نشریه پلاسما و نشانگرهای زیستی
سال شانزدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 63، تابستان 1402)

Parkinson's disease is associated with motor and cognitive disorders, so we investigated the administration of Eclipta prostrata hydroalcoholic extract on learning, memory, motor activity and oxidative stress in Parkinson's model.

50 adult Wistar rats were divided into five groups: control group, parkinsonian group and three groups treated with eucalyptus perstrata extract in three different concentrations of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg. Induction of Parkinson's model was done by injecting 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). One day after the last gavage, motor tests were done. The shuttle box test was used to evaluate learning and avoidance memory. Oxidative stress was evaluated by malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase and thiol content.

7 days after the lesion in the MFB, after the administration of apomorphine, the rats turned 360 degrees in the right direction at a rate of more than 10 revolutions per minute. In the movement tests of the parkinsonian group, maintaining balance in rotarod (p<0.001), catalepsy (p<0.001), muscle stiffness (p<0.001), stride length (p<0.001) and avoidance memory (p<0.001) showed a significant difference to the control group. Also, Eclipta prostrata extract significantly improved all kinds of movement disorders caused by Parkinson's disease, and in doses of 50, 100, and 200, it improved memory in Parkinsonian rats (p<0.001). Also, the extract significantly increased the amount of thiol (p<0.001). and glutathione peroxidase (p<0.001) and decreased MDA in hippocampus and striatum tissue (p<0.001).

In general, we showed that the hydroalcoholic extract of Eclipta prostrata administered in the animal model of Parkinson's has a favorable effect on memory, learning, motor activity and oxidative stress of the brain.

Application of Low-frequency stimulation (LFS), is accompanied with a decrease in hippocampal kindled-seizure induced changes rats and prevents propagation of seizure. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of the endocannabinoids receptors CB2 in the inhibitory effects of LFS on perforant path kindling- arose seizures. Rats Animals were kindled through electrical stimulation of perforant path and recorded responses in the dentate gyrus. Animals included of four groups kindled, Kindled+LFS (KLFS), LFS and control. Semi- rapid kindling procedure was used to induce seizures in animals. In group of KLFS, LFS (0.1 ms pulse duration at 1 Hz, 800 pulses) was applied five min after termination of kindling stimulations. Obtained results showed that LFS application in the LFS-treated group (KLFS) had significantly reduced seizures parameters. However, on basis immunohistochemical findings, no significant change in level of expression CB2 receptors was observed following LFS stimulations in the gyrus dentate of the KLFS group. It is suggested that CB2 receptors may have no role in anticonvulsant effect of the LFS.

Today, breast cancer is one of the most common malignant diseases in women and its incidence is increasing, the aim of the present research was the effect of continuous and intermittent training methods with ginger supplement on the balance of apoptosis and oxidation pathway in heart tissue of breast cancer model rats.

In this experimental research, 56 mice were randomly divided into 8 groups: 1) control, 2) cancer, 3) cancer-saline, 4) cancer-supplement, 5) cancer-periodic, 6) cancer-continuous, 7) cancer-periodic-supplement and 8) cancer-continuous-supplement group were placed. The continuous program of the first week with a speed of 15 m/min for a duration of five minutes on the treadmill, which increased the speed by 1-2 m/min every week and increased the running time by 1-2 minutes. Intermittent training includes six sets of 2.5 minutes, with four minutes of rest between each set.

The results showed that the induction of cancer increased the expression of BAX and MDA in the heart tissue of rats and significantly decreased the expression of BCL-2 and SOD, each of the interventions (continuous exercise, ginger and the combination of continuous and intermittent exercise with ginger supplement) The cardiac expression of BAX and MDA decreased and the expression of BCL-2 and SOD increased significantly.

The results confirm the role of continuous and periodic exercise with ginger supplement in improving the apoptotic and oxidative indices of heart tissue in breast cancer mice, which may have a protective effect on heart tissue.

