نشریه دانش زیستی ایران
سال هجدهم شماره 1 (بهار 1402)

Considering the increasing number of saline lands due to water scarcity, it seems necessary to investigate ways to increase tolerance to salinity stress. Also, in order to overcome the negative effect of salinity stress, the use of calcium ion supplement in the growth environment is very useful and practical to improve the stress factor.

The purpose of this research was to investigate relative water content, electrolyte leakage, amount of mineral elements, antioxidant capacity, phenolic compounds and activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and tyrosine ammonia-lyase enzymes in leaves of triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack) treated with sodium chloride and calcium chloride.

This experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design with 3 replications in controlled greenhouse conditions. One-week-old seedlings were exposed with sodium chloride doses (0, 50, 100 and 150 mmol L-1) and calcium chloride doses (0, 6 and 10 mmol L-1) for 5 weeks and then some physio-morphological and biochemical characteristics including leaf number and surface, relative water content, ion leakage, contents of phenolic compounds (anthocyanin, total phenol, total flavonoid, total flavonol), enzymes activity (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, tyrosine ammonia-lyase, glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase), antioxidant capacity and amount of mineral elements (sodium, potassium, calcium) were measured in leaves.

The results showed that salt stress significantly decreased the number and surface of leaves, relative water content, activity of glutathione reductase enzyme, the amount of potassium and calcium in leaves, but increased ion leakage, the contents of phenolic compounds, activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, tyrosine ammonia-lyase and glutathione S-transferase enzymes, antioxidant capacity and sodium content in leaves. While the addition of calcium to saline environment increased the number and surface area of leaves, relative water content, activity of glutathione reductase enzyme, the amount of potassium and calcium in leaves, but decreased ion leakage, the contents of phenolic compounds, activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, tyrosine ammonia-lyase and glutathione S-transferase enzymes, antioxidant capacity and sodium content in leaves.

Calcium reduced the harmful effects of salinity stress in leaves of triticale plant, so adding calcium to salty soils can be a simple, practical and economic solution to deal with salinity stress and increase soil productivity and a step towards to provide sustainable agriculture.

Heavy metals can have adverse effects on humans due to their toxic nature. One of the most important strategies to adjust the microbiota balance and improve the health status is the use of probiotics as beneficial live microorganisms.The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of probiotic mixture of Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus heloticus on the induced effects of copper sulfate in the lung tissue of male rats.methods and Materials:In this experimental study, 21 male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups of 7: control, receiving copper sulfate and copper sulfate + probiotic mixture. Copper sulfate (200 mg/kg) three days in a row and probiotics (109 CFU/Ml) were gavage to the rats for 35 days. The samples were photographed and studied by hematoxylin-eosin staining and light microscopy.Examining the morphological changes of the lung tissue in the probiotic treatment group showed a reduction in tissue damage compared to the copper sulfate group. According to the findings of this research, probiotics can probably be used as a new strategy in a wide range of medicinal products. The goals of prevention or improvement of treatment methods were used.

Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is a protein that is synthesized by liver cells and binds to sex hormones to regulate their levels and bioavailability. Its binding to testosterone reduces bioavailable testosterone and causes diseases of the male reproductive tract such as infertility, erectile dysfunction and prostate cancer.

In this in Silico study, the potential of several compounds present in Tulang honey against SHBG protein for the treatment of infertility has been investigated.

The six compounds in Tualang honey, Catechin, Ethyl oleate, Fisetin, Hesperetin, Kaempferol and Luteolin were obtained from previous studies and the PubChem pharmaceutical database. The binding energy and type of protein-ligand interactions were investigated by molecular docking of these compounds to SHBG protein. AutoDock Vina version 1.1.2 software was used to perform molecular docking and Discovery Studio v21.1.0.289 software was used to analyze molecular docking results. Then SwissADME and admetSAR 2.0 web servers were used to evaluate the pharmacokinetic properties of these compounds through ADMET predictions.

The binding energy obtained from molecular docking showed that Luteolin with a score of -10 kcal/mol binds to SHBG protein, and has more hydrogen-hydrophobic interactions than other studied compounds as well as compounds that have been worked on in recent papers. Catechin and Fisetin also showed an acceptable result. The study of ADMET and bioavailability radar showed that although these compounds have physicochemical properties for use as drugs, they have the potential to inhibit some cytochromes and toxicity for certain organs and DNA or other genetic material in the body that should be considered in the use of these compounds as drugs.

