مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی جیرفت
سال دهم شماره 2 (تابستان 1402)

Hospitals are one of the most common organizations that are affected by the risk of transmission of various infections and occupational injury. As people who are in charge of taking care of patients, operating room staff are among the high-risk groups in terms of contracting blood-borne diseases. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of participating in blood-borne infections training courses on the level of occupational exposure and knowledge of operating room personnel in hospitals.

The current research was conducted on 198 operating room personnel in a cross-sectional manner in 2017. To collect data, a questionnaire was used to measure the level of awareness, attitude and performance of employees in the workplace. The questionnaire was given to the participants by available sampling method. after collecting it, it was analyzed in SPSS version 24 software.

The mean and standard deviation of the knowledge score was 6.63±1.38 out of 10, which indicated the unfavorable knowledge of the personnel. In addition, 129 people (65.2%) of the participants had a history of occupational exposure to blood-borne infections.

In this study, most of the people had received the relevant trainings, but the knowledge of the people was not at an optimal level and the level of exposure among the personnel was also reported to be high. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the occupational exposure system and ultimately reduce the risk of transmission of blood-borne infections with more effective training and regular monitoring.

Today, due to unhealthy lifestyle, we are facing an increase in non-communicable diseases, including cancers. The aim of this study was to determine the age-standardized and crud incidence rate of 5 common cancers in Jiroft University of Medical Sciences.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on all diagnosed cases of cancer in the cities covered by Jiroft University of Medical Sciences in 2017. After eliminating duplicates, the crude and standardized age of 5 common cancers was calculated. SPSS software version 22 was used for data analysis.

In this study, 601 cancer patients in 2017 with a mean age of 55.53 ± 21.82 years were studied. Of these, 347 (57%) cases included cancers in males. The highest incidence of cancer was in the age group of 64-60 with a frequency of 76 (12.6%). The crude incidence and standardized age incidence of total cancers in the university-covered population were 88.21 and 110.89 per 100,000, respectively, and the most common cancers in the total population included breast, skin, lung, liver, brain and nervous system.

Decreasing the age of cancer in population of study and high incidence in men as well as the difference of 5 common cancers in each region indicate that the risk factors are different in different regions. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct qualitative research, correct implementation of screening programs and early diagnosis and education of all groups in the community to identify risk factors and adjust and control them.

knee osteoarthritis is one of the most important causes of pain and disability in society. The aim of this study was to investigate the level of pain and the quality of life in patients with knee osteoarthritis treated with Nigella Sativa capsules and drug therapy.

This case-control study was conducted on patients who referred to the Baqiyatallah clinic with complaints of knee osteoarthritis in 2022. A total of 120 patients were randomly divided into two groups, namely, standard treatment (physiotherapy, exercise to strengthen muscles and nutritional recommendations), and the group receiving Nigella Sativa capsules (650 mg, orally and twice a day). Then 36-item Quality of Life Questionnaire, Functional Questionnaire, Western Ontario and Mcmaster Universities Index (WOMAC), and Visual Pain Scale (VAS) were completed for patients in both case and control groups. All the collected data were entered into SPSS software and analyzed using Chi Squared and Student's t-test. In all analyses, the significance limit of the results was p value=0.05.

No significant difference was found between the quality of life score of the patients in the case and control groups (p>0.05). However, a significant difference was observed in the visual pain intensity score between the case and control groups (p<0.05). In the sub-scales of the WOMAC questionnaire, there was also a significant difference between the pain score and joint stiffness in the case and control groups (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the physical activity scores of the two groups (p>0.05).

The result of our study showed that Nigella Sativa capsules reduces pain, improves dry joints, and reduces visual pain, however it did not have any significant effect on the quality of life.

The role of nutrition and eating disorders in physical health, and body image in mental health is very important. Therefore, the purpose of this research was investigating the relationship between nutritional knowledge and eating disorders with body image in athletic and non-athletic students of the Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz.

This study was applied research and employed a descriptive-correlation design, which was carried out in Ahvaz city in 2022. Data collection tool included two questionnaires namely eating disorders and body image designed by Stick et al. and Parmenter and Wardell's nutritional knowledge questionnaire. The athlete community was around 300 people and the number of non-athlete community was around 18000 people. According to Morgan's table, 377 non-athlete students and 169 athletes were selected randomly and by available sampling, respectively. The tests used in this research were Spearman's correlation coefficient and May-Whitney's test, which were performed through SPSS 22 software.

The results showed that there was a negative and significant relationship between nutritional knowledge and body image in athletic and non-athletic students, and there was a positive and significant relationship between eating disorders and body image (p<0.05).

The result showed that exercise can be effective in eating disorders and nutritional knowledge. Therefore, by improving sports facilities or motivating students to engage in sports activities, it would be possible to provide the basis for improving students’ nutritional knowledge as well as eating disorders.

