نشریه علوم دامی (پژوهش و سازندگی)
پیاپی 139 (تابستان 1402)

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of vitamin E (VtiE) and L-carnitine (L-Car) supplements with purslane powder (PP) in reduced-protein diet to immune response, hematological indices and some serum indices in broiler chickens reared at cold stress . 576 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to six treatments, with six replicates per treatment and 16 birds per replicate. The experimental treatments were as follows: 1) normal-protein diet (negative control; NC), 2) a reduced- protein diet (20 g kg-1 lower protein) as a control diet (C), 3) C + 2 g kg-1 of PP, 4) C + PP diet supplemented with 250 mg kg-1 VitE, 5) C + PP diet supplemented with 150 mg kg-1 of L-Car and, 6) C + PP diet supplemented with 250 mg kg-1 VitE + 150 mg kg-1 L-Car. Results showed that diets supplemented with PP + VtiE and PP + L-Car showed decreased the number of red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit and heterophil to lymphocyte ratio (P<0.05) at 42 days. Antibody titers against Sheep red blood cells and Newcastle disease virus were significantly increased (P<0.05) at 41 and 27 days by VtiE and L-Car, respectively. While triglycerides and cholesterol were significantly reduced by them (P<0.05). It could be concluded that addition of VtiE and L-Car alone in combination with purslane in low protein diets by create beneficial synergistic effects, it can improve immune system and health in broilers reared at cold stress.

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of using beef spleen meal on growth performance and safety of broilers on 120 one-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chicks in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments, 4 replicates, and 6 chicks per replicate. The experimental included different levels of 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8% spleen meals. Feed intake, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio were recorded periodically. At the end of the experiment, two chickens each replicate were slaughtered to determine carcass components. To evaluate the immune response, a Solution of sheep red blood cells (SRBC) was injected intravenously. The amount of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, iron, copper and zinc content of samples were; 95, 77.3, 12.5, 0.038, 1.09, 0.51, 0.36, 0.23, 0.0012 and 0.0078%. The result showed that most performance parameters were significantly affected by the different levels of spleen meal so using spleen meal caused more weight gain than the control group. Diets containing spleen meal had significantly lower feed consumption and feed conversion ratio than the control group (p≤0.001). The use of different levels of spleen meal had no significant effect on the safety parameters measured in this experiment. According to the obtained results, the use of spleen powder in the broiler diet is recommended up to 8% nutritionally and economically.

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of replacing raw or fermented rapeseed meal with soybean meal on production performance and eggshell quality in broiler breeders. Rapeseed meal was fermented for 30 days with Lactobacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger, and 140 broiler breeders (Ross 308) in a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement of 3 × 2, including two types of rapeseed meal (raw and fermented) and three replacement levels with soybean meal (33, 66, and 100%) with a control group (corn-soybean) were performed with 5 replications for 12 weeks (three production stages). Results indicated that pH and glucosinolates values of rapeseed meal decreased significantly after microbial fermentation (P<0.05). Fermented rapeseed meal had no significant effect on body weight, egg weight, egg production percentage, and eggshell quality in comparison with raw rapeseed meal. The effect of replacing meal level on body weight and egg weight was insignificant, but with increasing the level of raw or fermented rapeseed meal in the diet a linear significant decrease was observed in production percentage and eggshell quality (P<0.05). The production percentage was significantly lower in hens fed 100% raw or fermented rapeseed meal compared to the control group (P<0.05). According to the results of this experiment, raw or fermented rapeseed meal at the levels of more than 66% replacement with soybean meal in the diet of broiler breeders negatively affected production performance and eggshell quality.

