نشریه پرستاری و مامایی ارومیه
سال بیست و یکم شماره 8 (پیاپی 169، آبان 1402)

The prevalence of chronic renal failure is increasing dramatically all over the world. This disease causes a decrease in the quality of life, increased health care costs, and death. Health literacy as a vital indicator of health care results, and self-management as a critical indicator of disease control and chronic conditions can play together crucial role in these patients. Therefore, the research aimed to investigate the relationship between health literacy and self-management in patients with a kidney transplant.

This cross-sectional study was conducted with 120 participants in Tehran city using a convenience sampling method. Data were collected using a health literacy questionnaire and Kozaka’s self-management behavior specific to kidney transplant patients. SPSS ver. 20 used for data analysis.

The results showed a significant relationship between health literacy and self-management in kidney transplant patients. In addition, health literacy had a statistically significant association with education level, employment, income, and age. Also, self-management had a statistically significant relationship with age, education level, employment, and income.

A significant relationship was found between health literacy and self-management behaviors. Thus, it can be suggested to pay more attention to health literacy, which increases the client's knowledge regarding their condition and its evaluation. Health literacy can also be added to their educational program, both in medical centers and The Associations for the Support of Kidney and Kidney Transplant Patients.

Dear Editor, Live microorganisms called probiotics have beneficial effects on the host's health (1). Probiotic Bacillus coagulan has received more attention than others. Hammer first isolated it from contaminated canned milk in 1915 (2). In research, this probiotic has demonstrated unique properties and benefits. 1.Resistance: This probiotic is very resistant to techniques for food preparation, like boiling and cooking, so it is a good choice for use in food companies (3). Also, this probiotic was found to not adversely affect the nutritional and sensory properties of the product (4). 2.Genome: One of the essential advantages of this type of probiotic is that it is almost impossible to transmit antibiotic resistance genes to the next generation, and they can recover the genes if at risk (5). 3. Microbiota: Many diseases are associated with an imbalance in the Microbiota, so balance helps maintain health and treat disease (6). Probiotics have been shown by many studies to be essential in maintaining human immunological homeostasis. It also received much attention in this field because of its strong regulatory effect on the host microbiota and immune response, with little concern for harm or risk from ingestion (7). 4. reactive oxygen species(ROS): This Probiotic, through different methods, can increase human immunity, including the ability to produce a variety of active radicals (8). 5. Immunity and Inflammation: Ingestion of Bacillus coagulans can markedly regulate inflammatory immune factors such as interferon-gamma (IFNγ), interleukin (IL), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) without altering natural cytokines. This probiotic can produce immune-activating cytokines, anti-inflammatory, chemokines, and growth factors (7). 6. PH: Various research shows that probiotics positively affect natural flora, but they are highly sensitive to acidic environments, while some probiotic species have high resistance in these conditions (9, 10). And even with a decreased pH, it can make the environment unfavorable for other microorganisms (11). Finally, due to the extensive and beneficial effects of this probiotic and its effect on the oxidative stress process, it seems that the use of its products can affect the prevention, improvement, treatment and rehabilitation of many chronic diseases. Also according to The significant effect of Bacillus coagulan on the host's immune system and according to some evidence supporting the various effects of this probiotic may be useful in the management and reduction of human diseases.

Regarding the position of ethical principles in professions such as nursing, which provides care services and is related to the patient health, the need to address the nursing students' moral reasoning ability and its improvement, which leads to making ethical decisions in clinical situations, is revealed. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the ethical reasoning ability of undergraduate and graduate nursing students of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences.

This was a descriptive -analytical study that was conducted at Zanjan University of Medical Sciences. The participants included 87 undergraduate nursing students and 46 master's students in nursing at Zanjan University of Medical Sciences who were selected by census sampling. The data was collected using the demographic characteristics questionnaire and the nursing dilemmas test (NDT). Descriptive statistics (number, percent, mean, standard deviation, and descriptive tables) and inferential statistics (t student, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient) were used regarding data analysis. Data was analyzed using SPSS Ver.16

The average ethical reasoning score of nursing master's students were 43.6±4.1 and undergraduate students was 40.6±5.1 and there is a significant difference between the moral reasoning of nursing undergraduate students and nursing master's students. It was also found that there is no significant relationship between the individual-social characteristics and the ethical reasoning ability of nursing students.

