مجله طب نظامی
سال بیست و پنجم شماره 5 (پیاپی 123، آذر و دی 1402)

2-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile (tear gas) is one of the most widely used equipment for crowd control. The aim of the current study was to conduct a systematic review of the potential health effects of tear gas exposure. Thirty-five studies (25 case reports, seven descriptive studies, and three analytical studies) were presented in this review article. In twenty-five reported cases, 90 cases of exposure to tear gas and their clinical effects are presented. Their average age was 25.7 years and 62% were male. Among the clinical effects, 61% of skin issues, 40% of respiratory issues, and 57% of eye issues can be mentioned. Also, the long-term health effects of these people were related to indoor exposure. Descriptive and analytical studies have shown injury rates between 30 and 60 percent. Apart from transient clinical effects, tear gas can permanently and seriously affect human health. Predisposing factors for more severe injury included environmental conditions, prolonged exposure time, and higher amounts of the chemical agent in confined spaces. According to the results, there are dangerous symptoms and consequences for the health of people such as police officers due to the long-term use of tear gas, which can lead to many incurable and fatal diseases in the future.

Low Back pain is one of the most common diseases that face adults with various physical, psychological, economic, and social problems. Due to the fact that patients experience various degrees of disability during this period, the present study was conducted to determine the quality of life and functional outcome in patients with lumbar disc herniation. This study was a descriptive-interventional study that was performed in 2022. One hundred twenty patients undergoing lumbar disc surgery were included in the study by census method. Patients were investigated before and, 3, 6, and 12 months after the operation using a 12-question short-form questionnaire to measure the quality of life, the Oswestry Functional Disability Questionnaire to measure the severity of the disability, the European Quality of Life Questionnaire to measure the health-related quality of life, and the DASS Questionnaire to measure depression, anxiety, and stress. The data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 22) and the significance level was less than 0.05. The quality of life in the physical dimension improved after 12 months (P<0.05). Oswestry disability index improved from severe to moderate disability and preoperative disability improved compared to 12 months after surgery (P<0.05). The EQ-5D index improved after 12 months and significantly differed from before surgery (P<0.05). There was a significant difference between stress before and 12 months after surgery (P<0.05). The results indicated that there was a significant relationship between Oswestry functional disability index and body mass index (P=0.002) and age (P=0.01), and depression with gender (P=0.003). The results showed that the quality of life, functional ability, and stress in patients undergoing lumbar disc surgery improved after 12 months.

The substantial changes in the COVID-19 epidemic around the world and its impact have repeatedly changed the management, diagnostic, and even treatment protocols. The meaning of changing the concept of triage is adjusting the process of ordinary hospital triage to a gray and two-layer triage. In this study, the field evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of the management and triage of COVID-19 patients and the design of a biological triage model in a selected military hospital has been conducted.

This research was a descriptive study in terms of its purpose and method; it is a qualitative study. The Delphi method was used. The studied community, specialists, and elites related to the treatment of COVID-19 included emergency, infectious, internal medicine, lung, and anesthesia specialists, as well as experts and senior hospital managers in the scientific committee of the university. Sampling was done using a targeted and available method. Focused group discussions, expert panels, and qualitative interviews people used to obtain were optional. Delphi results were analyzed in three rounds with content analysis to identify the main topics and use collective agreement indicators.

By holding a panel of experts, the results of research findings in qualitative panels were presented in three categories. First, the weaknesses and strengths of the existing and notified protocols of the Ministry of Health were identified. Then, the experts in the scientific committee of Corona presented the implementation solutions to improve and enhance the treatment protocol in the hospital. Finally, the implementation algorithm agreed upon by most experts was presented. The maximum isolation of patients from the beginning of entering the gray triage unit, the use of the maximum emergency capacity in a pandemic, and the use of home care methods to accelerate the discharge process of recovered patients were among the most important features of the proposed algorithm.

Proper and continued training based on the latest findings, complete isolation of the triage area until hospitalization of COVID-19 patients, use of resistant structures, development of support beds in the emergency room, and conducting preparation maneuvers in biological pandemics based on an algorithm are of particular importance.

Coronary artery disease is the most common form of cardiovascular disease, and it frequently causes myocardial infarction. It causes billions of dollars in property damage and millions of deaths worldwide every year. The standard method for diagnosing cardiovascular disease is angiography, which is invasive and dangerous. A machine learning system has been widely used as a fast, cost-effective, and non-invasive approach to the diagnosis of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to use a support vector machine algorithm to predict coronary heart disease in active middle-aged women. In this study, the medical records of 372 middle-aged women with coronary artery disease who were hospitalized in two selected hospitals during 2015-2016 were used. A support vector machine algorithm was used to diagnose coronary artery disease. MATLAB software was used for data analysis at a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that by using medical records containing 14 common features, related to anthropometric information, diagnostic tests, angiography results, and physical activity, the support vector machine algorithm can detect vascular diseases with 70% accuracy and 76% precision. The use of a machine learning approach provides the ability to predict the presence of coronary artery disease with high accuracy and sensitivity. Therefore, it allows doctors to provide timely preventive treatment in patients with coronary artery disease.