Effect of the type of material used as litter on litter quality and performance and economic parameters of broilers was investigated using 300 day-old Ross-308 broiler chickens by three types of bedding material [date palm leaf (DPL), rice paddy (RP) and cardboard roll (CR)] based on a randomized complete design with three treatments and five replications. The thickness of DPL and RP and CR litters were 3, 3 cm, and the 0.5 mm, respectively. The results showed that water holding capacity of DPL litter was higher than RP and CR litters (P0.05). The ammonia nitrogen content of DPL litter in 28 day was lower than RP and CR litters (P0.05), and this variable in DPL and RP litters in 43 days was significantly higher than CR litter (P0.05). The daily weight gain of broilers in whole period, final live weight and production index in birds raised on DPL litter were higher than RP and CR litters (P0.05). The feed cost and feed conversion ratio of whole period in the birds raised on DPL litter were lower than RP and CR litters (P0.05). The survivality of the birds raised on DPL and RP litters were higher than CR litter (P0.05. In total, the results showed that DPL litter, by improving of performance and economical parameters, can be used an appropriate alternative as broilers litter for RP and CR litters.

The worldwide population growth leads to an increase in livestock production that along with the challenges caused by climate change and water scarcity highlights the importance of raising resistance livestock such as camels. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of partial and total replacement of dietary alfalfa with camelthorn. Total 18 fattening Sandi growing dromedary camels (9 to 10 months old with an average initial weight of 115±7.7 kg) were randomly assigned to one of three experimental treatments in a completely randomized design, with 6 replicates for each treatment. Experimental diets included: 1- control diet (without camelthorn), 2- diets containing 25% camelthorn, and 3- diets containing 50% camelthorn (dry matter basis). The feed intake was recorded daily and the animals were weighed monthly (on days 0, 30, 60, 90, and 150 of the experiment). The results showed that dry matter intake was increased with increasing camelthorn inclusion in the diet (P ≤ 0.05). Although, the average daily gain was reduced in the diet containing 50% DM camelthorn (P ≤ 0.05), but no significant difference was observed between the treatment containing 25% DM camelthorn and control. Feed cost per kilogram weight gain and profit per kilogram of weight gain tended to increase (P = 0.01) with increasing the inclusion of camelthorn in the diet. Overall, the findings of this study showed that feeding camels with camelthorn up to 50% of dietary DM, not only did not have severe deleterious effects on growth performance, but also reduced the production costs.

The aim of this study was to compare different processing methods on chemical composition, ruminal degradability and in vitro digestibility of soybean seed. For this purpose, three ruminally fistulated bulls were used to measure ruminal degradability of crude protein (CP) and dry matter (DM) by nylon bag technique. Treatments were included: control, gamma irradiated soybean seeds in doses of 20 and 40 kGy, electron beam irradiated soybean seeds in doses of 20 and 40 kGy, microwave irradiated soybean seeds in 15 and 30 minutes, heated soybean seeds for 15 and 30 minutes. The results showed that gamma and electron irradiation with doses of 20 and 40 KGy and also heating for 15 and 30 minutes reduced the rapidly degradable fraction (a) of DM and CP and increased slowly degradable fraction (b) of DM and CP (P <0.05). Gamma and electron irradiation at doses of 20 and 40 KGy and heating for 15 minutes significantly reduced the effective rumen degradability of DM at rumen out flow rates of 2, 5 and 8 %/h to unprocessed treatment. (P<0.05). Gamma irradiation at doses of 20 and 40 kGy reduced the effective rumen degradability of CP at rumen outflow rates of 2 %/h compared to the non-irradiated treatment. Therefore, electron irradiation is recommended for improving nutritional value of soybeans for using in ruminant diets

This experiment was performed to investigate the effect of reduced phosphorus levels on performance, production efficiency index and protein digestibility of Japanese quail fed wheat-based diets supplemented with phytase and xylanase. For this purpose, 704 fourteen-day-old female Japanese quail were randomly divided into eight treatments with four replicates and each replicate containing 22 chicks. Experimental treatments were performed by diets containing two levels of phosphorus (0.30% and 0.14%), two levels of phytase (0 and 0.01%), and two levels of xylanase (0 and 0.05%) in completely randomized design with the factorial arrangement (2×2×2). The results showed that in the whole period of experiment, birds fed diets of 0.3% phosphorus, 0.01 phytase and 0.05 xylanase had a greater weight gain and feed intake (P≤0.05). The treatment had no effect on feed conversion ratio, mortality rate and production index. Birds fed diets containing 0.30% phosphorus with xylanase compare to phytase had highest digestibility of protein (P≤0.05). Finally, it can be concluded that the simultaneous use of phytase and xylanase enzymes in wheat-based diets containing phosphorus at the required level (0.30%) can have favorable effects on the performance, including feed intake, weight gain and protein digestibility in Japanese quails.

