نشریه ارمغان دانش
سال بیست و هشتم شماره 4 (پیاپی 159، مهر و آبان 1402)

Considering the high prevalence of myocardial infarction and the presence of cognitive problems in these patients, it is necessary to carry out effective interventions to improve their cognitive function and mental processes. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of desensitization with eye movements and reprocessing on the cognitive function of patients with myocardial infarction.

The present clinical-trial study was conducted in 2020-2021 on 60 patients with myocardial infarction in medical centers of Yasuj, Iran. Patients were randomly divided into two control and intervention groups. Patients in the intervention group received 6 individual 60-minute EMDR sessions over 2 weeks. Patients in the control group received only routine care. Information was collected using a demographic information questionnaire before the intervention and Fulstein's cognitive function before and after the intervention in two groups. Data analysis was done by SPSS V.21.0 software and descriptive (mean, standard deviation, frequency and percentage) and inferential (multivariate covariance analysis and independent t) statistics.

The majority of patients were male (66.7%) and were in the age range of 51-60 years. After the implementation of EMDR, the average score of the total cognitive function and all its subscales in the intervention group was significantly higher than the control group (p<0.001). After adjusting the post-test scores by removing the pre-test effect, it was revealed that the intervention had a significant effect on strengthening cognitive performance (F=440/48, p<0/001, partial η2 = 0/889).

Considering the positive effect of EMDR therapeutic intervention on the cognitive performance of patients with myocardial infarction in the present study, it is possible to take an effective step by integrating this type of therapeutic intervention in routine care to strengthen the cognitive performance of these patients.

Background &

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder of women of reproductive ages. Some medicinal plants have chemical compounds that can prevent the occurrence or development of PCOS. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of hydroethanolic extract of palm meristem (HEPM) in female rats with polycystic ovary syndrome induced with estradiol valerate.

In the present experimental study conducted in 2022, 42 adult female Wistar rats (180-200 g) were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=7): Control group: (injection of 0.25 ml of normal saline subcutaneously, 0.25 ml of normal saline gavaged, daily). Positive control group: (500 mg/kg HEPM gavaged, daily). Estradiol valerate group: (single subcutaneous injection of estradiol valerate, 2 mg/kg in a volume of 0.25 ml of olive oil). Sham group: (single subcutaneous injection 0.25 ml of olive oil). Treatment group 1 (Estradiol valerate 2 mg/kg in a volume of 0.25 ml of olive oil + HEPM 250 mg/kg gavaged, daily). Treatment group 2 (Estradiol valerate 2 mg/kg in a volume of 0.25 ml of olive oil + HEPM 500 mg/kg gavaged, daily). The experiments lasted for 50 days. After the end of the experiments, the animals were anesthetized with ketamine hydrochloride (50 mg/kg body weight) and then a blood sample of 5 ml was taken from the inferior vena cava and the ovaries were removed. Blood samples were separated after centrifugation and sent to the laboratory for biochemical and hormonal tests. Collected data were analyzed using Kolmogrof-Smironov statistical tests, one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test.

The results indicated that estradiol valerate caused PCOS in rats. The serum level of testosterone hormone in the rats of the estradiol valerate group increased significantly compared to the control group (p<0.001). The serum level of estradiol and progesterone hormones in rats of the estradiol valerate group had a significant decrease compared to the control group (p<0.001). In treatment groups 1 and 2, there was a significant decrease in testosterone and a significant increase in the serum level of estradiol and progesterone (p<0.001).

The results of the present study indicated that hydroethanolic extract of palm meristem due to compounds such as Phytoestrogens, flavonoids and other antioxidant substances are able to protect the ovarian tissue against the occurrence of polycystic ovary syndrome against estradiol valerate.

Oak placenta(Jaft) extract has potent antioxidant, anti-proliferative, anti-cancer activity, and other therapeutic properties. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Jaft extract and its combination with Cisplatin on gastric cancer adenocarcinoma cell line (AGS).

In the present experimental study conducted at Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz in 2022, the AGS cell line was cultured in 1640-RPMI medium and treated with Jaft extract and cisplatin. Cell viability and combination index(CI) were measured using the MTT assay and Compucyn software(respectively). Moreover, the expression of the CDK2 gene as an important gene involved in the cell cycle was evaluated by Real-Time PCR. The collected data were analyzed using Graph Pad Prism 6 software and one-way ANOVA.