Nowadays, it is clear to everyone the positive effects of sports activities as a non-pharmacological method. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of eight weeks of exercise training in water on marital conflicts and emotional self-regulation of inactive veterans in Ilam city. The method of this research is a quasi-experimental type of pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the research is all the veterans of Ilam city, of which 28 people were selected as a sample using available and voluntary sampling in two experimental (14 people) and control (14 people) groups. Sports exercises in water were held with the experimental group for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week and 70 minutes each session. During this period, the control group did not participate in any specific exercise program. Two library and field methods were used to collect data; in this way, in order to collect the background and theoretical foundations of the research, the library method was used, and to collect data, two standard questionnaires of marital conflicts by Sanaei Zaker and Barati (2008) and emotional self-regulation by Hoffman and Kashdan (2010) were used. Validity and reliability were also confirmed. In order to analyze the data, Univariate covariance and Multivariate covariance statistical tests were used with the help of SPSS version 24 software. The results of the research showed that there is a significant difference between the two experimental and control groups (at a 95% confidence level) after exercise training in water in the variable of emotional self-regulation, but no significant difference was observed in the variable of marital conflicts. Therefore, exercise training in water has a significant effect on the emotional self-regulation of the experimental group, but it does not have a significant effect on marital conflicts. Exercise training in water improves the emotional self-regulation of veterans; therefore, Martyr Foundation and Veterans Affairs of Ilam can use this method of intervention in order to improve the emotional self-regulation of veterans.

In recent years, the coronavirus disease has caused many problems in the field of health, and contracting this disease led to the hospitalization, death, and disability of many people. One of the ways to control this disease in Iran is the implementation of Shahid Soleimani's plan with the aim of reducing the hospitalization rate, death, and disability, supporting groups at risk. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of Shahid Soleimani's plan in controlling the coronavirus disease.

The present study is a quantitative research. According to the purpose of the research, it is in the category of applied research, and in terms of the research design, it is one of the cross-sectional studies that was carried out between 2020 and 2022. The population of this study included healthcare workers in the Corona sector in 5 parts of the North, South, East, West, and Central of the country, and 360 people were selected from among them using cluster sampling. The research tool is a standard questionnaire whose validity and reliability were determined based on Cronbach's alpha of 0.88. Data analysis was done using SPSS-24 and AMOS-20 software.

The results of standard coefficient and t statistic (R2=0.34, t=5.28) and the results of structural equation modeling (P<0.001, β≤0.3) showed that the provision of primary health care services on the control of Corona in Iran had a direct impact.

Shahid Soleimani's plan, with public participation and inter-sectoral coordination in the care, support, and monitoring areas, by carrying out measures such as vaccination, and early identification of patients, led to a reduction in hospitalization, mortality and in general the management and control of COVID-19.

The lack of micronutrients, including iron and zinc, are one of the major concerns of today that can negatively affect sports performance. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise and supplementation with pumpkin seed oil and white pea extract on the gene expression levels of MT-1, MT-2, and cGPDH in the liver tissue of male rats.

In this experimental research, 36 male Wistar rats with a weight range of 130 to 150 g were randomly divided into six groups: saline control, saline training, pumpkin seed oil control, training + pumpkin seed oil, Control pea, and training + pea. The training groups participated in the aerobic training with an intensity of 25 m/min, 5 days a week, for total time of 6 weeks. Twenty-four hours after the last training session, the liver tissue of rats was extracted and kept at -80 °C for the subsequent measurement changes of MT-1, MT-2, and cGPDH genes gene expression levels through real-time PCR method as well as zinc and Iron levels through ICP-EOS technique in the liver tissue. Statistical analysis of data was done with SPSS software and one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test.

Six weeks of training + pumpkin seed oil supplementation significantly increased gene expression of MT-1, MT-2, as well as zinc and iron levels in liver tissue in comparison to the control group (P≤0.05). Also, the amount of liver zinc and iron in the training group + pumpkin oil was significantly higher compared to the training group + pea group (P≤0.05). On the other hand, there was no difference in the expression level of the GPDH gene in liver tissue among the groups (P≤0.05).

The results of the present study showed that the use of supplements containing zinc increases the amount of zinc and subsequently increases zinc transporters. However, pumpkin supplement is more effective in MT1, and MT2 gene expression compared to chickpea supplement.