International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine
Volume:21 Issue: 9, Sep 2023

Male infertility has received vast attention in recent years and has no clear etiology in almost 40% of cases. Several methods have been suggested for preserving sperm and spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) in both in vivo and in vitro conditions. The efficacy of these methods is related to their abilities, including providing an optimal environment for sperm preservation and long-term SSC culture for in vivo and in vitro differentiation of these cells. In this review article, a full MEDLINE/PubMed search was performed using the following search terms: "Spermatogonial Progenitor Cells, Stem Cells, Fertility Preservations, Sperm Freezing, Cell Differentiations, Tissue Scaffold, 3-Dimensional Cell Culture", which retrieved results from 1973-2022. Related articles were added to the bibliography of selected articles. Exclusion criteria included non-English language, abstract only, and unrelated articles. The production of functioning male germ cells is suggested by introducing modern bioengineered systems as a new hope for the maintenance of male fertility. Till now, few in vitro spermatogenesis investigations have provided appreciable amounts of mature gametes. Each method had benefits and disadvantages, but the 3-dimensional culture method had the greatest impact on the differentiation and preservation of SSCs. One of the critical elements of research is the preservation of sperm and the differentiation of SSCs. Several methods have been employed in this area. Various scaffolds providing an environment similar to an extracellular matrix and conditions for germ cell development and survival have been employed in recent research.

 Although sexual function (SF) and sexual satisfaction (SS) are the essential factors influenced negatively by infertility and may be associated with delaying or disrupting infertility treatment, no systematic review has assessed the results of these studies so far.

 The present study aimed to systematically review published interventional research regarding SF and SS among infertile individuals.

 In this systematic review, the databases of PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, PsycInfo, Google Scholar, and SID were searched to retrieve the relevant studies in Persian and English languages up to August 2021.  

 23 interventional studies were included in this systematic review, of which only 2 were low quality based on the critical appraisal skills programme checklist. The interventions of the included studies were classified into 2 main categories: educational and psychological interventions for increasing the SF and SS among infertile women or couples. 

 There was no clear evidence to understand the most effective method for increasing SF and satisfaction among couples with infertility. Based on the results of the included studies, all of them showed the effectiveness of the various interventions performed on sexual health dimensions among couples with infertility. This systematic review showed that most SF studies were educational, whereas the SS were more psychologically interventional. Conducting standardized and high-quality randomized controlled trials focusing on SF and SS is recommended.

 Preterm birth before 37th wk of gestation is called premature birth. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and CRH-binding protein (BP) act on various maternal and fetal tissues during pregnancy, such as the myometrium, which regulates the transition from the dormant phase of the uterus to the active phase. Studies have shown that mir-200c and mir-181a interact with CRH and CRH-BP.

 The present study aimed to investigate the expression of mir-200c, mir-181a, CRH, and CRH-BP in women with a history of preterm birth.

 In this case-control study, the gene expression level of mir-200c, mir-181a, CRH, and CRH-BP in placental tissue samples obtained from 48 women with a history of preterm labor was assessed in the Mojibian hospital of Yazd, Iran, from January to March, 2023. Differences between mir-200c, mir-181a CRH, and CRH-BP gene expressions among cases and controls were assessed. 

 The outcomes indicated that the expression of CRH increased with going on to the regular parturition time (p < 0.001). While outcomes indicated, CRH-BP decreased with going on to the regular parturition time (p < 0.001). In addition, the results showed that the expression of mir-181a increased and mir-200c decreased with approaching the normal delivery time (p < 0.001).

 In conclusion, the expressions of mir-200c, mir-181a, CRH, and CRH-BP were dissimilar in different weeks of gestation. It could be proposed to use mir-200c, mir-181a, CRH, and CRH-BP as biomarkers to weigh the exact delivery time, which could minimize the side effects of preterm labor for the mother and fetus.

 Separating women with the coronavirus 2019 from family can affect marital life. Considering psychological more vulnerability of women for anxiety and depression disorders, these women may experience more stress due to the loss of work at this time or special reproductive health conditions such as pregnancy, having a baby, or other medical conditions.

 Considering limited number of qualitative studies on the need for marital intimacy, this study was conducted to meet marital intimacy needs in women with coronavirus 2019.

 Framework qualitative content analysis was conducted through participation of 13 key informants (sex therapist, couple therapist, psychologist, and midwifery counselor) and 18 infected women from Yazd, Iran in July 2020 who were selected purposefully and interviewed through the semi-structured in-depth interviews.