Cancer remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide and breast (MCF-7) and cervical (Hela) cancers rank among the most prevalent malignancies in women. The search for natural compounds with extended shelf life and reduced side effects has prompted plants for cancer investigations into the potential use of medicinal pretreatment. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of chamomile ethanol extract on the viability of MCF-7 and Hela cancer cell lines using the methyl thiazole tetrazolium test.

The cell lines were exposed to chamomile ethanol extract for 48 hours, to varying concentrations of chamomile the results were analyzed based on the inhibitory concentration (IC50) for cell growth.

The IC50 value was calculated as 1420 μg/ml for the Hela cell line and 1760 μg/ml for MCF-7 cancer cells. Chamomile ethanolic extract decreased cell survival in a dose-dependent manner in both cell lines and the growth inhibition percentage of both cell lines increased with increasing extract concentration. Notably, the findings revealed that MCF-7 cancer cells are more resistant to treatment with chamomile extract than cervical cell lines.

Moreover, the chamomile extract demonstrated a more candidate anticancer effect on Hela cancer than on the MCF-7 cancer cell line.

Catamenial epilepsy is a special form of epilepsy in women whom seizure aggravation is arranged with menstrual cycle that may affect up to 70 % of epileptic women. According to earlier studies, the role of neuropeptide Phoenixin (PNX) in the reproductive system has been observed and its antiepileptic effects have been proven. It also appears that the GABAergic system plays an important role in inhibition of seizures. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the central effects of PNX and muscimol (GABA-A receptor agonist) on Pentylenetetrazol (PNT)-induced seizures during various stages of the estrous cycle among rats.

In this study, 120 adult female rats were randomly divided into five groups, including intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of normal saline, PNX (5 μg), PNX (10 μg), muscimol (0.1 μg)+ PNX (5 μg) and muscimol (0.1 μg)+ PNX (10 μg), in proestrus, estrus, metestrus, and diestrus. After ICV injections, acute epilepsy was induced by intraperitoneal (IP) injection of 80 mg/kg of pentylentetrazole. Initiation time of myoclonic seizures (ITMS) and initiation time of tonic–clonic seizures (ITTS) were monitored and recorded for 30 min.

The results of the present study showed that PNX alone increased both ITMS and ITTS in all phases of estrus (p<0.05). Furthermore, the injection of PNX with muscimol significantly reinforced the effects of the PNX on ITMS and ITTS in all estrus stages (p<0.05).

The results showed that the antiepileptic activity of PNX was probably mediated by GABA-A receptors.

Abdominal adhesions are a common complication after abdominal surgery that can cause intestinal obstructions, pelvic pain, or infertility. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of galbanic acid on preventing the formation of intra-abdominal adhesions after surgery in rats.Material &

40 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of 10: after abdominal surgery and induction of adhesion, in the control group: 1cc of distilled water, in the galbanic acid group (GA5):  galbanic acid with a dose of 5mg/kg, in the galbanic acid group (Ga10): galbanic acid with a dose of 10 mg/kg and in the tween group: 0.5 cc of tween (solvent of galbanic acid) was prescribed intraperitoneally for 10 days. After the end of the course, the rats were anesthetized, and the open abdomen and adhesive bands were observed and graded and analyzed with spss software and chi-square test. A tissue sample was removed from the adhesion site and after staining, it was observed under a microscope.

Galbanic acid in doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg significantly reduced adhesion compared to the control and tween groups. Histopathological studies show the beneficial effect of galbanic acid by reducing collagen fibers and fibrocytes.

Galbanic acid with anti-fibrin, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg can prevent intra-abdominal adhesions in rats.

Anesthesia is very important for assisted reproductive technology to provide minimal adverse effects on the oocyte. Defects in the development of the embryo or abnormality in its growth phenomenon lead to IVF failure in most cases. The number of abnormalities in laboratory rats is RAT.

Propofol, Nestonal, and Fentanyl were used for single and combined anesthesia. The sham group was studied to control injection stress by injecting distilled water and the control group without receiving drugs. In the next step, the fertility conditions of the mice were provided. The effectiveness of the drugs is relatively similar to the selected doses, and after counting, cesarean surgery is performed on each fetus, and after the placenta is carefully separated from the fetus, both are carefully weighed, measured, and recorded.

