نشریه مدیریت ارتقای سلامت
سال دوازدهم شماره 6 (پیاپی 64، آذر و دی 1402)

In recent years, researchers in the field of behavioral sciences have paid more attention to the importance of the mental health of the family and its members and the role they play in shaping the dynamics of society. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to predict aggression based on internalized shame and communication skills in mothers with elementary school children.

This descriptive-correlational research was conducted in Bandar Abbas city in 2023 with the statistical population of all mothers with elementary school children. Using convenience sampling, 222 mothers were selected. The data collection instruments included a demographic questionnaire, "Aggression Questionnaire", "Internalized Shame Scale" and " Communication Skills Test-Revised ". The content validity of the instruments was confirmed by the qualitative method by asking the opinions of 4 lecturers of the Department of Counseling and Psychology of Hormozgan University. Reliability was checked and confirmed by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The data of the research was collected through in-person visits to schools and qualified mothers responding to the instruments. The data was analyzed with SPSS.26.

Internalized shame positively predicted mothers' aggression (P<0.001, β=0.56). Also, among the components of communication skills, only communication with assertiveness positively predicted aggression in mothers. (β>0.001, P=0.29). The results of the regression analysis also showed that 0.46 of the total variance of aggression is explained by internalized shame and communication with assertiveness.

Internalized shame and communication with assertiveness are important predictors of aggression in mothers with elementary school children. 
Therefore, it is suggested that educational methods to reduce internalized shame and improve communication skills, especially the component of communication together with assertiveness, should be considered for mothers with primary school children.

With the advent of the Covid-19 pandemic, the world is facing a new crisis in which the security, social, and economic well-being of human society, including the lived experience of sports activities, is threatened and vulnerable. The purpose of this study was to explain the lived experience of citizens' sports activities during the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020. 

The method of the present study was qualitative and performed with an interpretive phenomenological approach. The statistical population includes citizens with a history of sports activity who were selected using purposive sampling of 21 citizens to the extent of information saturation. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. To evaluate the reliability and objectivity of the information, the opinions of researchers outside the research were used and the credibility of the data was used with peer review and confirmability. Phenomenological analysis method of Smith & Shinebourne. was used to analyze the data. 

A total of 74 themes, 7 sub-themes and 3 main themes were extracted and classified. Sub-themes included psychological factors, physical factors, socio-economic factors, changes in personal life, environmental constraints, indoor and outdoor sports, and sports through cyberspace. The main themes included changes in quality of life, changes in lifestyle and changes in sports style. 

The lived experience of citizens' sports activities during the Covid-19 pandemic was a change in quality of life, a change in lifestyle, and a change in lifestyle. It is suggested that in case of epidemics, in order to prevent the problems caused by the disease, the lived experience of the sports activities of the citizens should be used.

One of the important and basic factors in determining the goals and quality of people management is metacognitive awareness. The aim of the current research was to determine the total quality management prediction based on metacognitive awareness with the mediation of personal concerns in academic faculty members of Medical Sciences University of Lorestan province.

The research method was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population included all full-time faculty members of Medical Sciences University in Lorestan province. A number of 140 people were selected as a statistical sample by a simple random lottery. The instruments included demographic questionnaire, "Pervasive Quality Management Questionnaire", "Metacognitive Awareness Inventory" and "Personal Concerns Inventory". The validity of the instruments was measured using content validity using a qualitative method and reliability using the internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data analysis was done in SPSS .24 and Amos .24.

Direct path coefficients between metacognitive awareness and total quality management (P=0.001, β=0.250), adaptive motivational structure with total quality management (P=0.001, β=0.136), non-adaptive motivational structure with total quality management (P=0.001, β=0.167), metacognitive awareness with adaptive motivational structure (P=0.001, β=0.241) and metacognitive awareness with non-adaptive motivational structure (P=0.001, β=0.215) was significant. Also, the indirect path coefficient between metacognitive awareness and total quality management with the mediation of adaptive motivational structure (P=0.043, β=0.032) and non-adaptive motivational structure (P=0.040, β=0.035) was significant.

Total quality management is predicted based on metacognitive awareness with the mediation of adaptive and non-adaptive motivational structure in faculty members of Medical Sciences University of Lorestan province. The attention of educational institutions in the university is suggested to explain the importance of metacognitive awareness for academic staff members and to implement programs for training and awareness of metacognitive awareness.

Bereavement in children is a complex and difficult process that causes strong emotions in them. The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of the "Combined Package" on bereavement and depression symptoms of 5-10-year-old children suffering from bereavement.

The current research was of a semi-experimental type of pre-test, post-test with control and follow-up groups. The statistical population of the present study included all bereaved children referred to psychological clinics in Isfahan city in 2020. 40 boys and girls aged 5 to 10 years with bereavement symptoms were selected based on purposeful and convenience sampling methods. Then they were randomly assigned to the "Combined Package" group (20 children) and the control group (20 children) by lottery. Research data collection was done with demographic questionnaires, "Grief Symptoms Questionnaire" and "Children's Depression Inventory". Content validity was done by qualitative method and reliability by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Then, for the intervention group, 10 sessions of a 75-minute "Combined Package" (1 session per week) were conducted. No intervention was done for the control group. After the completion of the intervention, a post-test and follow-up was conducted 3 months later. Questionnaires of all three stages were completed by living parents or guardians or nurses of bereaved children. Data were analyzed in SPSS. 27.

There was a significant difference between the intervention group and the control group in the 2 variables of bereavement and depression symptoms in the post-test and follow-up stages. Therefore, the intervention was effective in reducing bereavement and depression symptoms in bereaved children (P < 0.05).

