مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد
سال سی و یکم شماره 8 (پیاپی 204، آبان 1402)

The purpose of this study was to review the research conducted on biomechanical and pathomechanical variables of the limbs of people with patellofemoral syndrome and also to summarize and present information in a useful framework from past researches.

The present study was systematic review. Keywords included: mechanics, pathomechanics of the lower limb, kinetics, kinematics, center of pressure and Electromyographic activity of lower limbs, patellofemoral syndrome on the sites of Google  Scholar, Science Direct, Web of science, PubMed and Magiranwas searched  One hundred nine articles were obtained by using the keywords of the study, and according to the intended purpose and removing duplicate articles, 48 articles were obtained, and according to the desired purpose, in the three parts of the patellofemoral joint, Plantar pressure variables and surrounding patellofemoral muscles were classified and analyzed in terms of mechanics, damage, forces on the joint, electrical activity of muscles and equipment used in the research in the form of tables and text.

Displacement of the center of pressure in people with patellofemoral syndrome during using orthotics with corrective exercises was reduced. The main cause of pain in patellofemoral syndrome was the delay in the activity of vastus medialis and vastus lateralis muscles relative to each other, which caused the abnormal displacement of the patella to the side and as a result increased the pressure on the patellofemoral joint and eventually caused pain. Closed kinetic chain exercises and biofeedback strengthened the mentioned muscles.

Knowledge of the function of patellofemoral joint elements and orthoses and corrective exercises can help the mechanics and pathomechanics of people with patellofemoral syndrome.

Healthcare workers, including dental students are at risk of transmission of blood-borne infections like Hepatitis and AIDS because of their continuous contact with blood and other body fluids. Thus it is necessary for them to achieve enough knowledge, proper attitude and right behavior regarding to these diseases through efficient training so they can treat infected patients, which is their ethical and legal duty. The present study was designed to evaluate knowledge, attitude and practice of dental students in School of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences about HIV and Hepatitis in 2019-2020.

This observational-descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 188 4th, 5th and 6th year dental students of Yazd Faculty of Dentistry, 170 of whom completed the questionnaire. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire including two parts of demographic information and knowledge, attitude and performance questions; data were analyzed using T-Test, ANOVA and chi-score tests and SPSS version 16.

The mean score of knowledge, attitude and practice regarding hepatitis and AIDS was 20/77 (out of 30), 32/04 (out of 45) and 46/17 (out of 52), respectively. The students had low knowledge level about prophylaxis treatments after needlestick injuries and screening tests. They also had poor attitude towards treating the infected patients. There was a significant difference in practice between males and females. (P-value<0.05).

Dental students performed well in relation to hepatitis and AIDS diseases despite their average knowledge and attitude. Thus there should be an emphasis on knowledge improvement and attitude alternation in Yazd Faculty of Dentistry.

Health tourism is an organized trip from one's living environment to another place, which is done in order to maintain, improve and regain physical and mental health. The purpose of this research was to identify the most important factors affecting medical tourism in Iran.

This was a fundamental study that was conducted in two phases. The first phase consisted of two steps. The first step was to perform a systematic review with the keyword of "MEDICAL TOURISM" on Web of Science and select 434 articles, and the second step was to perform a scientometric analysis on these articles using VOSviewer software. The second phase consisted of three steps. The first step was a systematic review with some keywords, including "MEDICAL TOURISM" and "medical tourism" on foreign and domestic databases and selecting 63 articles. The second step was to perform a content analysis on the selected articles using Nvivo software and identify the components affecting medical tourism in the world. The third step was the implementation of a Delphi method using a Likert scale with the aim of identifying the most important factors affecting medical tourism in Iran from the point of view of academic experts.

The first phase showed that the scope of research on the topic of medical tourism in the world had an upward trend from 1975 to 2020, and the countries of America, Canada, Malaysia, South Korea and Iran were the top 5 countries in this field. In the second phase, 46 factors affecting medical tourism in the world were identified, and after summarizing the opinions of experts, 39 indicators were determined as indicators affecting medical tourism in Iran.

Considering the high number and variety of factors affecting medical tourism in Iran, the development of this industry in the country requires extensive intra- and inter-sectorial coordination.

Medication errors reduce quality of life, immune system function, and cause significant mortality in children with HIV/AIDS. The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying and explaining the factors affecting the management of medication errors in children infected with HIV/AIDS virus in Iran's health system.

The current study was a descriptive one conducted in 2020-2021. At first, by reviewing the research literature and interviewing experts in the field of treating children with HIV/AIDS virus, the main factors affecting the occurrence of medication errors in children with HIV/AIDS virus were extracted and using them, the research questionnaire was designed. Data were collected from 400 experts in the field of treating children with HIV/AIDS virus and analyzed using exploratory factor analysis and through SPSS version 16 and Lisrel software.

Four factors included organizational factors (p < 0.001), individual factors (p < 0.001), educational factors (p < 0.001) and communication factors (p < 0.001), were identified as effective factors in the management of medication errors in children with HIV/AIDS virus. Factors including Individual, communication, organizational and educational with respective factor loadings of 0.84, 0.81, 0.79 and 0.77 had an effect on the management of medication errors in HIV positive children.

For successful management of medication errors in children infected with HIV/AIDS, it is advisable to prioritize individual and communication factors (i.e., behavior-based disease counseling specialists) while attending to all four of the relevant factors.

Different training methods have cardioprotective effects. The aim of this study was to examine the potential protective impact of continuous and interval swimming training with weights on cardiac morphological factors and serum levels of Apelin and Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 in male Wistar rats.

