a society. The postmodern philosopher Rorty and the ancient Greek philosopher Plato have similar and different ways of forming the utopia.

Cultural History and its NeighboursPeter BurkeabstractThis article offers a kind of map of intellectual fields that are more or lessclose to cultural history. It is difficult to separate cultural history fromintellectual, social and political history, from archaeology and from thehistories of such activities as art, literature, language and religion,whether these histories are studied in departments of history or under theumbrella of “visual studies”, “religious studies” or “cultural studies”. Allthese neighbours form an “inner circle”, discussed in relative detail.Beyond it lies a “middle circle” of disciplines that are separate fromcultural history but have made considerable impact on it: anthropology,ethnology, sociology, politics and geography. Still further away, anddiscovered by cultural historians only recently, comes an “outer circle”,comprising psychology, cognitive studies, neuroscience and biology. Theeffect of the outer circle of disciplines on the practice of cultural historyremains uncertain.