 3 main categories were: 1) mutual resilience (subcategories: 1. coping strategies; 2. value of marital life; 3. compassionate conflict resolving). 2) skillful relationship (subcategories: 1. assertiveness in sexual expression; 2. self-efficacy in the distance physical connectivity). 3) synergy (subcategories: 1. reframing spirituality closeness; 2. empowering aesthetic creativity; 3. management of family function, and 4. prioritizing).

 Findings revealed sex and couple therapists, health providers, and policymakers should emphasize on using new forms of digital communication in these couples. Teaching skills which increase partners’ creativity and empathy, enable women to fulfill their mental, sexual and reproductive health needs, and lead to more partners responsibility and loyalty, and maintenance of family function. In times of crisis, counseling should be considered in women treatment programs and care guidelines.

 Endometrial scratch (ES) has been suggested to improve assisted reproductive techniques success rates by investigating implantation failure.

 In this study, we evaluated the effect of ES on the outcomes of frozen embryo transfer (FET) in women with at least 2 failed embryo transfer cycles.

 In this historical cohort study, medical data of 236 infertile women who underwent in-vitro fertilization-FET at Ebne-sina Infertility Center, Tehran, Iran, from January 2015-December 2021 was extracted from their medical records. Based on having ES before FET, they were assigned to either the scratch (n = 118) or the no-scratch group (n = 118). We compared these groups regarding pregnancy rates and outcomes.

 The demographic characteristics were similar in both groups regarding weight, body mass index, the number of previous embryo transfers, and the duration of infertility. However, the scratch group had a slightly higher mean age (32.31 vs. 29.96 yr, p < 0.001). No statistically significant difference was observed between groups regarding pregnancy rate (p = 0.89). No significant association was observed between scratch, infertility duration, the number of previous FET attempts, and the likelihood of pregnancy in a logistic regression model. No major complications were observed.

 Hysteroscopic endometrial scratching with scissors probably has no effect on FET outcomes, including pregnancy or live birth rates.

 Sex is one of the important aspects of marriage and a way of expressing intimacy. Unconsummated marriage is a common problem whose prevalence is about 1.5% in Iran and can significantly influence marital life.

 This study aimed to assess the unconsummated marriage in a qualitative mode to offer new and beneficial solutions resulting from a better understanding.

 In this qualitative study, conventional content analysis was used. Data collection and analysis were done from April 2013 to April 2014 with 11 women and 5 men participating, who were referred to the sexual disorders clinic of Tehran Psychiatric Institute and Rasool Akram hospital of Tehran, Iran. The researchers examined the files of people referred to these clinics with the diagnosis of unconsummated marriage. Our tool for data collection was a semi-structured interview. 2 experienced faculty psychiatrists recorded all the information based on standards for reporting qualitative research guidelines. Data were analyzed using qualitative technique and coding. Guba and Lincoln criteria was used for data validity.

 The codes of the participants' experiences were classified into 6 main categories, which include self-concept, intrapersonal factors, partner’s problem, preparedness for sex, emotional relationship between couples, and the effects of unconsummated marriage on the participant's life.

 Significant experiences among women included excessive anxiety toward the society and their spouses, and among men were weakness and guilt. Being unable to have sex negatively affected their view of life and caused great harm to their self-perception. Participants personality traits and their self-concept, and their attitude toward their partners were important issues.

 There is no agreement on which of the 2 gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist protocols are the most efficient, neither there is any consensus on which one yields a better clinical pregnancy percentage.

 The present study aims to compare the effectiveness of reduced dosages of long- and short-acting GnRH agonists on pregnancy outcomes.

 In this randomized controlled clinical trial, 400 women were randomly assigned to 2 groups (n = 200/group): the reduced dosage of long-acting GnRH agonist group (group 1, 1.25 mg Decapeptyl) and the short-acting GnRH agonist group (group 2, 0.5 mg/day Buserelin Acetate). The study was conducted at Mehr Medical Institute, Rasht, Iran between July 2019 and July 2020. Biochemical and clinical pregnancy were compared between groups.

 No significant differences were observed in the endometrial lining, the total number of retrieved and metaphase-II oocytes, progesterone, and serum estradiol levels on human chorionic gonadotropin day, fertilization rate, and top-quality embryos between the groups. The duration of induction (10.8 ± 1.7 vs. 10 ± 2.1, p < 0.001) and the total dosage of gonadotropins (2939.4 ± 945.9 vs. 2441 ± 1247.1, p < 0.001) were significantly greater in group 2 than in group 1. No significant differences were observed between the 2 groups in terms of implantation rate, chemical pregnancy rate, and clinical pregnancy rate. A higher percentage of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome was observed in group 2 (p = 0.005).

 Due to a lower percentage of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in group 1 and similar assisted reproductive technology outcomes in both groups, the long protocol was found to be superior to the short protocol.