The findings of the present study indicated that Jaft extract and cisplatin cause decreased cell viability of AGS (p< 0.0001). The analysis of compusyn data indicated that these two substances together have synergistic properties (CI<1), in addition to simultaneous usage of Jaft extract increases the cytotoxicity of cisplatin drug. In the simultaneous treatment, it was observed that the expression of CDK2 decreased and led to an increase in the anticancer effect of cisplatin (p<0.001).

The present study revealed that placenta extract had anti-proliferative and anti-cancer properties. According to the synergistic effects of these two drugs, Jaft can change the gene expression of CDK2 in the cell cycle and introduce a possible approach for the treatment of gastric cancer with more potency and less dose of administered cisplatin to induce toxicity. The results of the present study indicated that Jaft extract is a proper selection to sensitize cancer cells to cisplatin.

One of the most important factors that affects the effective functioning of a family is the satisfaction of family members, especially couples, considering that the family is a main and important institution, maintaining its foundations is very important in the psychological and behavioral health of couples. As a result, one of the ways to prevent marital problems is to acquire social skills. For that reason, the purpose of this sociological determination and explanation was to reduce the social harms of Yasuj couples based on acquiring social skills.

The method of research was survey descriptive correlation and the statistical society were all married spouses of Yasuj, Iran, from 2011 to 2016 who were 24792 in the year 2021; among them 599 couples were chosen and studied in random quota method through Sample Power software. The theoretical framework was codified through the ecological, social disorganization, felonious subculture, labeling, Agnew’s Sociological- psychological pressure, and social control theories for social damages, and also the theories of Parsons, William Good, social learning and relational dialectics for social skills. The measurement instruments were researcher-made questionnaire; to evaluate its validity, the content validity was applied and the reliability of questionnaire was gained through Cronbach's alpha which was over 0.7 and approved for all variables. The gathered data was analyzed through Pearson Correlation Coefficient, Multiple Regression tests and Path Analysis.

The results of Pearson's correlation coefficient indicated the existence of an inverse relationship between social skills and its components with social injuries. The results of multiple regression and path analysis correspondingly indicated: the skill of empathy and cooperation with effect (-0.551), coping skill with effect (-0.415), the skill of observing social values with effect          (-0.399), self-management skills with the effect(-0.222) and communication skills with friends with the effect (-0.048) in total reduce the social harms of the couples of Yasuj, Iran, the skills of empathy and cooperation as well as the skills of coping They have the most effect. However, the effect of all the studied factors explained the reduction of social harms of couples in Yasuj by 64%.

As a result, in order to reduce the social damage of couples in the family, acquiring social skills in the form of empathy and cooperation skills and the ability to communicate with friends and acquaintances along with social values in the framework of the society along with coping and self-management skills can be successful.

Adherence to drug treatment in patients with coronary artery disease is very important because of the need for long-term use of drugs and the consequences of non-adherence. Several factors may play a role in drug adherence. In this study, the effect of drug therapy-related beliefs on adherence to drug therapy in patients with coronary artery disease was investigated.

The present cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021 in Hamedan, Iran. Two-hundred and fifty-six patients with coronary artery disease hospitalized and referred to the specialized heart clinic of Hamedan City Heart Hospital were selected by the available sampling method. The level of medication adherence was assessed with Moriski's medication adherence questionnaire and medication belief was assessed with the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire (BMQ). In addition, demographic information, risk factors, and drug history were extracted from patients' records. The collected data were analyzed using Chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis, and Spearman's correlation coefficient.

The medication adherence rates of good, moderate, and poor were 35.2%, 31.6%, and 28.1%, respectively. In patients with poor, moderate, and good adherence to drug treatment, respectively, the mean score of belief in the need for drug treatment was 19.3±2.34, 19.3±2.25, and 18.3±10.7 (P=0.005). Worry about drug treatment 17.3±2.84, 16.3±2.58 and 15.2±77.32 (P=0.001), belief in drug prescription 14.2±26.7, 2.16±2. 13.13 and 11.2±83.6 (P = 0.001), belief in treatment harms 13.3±10.5, 10.67 and 9.2±57.7 (P = 0.001) and score Overall belief in drug treatment was 64.8±47.9, 59.9±18.67 and 55.7±28.45 (P=0.001).