In this experimental study, 27 male rats divided randomly into the control (n=6), sham (n=5), interval (n=8) and endurance (n=8) groups. The endurance group swam for 12 weeks/5 days while swimming time increased incrementally. During the 12-week/4-day period, the interval group engaged in swimming exercises while gradually increasing the load and reducing the duration of rest. Apelin and Insulin like Growth Factor-1 concentration, heart weight and left ventricle weight were measured. One-way ANOVA was utilized and Tuckey-HSD test was used to point out the place of significance (α ≤ 0.05).

Findings showed that total heart weight in interval and endurance training compared to the control (P= 0.02 and P= 0.02 respectively) and sham (P= 0.02 and P= 0.02, respectively) significantly increased. Furthermore, the weight of the left ventricle showed a significant increase following endurance training in comparison to both the control (P= 0.02) and the sham groups (P= 0.02). Additionally, it was found to be significantly higher than the sham group following interval training. (P= 0.01). Apelin significantly increased in interval and endurance training compared to the control (P= 0.00 and P= 002 respectively) and sham groups (P= 0.02 and P= 0.04, respectively). Moreover, insulin like growth factor-1 significantly increased in interval and endurance training compared to the control (P= 0.01 and P= 0.01, respectively).

It appears that a 12-week swimming training program, particularly in an interval format, can induce physiological hypertrophy in cardiac tissue and provide cardiac protective benefits through the upregulation of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 and Apelin.  

Helicobacter pylori infection is known as one of the health problems in the world, and the concurrent infection of diabetics with Helicobacter pylori contributes to health and economic problems in the world. The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in patients with type 2 diabetes in Gonabad City, Iran.

This case-control study was conducted in Gonabad City, Iran. The number of participants in the study was 168. The method was simple random sampling and the study population was typing 2 diabetic and non-diabetic people who were referred to Gonabad health centers. After obtaining informed consent from the patients, 4 milliliters of venous blood were collected from the patients with type 2 diabetes and the control group, and IgG antibodies against Helicobacter pylori and Fasting Blood Sugar and Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1C) were measured by ELISA and Colorimetric method, respectively. After entering the data into SPSS version 16 software, they were analyzed using independent tests, chi-square tests, and logistic regression tests.

In the present study, 71.4% of type 2 diabetes patients had IgG antibodies against H. pylori bacteria. The odds ratio of diabetes in the patients with positive IgG was 1.37 times that of patients with negative IgG, and this relationship was statistically significant (P=0.003).

The present study showed that H. pylori was more common in diabetic patients than non-diabetic ones, and in diabetic patients, there was no statistically significant relationship between the duration of diabetes, family history of diabetes, and smoking history with Helicobacter pylori infection.

Shift work disorder (SWD) is a sleep disorder that affects the circadian rhythm and is characterized by symptoms such as excessive daytime sleepiness and insomnia. This condition can significantly increase the risk of accidents and diminish the overall quality of life for individuals affected by it. Therefore, using the four-question of shift work disorder questionnaire (SWDQ) can be useful for identifying people at risk of SWD. In this research, we evaluated the accuracy and consistency of the Persian adaptation of the SWDQ among female employees.

In this descriptive cross-sectional investigation, a sampling available method was employed to select employed women who were referred to Royan Institute, Arash Hospital, and Gynecological Office in Tehran. It was used translated and reverse translation methods for the questionnaire of SWDQ. Statistical analysis was performed by using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS version 16, Inc. Chicago, IL, USA).The tests used in this study were Cronbach's alpha, internal correlation, and confirmatory factor analysis.

In terms of content validity rate (CVR) with an average of 70% (questions 80%, 80%, 60% and 60%, respectively) and content validity index (CVI) with an average of 87.5% (questions 100%, 90%, 80% and 80%, respectively) was acceptable. The internal homogeneity of the SWD questionnaire with Cronbach's alpha was 63.4% and deleting each of the four items of the questionnaire reduced it. Moreover, the range of total correlated changes for the questionnaire was from 0.339 to 0.488, which was more than the minimum of 0.3.

Overall, the validity and reliability of the Persian version of SWDQ (the four-item) have acceptable.

Until now, many surgical sutures have been used for pterygium surgery, but it has not yet been determined which suture thread is preferable for pterygium surgery. In this study, we compared the results of using two surgical sutures, Nylon and Vicryl.

This study was conducted as a Randomized Clinical Trial (RCT) at Shahid Sadoughi Hospital. Seventy patients who were referred and met the criteria for pterygium surgery were assigned to two groups, A and B, each consisting of 35 individuals.  Group A utilized the Nylon sutures while Group B utilized the Vicryl sutures. The examinations were performed in terms of study variables according to a questionnaire pre-determined by an ophthalmologist's assistant on the 1st day, 7th day, 4th, and 8th week after operation. The collected data were entered into STATA14 software and considering the qualitative nature of most dependent variables, the collected data were analyzed using Chi-square test.

According to all the obtained results, it could be concluded that a certain sutures could not be chosen especially better than other suture, because each one had its own advantages and disadvantages. But on a case-by-case basis, Vicryl suture could be recommended for patients who had come to the hospital from far away cities because it did not need to be pulled by the doctor and it created the feeling of the presence of a foreign body in the patient's eye, because it reduced the need to return to the hospital.

In this study, we compared vicryl and nylon sutures in pterygium surgery, and for the first time among other similar studies, we investigated the rate of knot untying of the sutures, and came to the conclusion that each of the nylon sutures and Vicryl has its advantages and disadvantages, but due to the fact that in the Vicryl thread group, the presence of a body was felt less and it did not need to be pulled, we recommended it for the patients visiting from distant cities. It is suggested to compare vicryl and silk sutures in order to find the most suitable suture for pterygoid surgery.