Using this in silico study, several suitable molecules of natural origin against the SHBG protein were identified, which showed potential for the treatment of male infertility.

Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) is involved in the metabolic activation of a wide variety of potential carcinogens, and functional polymorphisms in the CYP2E1 gene have been investigated in relation to various cancers. We examined the relation of the CYP2E1 96-bp insertion polymorphism to cancer risk and the interaction between this polymorphism and some lifestyle risk factors. This study was conducted on 101 samples of patients suffering from four types of lung, breast, stomach and colorectal cancer and 131 healthy individuals as a control group. After extracting DNA from blood samples, the genotype of CYP2E1 96-bp insertion polymorphism was done by molecular PCR method. We found the frequency of the CYP2E1 96-bp insertion to be 66.3 % (67/101) for non-insertion (i/i), 14.9 % (15/101) for heterozygous insertion (i/I) and 18.8 % (19/101) for homozygous insertion (I/I) among case group. The genotypes with allele I (II/Ii) in the CYP2E1 locus have a significant difference in both patient and healthy groups (p value: 0.011). We also found a positive association between smoking and cancer risk (p value:0/004). In this study, the allelic frequencies in normal group were 0.16.4 for I and 0.85.6 for i allele. To conclude, this work is the first study on the genotype distribution of CYP2E1 96-bp insertion polymorphism in Iranian population. The molecular studies on this enzyme provide basis for further epidemiological investigations in populations where the functional mutations in the genes alter therapeutic response and as susceptibility markers for various clinical conditions as well as lifestyle risk factors for cancer.

Breast cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related death among females. The long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a significant population of non-coding RNAs with well-defined functions in both adjacent normal cells and tumorigenesis. Miss expression of them has been associated with the development of different kinds of cancers.

The aim of this study was to investigate the alterations in 3 lncRNAs and p53 in tissue samples of a group of women with luminal type A breast adenocarcinoma.

In this case-control study, the expression levels of p53 and three lncRNAs were evaluated in association with luminal A breast cancer in 80 ductal carcinoma tumors and adjacent normal breast tissues.Quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure the expression of the mentioned genes. The data were analyzed using t-tests.

The expression levels of IGFBP7-AS1, and RHPN1-AS1, showed a significant increase (P>0.05) while P53 and LINC00861 had a significant decrease in expression level in tumor tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues (P> 0.05). Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve indicated the diagnostic power of LINC00861 in differentiating tumor tissues from adjacent normal tissue with 90% sensitivity and 96% specificity, which can also interact with P53.Based on the area under the curve (AUC) value, expression of Linc00861, p53, RHPN1-AS1, and IGFBP-AS1 genes can help to differentiate patients from healthy individuals with diagnostic power of 0/855, 0/824, 0/778, and 0/659, respectively.

The key roles of the latest genes in the control of cancer-related pathways and the dysregulation of their expression in studied malignancies imply that they can be exploited as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and possible therapeutic targets. Here, the roles of lncRNAs in invasive breast ductal carcinoma type luminal A and their importance in prognosis and patient treatment are discussed.

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is an alternative to chemical pesticides against harmful microorganisms especially soil-borne diseases. Fusarium oxysporum is one of the important pathogenic fungi of tomato wilt that causes serious damage to agricultural products.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the inhibition of the growth of Fusarium oxysporum with bacteria isolated from soil in laboratory conditions.

In order to isolate biological inhibitors, isolates were screened based on the ability to auxin and phosphorus solubilization, siderophore production and fungal growth inhibition. Molecular identification of selected isolates was done by 16SrDNA gene amplification. Investigating the ability of bacteria to control the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum. It was done under greenhouse conditions.In this study, to screen successful bacterial isolates, the inhibition of pathogen growth was evaluated in-vitro.

Moreover,. Among the 80 isolates studied, seven isolates had the ability to produce auxin, ten isolates had the ability to P solubility, six isolates had the ability to produce siderophore, and seven isolates had the ability to inhibition pathogen growth. Among the isolates 56 and 83 had the highest amount of auxin production and the P solubility and the fungal growth inhibition. Multiple alignment of the 16SrDNA sequence of two selected bacteria with other 16SrDNA sequences in the NCBI gene bank showed that isolates 56 and 83 with 98 and 99.9 percent similarity belong to Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus atrophaeus, respectively.

Among the isolates, seven isolates in vitro conditions showed a good ability to inhibit the growth of F. oxysporum. In greenhouse experiments, all 5 isolates as significantly (P<0.05) they controlled the disease, and the most control was related to isolate 56.