"Combined Package" (Play Therapy and Story Therapy) reduces bereavement and depression symptoms in bereaved children. It is suggested to use the above therapy method to reduce the psychological problems of bereaved children.

Measuring the cost of treatment is one of the daily concerns of the developed world, which play a fundamental role in the design and evaluation of health systems. The present study was conducted with the aim of development and psychometrics of "Treatment Cost Management Scale" for children with cancer.

The current research is of a methodological type. In the qualitative part, a wide review of the literature related to the research subject, including library documents and scientific articles from 2003 to 2021, was conducted and by analyzing them in the form of a data extraction form, "Treatment Cost Management Scale" was developed. In the quantitative part, the content validity ratio and the content validity index of the scale were conducted by asking the opinions of 15 people from the medical staff of Shafizadeh Children's Hospital in Babol city with the snowball method. Construct validity was investigated by exploratory factor analysis, convergent validity and divergent validity by distributing the designed scale among 250 available medical staff of Shafizadeh Children's Hospital. Composite reliability and internal consistency reliability were calculated by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The data were analyzed in SPSS. 22 and Amos. 24.

In the qualitative part, "Treatment Cost Management Scale" was developed with 24 items. The values of the content validity ratio for all items were 0.49 and the content validity index was 0.80. Exploratory factor analysis showed the construct validity of 6 subscales. Divergent validity was equal to 0.58 and composite reliability was equal to 0.89 and reliability by internal consistency method was obtained by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient equal to 0.88.

"Treatment Cost Management Scale" is valid and reliable with 24 items and 6 subscales. It is suggested to use the designed scale in researches related to health and treatment services to manage the costs of children with cancer.

Professional identity is an important process in the creation and expansion of the nursing profession, which is created over time and includes gaining insight into professional performance and creating the ideals and values of the profession. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of determining the challenges of professional identity formation in nursing students.

The present study was conducted using a systematic review method. Articles were searched using the keywords Professional Identity, Challenges, Nursing Students, Nursing and its Persian equivalent Professional Identity, Challenges, Nursing Students and Nursing. The search for Persian and English articles was conducted in the internal databases of SID and IRANDOC and external databases of PubMed, ProQuest and Science Direct. A number of 21 studies were evaluated and analyzed based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria for data extraction.

The challenges related to the formation of professional identity in nursing, in 4 categories: challenges related to nursing students, challenges related to the educational system, challenges related to nurses and challenges related to the environment and Social culture can be classified.

Challenges related to the formation of professional identity in nursing include challenges related to nursing students, educational system, nurses, environment and social culture. It is suggested that nursing managers and trainers in the clinical areas of nursing act as a perfect model for future nursing students, nursing programs should aim to reduce the gap between theoretical and clinical education. It is also suggested that media members support the nursing profession and nurses' effort to show their professional capabilities in social media.

Facilitating people's access to healthcare services is one of the main goals of policy makers in the healthcare sector of every country. In this regard, evaluating healthcare services supply chain performance is a necessary step towards achieving this crucial goal. This study was conducted with the aim of developing model for healthcare services supply chain performance evaluation in Tehran’s governmental, private and social security hospitals based on Grounded Theory.

The present study is a qualitative study that was performed by Grounded Theory method. The data collection method was in-depth semi-structured interviews with 16 experts from Tehran’s governmental, private and social security hospitals familiar with performance evaluation concepts. The purposeful sampling method was the snowball method. To measure the validity of the findings, four criteria including credibility, generalizability, reliability and verifiability were applied. The test-retest reliability method was used to evaluate the stability of the researcher's identification. Open, axial and selective coding methods were employed for data analysis.

In this research, 58 open codes and 21 axial codes were identified for healthcare services supply chain performance evaluation in Tehran’s governmental, private and social security hospitals categorized in form of 6 selective codes consist of causal conditions, context, intervening conditions, phenomena, strategies and consequences.

The final pattern shows that the causal conditions include 2 axial codes, the context includes 3 axial codes, the intervening conditions include 2 axial codes, the phenomenon includes 6 axial codes, the strategies include 5 axial codes and the consequences include 3 axial codes. It is suggested to use the results of the provided model to improve healthcare services.

Substance dependence is the second most common psychiatric disorder. "Acceptance and Commitment Therapy" is a behavioral therapy that is used in the treatment of addicts undergoing treatment with methadone maintenance. The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of "Acceptance and Commitment Therapy" on the sense of coherence among addicts undergoing treatment with methadone maintenance in 2022.

The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test with a control group. The statistical population included addicts treated with methadone maintenance in Chalus city in the summer of 2022. A statistical sample of 30 addicts treated with methadone maintenance was selected from the addiction treatment center in Chalus city. Then, using a simple random method of lottery type, 15 people were assigned to the intervention group and 15 people to the control group. Data collection instruments included demographic questionnaire and "Sense of Coherence Scale". The validity of the scale was not measured and previous researches were used. The reliability was measured by the internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. "Acceptance and Commitment Therapy" was implemented for the intervention group during 8 sessions of 90 minutes (2 sessions per week). The data were analyzed in SPSS. 22.

"Acceptance and Commitment Therapy" has been effective in improving the sense of coherence and sub-scales of manageability and comprehensibility among addicts undergoing treatment with methadone maintenance (P<0.05).

"Acceptance and Commitment Therapy" has an effect on the sense of coherence and its 2 subscales. It is suggested that mental health specialists in the field of addiction should take advantage of the above therapy and in this way try to increase the sense of coherence and mental health of addicts undergoing treatment with methadone maintenance.