Divorce, as one of the most important social phenomena, has many psychological  complications, among which is depression. Continuity of depression can affect a person's quality of life. Hence, it is necessary to adjust and treat these complications through various psychotherapies. As such, the aim of this research was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and interviewing on divorced women’s depression.

The current study used a semi-experimental pre-test and post-test design. The statistical population consisted of 260 divorced women aged between 20 to 50. Sixty of the aforementioned women were selected based on the inclusion criteria and then randomly assigned to three groups of cognitive-behavioral therapy, motivational interview therapy, and control group. The instrument for data collection was Reyes and Patterson's Anxiety Sensitivity Questionnaire. For the experimental groups, 12 treatment sessions of 75 minutes were held. Before the interventions and at the end of the study, people in all groups filled out the depression questionnaire. Data were entered into the SPSS software version 25 and then were analyzed.

There was a significant difference between the three groups of cognitive-behavioral therapy, motivational interview, and the control group in the comparison of the mean score of depression variables (p<0.05). Also, there was a significant difference in the post-test stage (p<0.05) in the one-by-one comparison of the cognitive-behavioral therapy and motivational interview therapy groups with the control group.

The findings indicate that cognitive-behavioral therapy and motivational interviewing are effective in reducing depression in divorced women. It is suggested to use this method along with other psychological and pharmaceutical interventions in order to reduce depression in divorced women as a clinical intervention.

Self-medication in children has turned into an important problem for the health of Iranian society. Because children are more sensitive to the harmful effects of drugs due to their immature physiology. This study was conducted in order to investigate the self-medication status of mothers regarding the diseases of children under five years old in the villages of Ardakan.

This descriptive-cross-sectional study was conducted on 350 mothers with children under five years old in the villages of Ardakan in 2019. Sampling was done by census. The data was collected by a standard five-part self- medication questionnaire. The data was analyzed with spss24and using descriptive statistics and chi-square.

The results showed that 57.82% of the mothers had arbitrarily given medicine to their children. The most important causes of self-inflicted drug use were not having a means of commuting to the city with 92.38%, the road not being open for commuting to the city all year round with 27.89%. Also, cold medicines with 96.88% and antipyretics with 93.77% were the most used medicines. A significant relationship was observed between the status of health insurance coverage and self- medication.

Considering that about 80% of mothers self- medicate and the reasons for many of them are the lack of transportation facilities to medical centers,the improvement and development of routes and roads as well as the fair distribution of doctors and medical services in rural communities seem necessary.

Cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training with modern educational tools is very important to save the lives of people who need CPR in the adolescent age group. This study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effect of CPR training by face-to-face and electronic methods on the skills of secondary school students.

The statistical population included all nursing students of Tabas School of Nursing in 2018.  Sixty-two samples were selected by simple random sampling method and were assigned to  two groups of electronic education (31 people) and face-to-face education (31 people). The data collection tool was a questionnaire which included a demographic section and a checklist of CPR and Automated external defibrillator (AED) skills related to CPR. Then, both groups completed the questionnaires before, one week after, and two months after the intervention. Data analysis was done using SPSS software and independent t-test was used after ensuring normality. A significance level of P> 0.05 was considered.

The average score of CPR skill before the intervention and one week after the intervention in both electronic and face-to-face training groups had no statistically significant difference (P=0.412). In both electronic and face-to-face training methods, the average CPR skill score increased significantly before and two months after the intervention, and the average score of the face-to-face training group was higher (P=0.05).

Considering the higher mean intervention scores in both electronic and face-to-face education methods, it seems that the educational intervention after two months has improved the level of students' knowledge and skills in the field of CPR.

Exercise is one of the recommended factors to reduce mortality from all types of cancer, especially brain cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in the expression of Paxillin and PTK2 genes in the brain tissue of rats with glioblastoma multiforme after aerobic exercise training.

Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into three groups (n=8): Healthy control, brain tumor, and tumor + aerobic training (AT). Glioblastoma was injected into frontal cortex of rats' brain. The exercise group performed aerobic exercises on the treadmill for four weeks and three days per week at a speed of 18 meters per minute for 25 to 40 minutes. At the end, the rats were sacrificed and Paxillin and PTK2 genes of their brain tissue were analyzed by Real-time PCR method. Histological images with H&E method were also used to confirm the tumor.

The tumor group showed increased necrosis and brain tissue damage compared to the healthy control group. In addition, the tumor group showed a significant increase in the expression of Paxillin and PTK2 genes compared to the healthy control group (p<0.001). This was while doing aerobic exercise in animals with brain tumor caused a significant decrease in Paxillin and PTK2 compared to the tumor group (p<0.001).

Performing aerobic exercise in animals with brain tumors can reduce tumor cell strength by reducing the expression of Paxillin and PTK2 genes (effective in the extracellular matrix). However, more studies are needed in this field.