The difference in the number of births was not observed, but the weight of the placenta and the weight of the fetus were investigated as indicators determining the effect of drugs on the fetus, which can be a symbol of fetal abnormalities. The results showed that the drugs used had no effect on conception and its success rate, but they were effective on fetal growth, and propofol had the least effect on abnormalities, and there was a significant difference in placenta and fetal weight between this group and the other group. The birth weight of mice was based on the type of drug, the highest birth weight was related to the drug Nestonal (TP) and the lowest birth weight was related to the drug Fentanyl (PH). Based on the type of drug, the live birth weight of the mice was the highest weight of the live mice related to Nestonal drug (TP) and the lowest was related to Fentanyl drug (PH).

Examining anesthetic drugs to find the safest and best drug is of great clinical and research importance. The study of chromosomal abnormalities is one of the main programs of future studies for the analysis of fetal abnormalities.

 Investigating the diet of fishes is important in order to investigate the ecological role and understand their position in the food web chains.

In this study, Feeding ecology of Aphanius vladykovi in Choghakhor wetland of Chaharmahal-O-Bakhtiary Province was evaluated seasonally. In this reason, the relative index of gastrointestinal (RLG), condition factor (CF) vacuity index (VI) and food items between male and female, two size classes in the hot and cold seasons were investigated.

Fish diet was primarily composed of crustaceans (Ostracoda, Ampipoda), mollusks (Gastropoda, Bivalvia), aquatic insect larvae (Ephemeroptera, Diptera) and detritus. There was no significant sex and size-related variation in food items. Diet composition was significantly different between hot and cold seasons (p < 0/05). Furthermore, the average of RLG index was 0.885±0.51that indicated the fish was carnivorous.

 In general, in this study, based on the average relative length of the intestine, A. vladykovi is introduced as a carnivorous fish. It is also at an average level in terms of nutrition. The change of season had an effect on the diet of this species, but the studied biological variables such as gender and size were not effective in determining the choice of food items.

Despite the importance of resistance protocol and glutamine on hypertrophy, their effect on myogenic genes expression process is still unknown. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of an intense resistance session with glutamine on Myogenin and Myosin creatine kinase gene expression in male Wistar rats.

30 8-week-old male rats with an approximate weight of 220±20 were prepared and divided into three groups, control, intense resistance training, and intense resistance training with glutamine, in a simple random manner. The training groups participated in a resistance session of climbing the ramp with 4 sets, 5 repetitions, 30 seconds of rest between repetitions and 2 minutes of rest between sets. Glutamine was once a day powder dissolved in 100 cc of distilled water at a dose of 5.5 grams per kilogram of body weight every day for 5 days. The Extensor Digitorum long muscle tissue was sent to the relevant laboratory to study the expression of Myogenin and Myosin creatine kinase genes. The relative fold change method was used to check gene expression data at a significance level of 5%.

The gene expression results showed that myogenin and myosin creatine kinase gene expression levels increased significantly as a result of a high-intensity resistance training session with glutamine compared to the control group, and this value was more pronounced in the resistance training group (p<0.05).

It seems that an intense resistance training session is more effective than glutamine on the increase of myogenic genes.

Addition of natural nutritional compounds including colostrum in the diet can be useful for quail. The aim of this study was evaluation of the effect of colostrum in diet on intestinal microbial flora of Japanese quail.

120 Japanese quails were tested in a completely randomized design using a diet without colostrum, a diet with 2% cow's colostrum and 4% cow's colostrum in 3 treatments and 4 replications and 10 Japanese quails in each replication. After a period of 42 days, two quails were selected from each replicate. Then, a piece of the ileum of each bird was examined to count the population of lactobacillus and coliform.