More than half of the patients had appropriate drug treatment, though, the belief of the harm of drug treatment and the fear of drug side effects, and coronary artery disease drugs were related to the reduction of drug treatment compliance.

Diabetes is associated with cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. Although the favorable role of physical activity and antioxidants in people's health has been reported, the simultaneous effect of HIIT and crocetin on angiogenesis in heart tissue is not well known. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of intermittent aerobic training with the consumption of crocetin extract on some indicators of angiogenesis in the heart tissue of prediabetic and diabetic aged rats.

the present experimental study was conducted in 2022. Forty-five elderly male mice with diabetes aged 14-16 weeks and weighing 30-35 grams were divided into groups; Pre-diabetic, pre-diabetic+aerobic exercise, pre-diabetic+crocetin, pre-diabetic + aerobic + crocetin, diabetic, diabetic + aerobic exercise, diabetic + crocetin and diabetic + aerobic + crocetin. In order to investigate the effect of modeling on the variables, 5 rats were included in the healthy control group. HIIT aerobic exercise was performed for eight weeks, five sessions per training week, and a dose of 40 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) was injected. And the mice received crocetin at the rate of 30 mg/kg per day by intraperitoneal injection. The expression level of FGF and No genes was measured by Real time RT-PCR technique. The collected data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test.

The expression values of FGF-2 in the pre-diabetes group + aerobic exercise + crocetin supplement and the diabetes group + aerobic exercise + crocetin supplement were significantly higher than other groups (P≥0.05); NO gene expression values in the pre-diabetes group + aerobic exercise + crocetin supplement and diabetes group + aerobic exercise + crocetin supplement were significantly lower than other groups (P≥0.05). The insulin and glucose levels in the pre-diabetes group + aerobic exercise + crocetin supplement and the diabetes group + aerobic exercise + crocetin supplement were significantly lower than other groups (P≥0.05).

It seemed that interval aerobics and crocetin were effective both alone and synergistically in improving angiogenesis in heart tissue with pre-diabetes and diabetes. Therefore, the use of periodic aerobics and crocetin is recommended in pre-diabetes and senile diabetes.

During the outbreak of emerging infections such as the new coronavirus disease, pregnant women and their fetuses are more vulnerable than other populations. On the other hand, there are also researches and findings about the possible consequences of this disease during pregnancy in pregnant women, so the purpose of the study was to determine and investigate more knowledge of the maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women diagnosed with covid-19 in Shahid Jalil and Imam Sajjad (AS) hospitals. .

In the present descriptive-cross-sectional study, the research population included all pregnant women admitted to Shahid Jalil and Imam Sajjad hospitals to give birth (227 non-infected pregnant women and 109 pregnant women infected with Covid-19) from April 2019 to July 2019. Demographic information, pregnancy, covid-19 disease, childbirth and postpartum were collected using a questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using chi-score, t-test, and independent t-tests.

The average age in the two studied groups was 30 years. 18.3% of infected women were in the 22nd week of pregnancy, and in the group of non-infected women, 20.7% were between 38 and 39 weeks and 17.2% were between 39 and 40 weeks of pregnancy. 26% of women with covid and 35% of non-infected women experienced their second pregnancy. Both groups had a history of abortion, stillbirth and multiple births. Blood group O+ and A+ were the most common blood groups in pregnant women with covid-19. The average Apgar score in pregnant women with covid was lower than that of non-infected pregnant women. 51.5% of women with covid gave birth by c-section. Premature delivery, respiratory diseases, pre-eclampsia and premature delivery were among the most common complications of covid in pregnant women with covid-19.

It seems that the infection of pregnant women with covid-19 can increase the severity of the disease and its complications and endanger the health of the mother and the fetus. To reduce the severity of the disease, pregnant women should be aware of the potential risks of the disease. Moreover, careful prenatal care, health protocols training, careful monitoring of mother and fetus during and after delivery are necessary to reduce maternal and neonatal complications.