This study was conducted to evaluate antibacterial properties of Optocid acidifier against pathogenic bacteria, growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood calcium and phosphorus concentrations, and intestinal histology of broiler chickens. In vitro coundition the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of Optocid against pathogenic bacteria of poultry (Salmonella, Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens) were evaluated. In vivo stage, a total of 100 one-day-old male Ross-308 broiler chicks were allotted to a complete randomized design with 2 treatments, fed non-supplemented diet and fed diet containing 0.1% Optocid with 5 replications and 10 birds each. The results of MIC and MBC revealed that this product was effective against all three pathogenic bacteria. Dietary Optocid supplementation significantly decrease 10d live weight and daily feed intake in 2-10 day of age period. Dietary Optocid supplementation was not affect on growth performance traits in 11-23 day of age. During the finisher (24-42d) and the whole experimental (2-42d) periods the final live body weight, daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio, European production efficiency factor and economic performance improved as diet supplement by Optocid. Dietary Optocid supplementation increase protein digestibility, and intestinal villi height. It is concluded, dietary Optocid supplementation (0.1%) can be effective on growth performance, health and development of the digestive system in broiler chickens.

The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of sweet paste containing AVP-4 on queen egg laying rate, carcass weight, population size, brood rearing, protein and body fat in European honey bees. In this experiment, 20 colonies with the same age and homogenized queen were used. The hives used were of the Langstroth type and the colonies were homogenized in terms of the population of newborns, the population of adult bees, and the amount of food reserves (pollen and honey). The field experiment was carried out in the form of a block design in four treatments, including the first control treatment of sweet dough without Nano-supplement, the second treatment of sweet dough containing 2.5% , the third treatment of sweet dough containing 5% , and the fourth treatment of sweet dough containing 7.5% of Nano-supplement in five replications. The amount of eggs, larvae and pupae was measured every 15 days and the colony population was measured in a frame. It was used to determine crude protein and body fat based on AOAC methods. The obtained results showed that there was no significant difference between the treatments in the entire experimental period by comparing the mean egg laying of the queen, brood rearing, population size and crude protein in the entire experimental period (P>0.05). Comparison of the average amount of fat (ether extract) had a significant difference among the treatments (P<0.05). The use of AVP-4 supplement in feeding honey bees had no significant difference between the treatments .

Colostrum composition as well as colostrum IgG concentration varies among goat breeds. Among all the goat breeds, Murciano Granadina has the lowest level of immunoglobulin. The present experiment was conducted with the aim of investigating the number of times colostrum feeding (4 and 6 servings) in 24 hours on growth performance and safety parameters in Murcianogradina goat kids.The present study was conducted using a completely random statistical design and comparison of means using the T test. The duration of insemination was 24 hours. The number of 20 Murciano Granadina goat kids was studied in two treatments with 10 replications. The first group was fed 4 servings of colostrum and the second group was fed 6 servings of colostrum during 24 hours. The amount of colostrum consumed during the study period was 30% of the birth weight of the goat kids. The first dose of insemination was given to the goat kids immediately after birth and by hand. In general, the findings of this research showed that among all the parameters measured (colostrum compounds, growth performance and blood parameters as well as blood parameters related to immunity) among the two lactating groups studied (4 and 6), No significant differences were observed.The results of this study showed that the number of times and amounts of colostrum feeding in 24 hours after the birth of Murcianogranadina goats had no effect on the average daily weight gain as well as the blood serum immunoglobulin levels of the goat kids