Quails fed with 4% colostrum had the highest total counts of lactobacillus (p< 0.05) and lowest total counts of coliform bacteria among the experimental groups (p>0.05).  Also, the treatment group fed with 2% colostrum also showed an overall increase and decrease in the population of lactobacilli and coliform bacteria compared to the control group (p>0.05).         

The use of pasteurized cow colostrum in amounts of 2% and 4% in the diet of Japanese quail increases the total count of lactobacilli and reduces the total population of coliform bacteria, which can be used as a new nutrient to improve the intestinal microbial flora in the diet of farmed poultry.

Apart from high blood pressure and coronary artery disease, diabetes can directly affect the structure and function of the heart and lead to a complication called diabetic cardiomyopathy. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of two types of training and the drug atrostatin on expression of PP2Ac and GSK-3β genes in the heart tissue of diabetic model rats.

Methods and Materials: 

64 male rats, which were randomly divided into 8 groups: including 1) control, 2) diabetic, 3) diabetic + persistent, 4) Diabetic + periodic, 5) atherostatin, 6) continuous + atrostatin, 7) periodic + atrostatin and 8) saline. The rats of the exercise groups performed two types of continuous and intermittent exercise 5 days a week for 8 weeks. Atrostatin was injected intraperitoneally daily at a dose of 20 mg per kg body weight.

Induction of diabetes led to a decrease in the expression of the PP2Ac gene and an increase in the expression of the GSK-3β gene in the heart tissue, and continuous exercise and the combination of intermittent and continuous exercise with the drug atrostatin led to an increase in PP2Ac and a decrease in GSK-3β in the heart tissue of diabetic rats compared to the diabetic group.

It is possible that regular exercise in combination with atrostatin can prevent the development of diabetes-induced cardiomyopathy by increasing the PP2Ac gene and decreasing the GSK-3β gene in the heart tissue and has a protective effect on the heart of diabetic rats.

Staphylococcus aureus bacteria causes a wide range of infectious diseases. In this study, the antimicrobial activity of the synthesized copper oxide nanostructure in the presence of Berberis integerrima aqueous extract on the infected surgical wound caused by this bacterium was investigated in mice.

First, copper oxide nanostructures were synthesized in the presence of Berberis integerrima aqueous extract and confirmed by XRD, FT-IR, FE-SEM analyses, and the MIC and MBC levels of the nanostructures used were determined by the dilution method in Mueller Hinton Broth culture medium. Also, after creating a skin wound and inoculating the solution of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria with a concentration of (5 × 105 CFU/ml), the concentration of MBC along with Eucerin ointment was checked on the infected wounds.

In general, copper oxide nanostructure synthesized in the presence of Berberis integerrima aqueous extract has a significant antimicrobial activity to control the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Also, the synthesized copper oxide nanostructure has a favorable antimicrobial and reparative effect on the infected surgical wound caused by this bacterium.

Most of the various drugs that are used to treat various diseases are metabolized in the liver. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of melatonin and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor drug citalopram on liver tissue ultrastructure and liver enzymes in adult female Trichogaster. For this purpose, 120 pieces of Trichogaster with an average weight of 4.23 ± 0.70 g divided into eight groups of 15, which included the control groups, solvent intact, three groups which received citalopram with a dose of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg and three treatment groups receiving melatonin with doses of 10, 50, and 100 mg/kg. A dose of 0.02 ml of the drug was injected intramuscularly between the dorsal fin and the lateral line every other day for 10 times, over a period of 20 days. Then, the fish were euthanized and dissected. The results showed that melatonin and citalopram had a significant effect on the level of all liver enzymes compared to the control groups (P<0.05). The highest levels of ALT, AST and ALP were measured after the injection of 20 mg/kg citalopram (P<0.05). In fish treated with the highest concentration of melatonin and all concentrations of citalopram, dissociation between hepatocytes and expansion of sinusoids occurred. Fat vacuoles were formed in high concentrations of melatonin and citalopram. Therefore, melatonin at a concentration of 100 mg/kg and citalopram at a concentration higher than 5 mg/kg have a negative effect on the ultrastructure of liver tissue and liver enzymes.