Concept map is one of the effective methods in the evolution of medical education, which leads to the development of problem-solving learning, group skills and creativity, and is one of the important components of creativity in people with divergent thinking. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine and investigate the effect of drawing and implementing a map. It was a concept of group method with computer on divergent thinking of nursing students.

The present study was experimental in the form of pre-intervention and post-intervention with a control group conducted in 2017. One hundred and two participants from third to sixth semester nursing students participated in the present study. Using the random allocation method, 51 participants were assigned to the intervention group and 51 people to the comparison group. The intervention plan of drawing and presenting a concept map for adult/elderly nursing lessons 1, 2 and 3 based on the announced content of the approved title of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education was carried out in a group method using Mind Mapper software during 7 sessions of 90 minutes. Peter Hani's questionnaire was used to measure students' divergent thinking.

The mean and standard deviation of divergent thinking scores of students in the intervention group were before (5.68±1.22), after (8.23±1.35) and one month (8.70±1.18) after the intervention. The mean and standard deviation of students' divergent thinking scores in the control group were before (3.41±0.66), after (3.41±0.66) and one month (3.33±0.62) after the intervention. There was a significance between the intervention and control groups in terms of divergent thinking (p<0.001).

The average of divergent thinking score of the students in the intervention group was significantly higher than the control group, which shows the positive effect of drawing and implementing a concept map in a group method with the computer, so it is suggested to use this student-centered method in the teaching and learning process in higher education program.
Key words: concept map, computer, convergent thinking, nursing

The Covid-19 pandemic has presented the world with a wide array of economic, social, political, and health problems. Therefore, providing people with correct and timely information can significantly help disease management and reduce death cases. The present study aimed to assess the epidemiology of Covid-19 in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province. 

The current study descriptive study of the epidemic trend was carried out in 2022. The data was collected by reviewing the valid information collected in the academic headquarters of the control of Kogilouye and Boyer Ahmad province, Iran, and the systems related to this disease in the period of 33 months after the first confirmed case of the disease was identified in the province. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics including mean and frequency percentage.

With the removal of travel restrictions, there was an increase in disease cases in the province. The incidence rate and percentage of positive Covid-19 cases in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province were much higher than the national average. The highest percentage of positive rate in the samples was associated to the month of November 2019 with 56.59% nonetheless the percentage of case fatality rate caused by the disease in the province is lower than the national average (.86 against 1.91 percent). The percentage of Covid-19 related deaths in the province was lower than the national average. At the same time, with an increase in vaccination coverage and the percentage of infection in the province, a decrease in cases of infection, hospitalization, and Covid-19-related death were observed. The comparison of the first and last peaks of the disease in the province demonstrates the marked effect of vaccination.

Encouraging and persuading the community about the importance of vaccination, especially the third round and also the injection of the fourth dose of the Covid-19 vaccination, with the priority of health system personnel and people with underlying diseases, using the capacity of other institutions and organizations, especially the radio and television of the provincial capital is the safest and most optimal means of protection against infection, hospitalization and death caused by Covid-19.

Personality traits are effective in human decision-making, and researchers try to investigate the role of personality in people's choices, and deciding when to get pregnant in women is one of these choices. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine and investigate the relationship between personality types and the age of first pregnancy in women referred to hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences.

The present descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018 on 210 eligible mothers in three hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. The sampling method was available sampling from all three centers with appropriate allocation. In the present study, the personality questionnaire and the personal information questionnaire were completed by the mothers. Collected data were analyzed using Spearman's statistical test.

The highest score related to the personality trait of conscientiousness with an average score of 39.68±6.09 and the highest frequency was correspondingly related to the personality trait of conscientiousness (48.1%). The results indicated that the correlation value of the two variables extraversion and the age of the first pregnancy is significant with a correlation of 0.17 with a significance level of 0.014 and openness to experience and the age of the first pregnancy with a correlation of 0.25 with a significance level of 0.049, which are less than the assumed error in the research, 0.05.

The results of this research indicated that in consort with various factors that can delay childbearing and increase the age of first pregnancy in mothers, some personality traits of mothers were similarly influential. Therefore, identifying personality traits and training mothers can be effective.