Findings showed that the moral reasoning ability of nursing master's students is higher compared to undergraduate students. The worrying finding is that the nursing students are not at the appropriate level of ethical reasoning. Nursing education policymakers should increase the ethical reasoning ability of nursing students in the field of solving ethical dilemmas by providing appropriate educational programs, including holding clinical ethics workshops in clinical environments, taking advantage of the experiences of experienced nurses, and using prominent ethics professors.

Gaining an in-depth understanding of the cultural beliefs and behaviors of patients, their relatives, and healthcare professionals (HCPs) in the emergency department (ED) can have a significant impact on patients' and their relatives' ED experiences, expectations, satisfaction, and outcomes. This study aims to explain and describe what it is like to wait in an Iranian ED by focusing on its ongoing cultural features.

Based on Spradley’s (1980) developmental research sequence, a focused ethnographic approach was conducted at the ED of Imam Reza University Hospital in Tabriz, Iran. Purposive sampling was used to identify eligible participants from patients, their relatives, and the healthcare professionals in this ED. Data collection involved participant observation, ethnographic interviews, and examination of related documents and artifacts, which continued until data saturation was achieved.

The study identified six cultural patterns as follows: (1) patients and their relatives experience uncertainty due to a lack of information; (2) relatives feel obliged to insist on their presence; (3) the presence of relatives is perceived as having both constructive and destructive aspects; (4) a lack of empathy undermines reciprocity in the healthcare system; (5) healthcare approaches are mostly one-dimensional; and (6) self-organized HCPs dynamically address the disorganization in the ED.

The findings of this study can provide a foundation for designing effective strategies to promote technical and interpersonal dimensions of quality in ED care. These strategies should be closely aligned with patients' and their relatives' needs, expectations, and preferences.

Annually, millions of patients in the world are injured and die due to unsafe medical care. In order to manage this issue, it is important to examine the safety status and the factors affecting it. Because of their essential role in the healthcare system and their responsibility for at least half of the patient's health and safety services in hospitals, nurses are considered as one of the most important influencing factors in this field. The culture of patient safety in the sense of accepting patient safety as the first priority and measuring this importance in order to minimize unsafe medical care has a special priority. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine the status of patient safety culture and its related factors from the perspective of nurses working in hospitals affiliated to Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Iran.

This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study included 595 nurses working in hospitals affiliated to Bushehr University of Medical Sciences. Data were collected using two questionnaires of demographic information and the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC). Data were analyzed using SPSS Ver.19 and univariate and multivariate linear regression statistical tests.

The results showed that the mean score of patient safety culture from the nurses’ point of view (133.79±12.30) was moderate. 75.3 and 24.7 percent of the participants reported the patient safety culture as moderate and weak, respectively. None of the participants reported an excellent safety culture. Interest in nursing had a statistically significant and positive relationship with patient safety culture (p> 0.001; β=0.141). Other demographic and occupational variables had no statistically significant relationship with patient safety culture (P>0/05).

Considering the moderate level of safety culture, reviewing ways to improve twelve safety culture indicators should be on the managers' agenda. Because with increasing interest in the nursing profession, the culture of patient safety rises from the point of view of nurses, attention to the interest in the field should be operationalized when admitting students. It is also necessary to try to attract interested personnel and create organizational support for the sustainability of this interest to improve patient safety.

Screening for Cognitive Impairment in Psychiatry (SCIP) is a short scale designed to diagnose cognitive deficits in patients with mental disorders, including schizophrenia. Therefore, in this study, the convergence of the Screen for Cognitive Impairment in Psychiatry Scale (SCIPS) with equivalent instruments in patients with schizophrenia was investigated.

In a group of 58 patients with schizophrenia, the SCIPS scale and a number of standard cognitive tests including a WMT working memory test, a VLTI immediate verbal learning test, a VFT verbal fluency test, and a delayed verbal learning test And a PST processing speed test was performed.

The results showed that in schizophrenic patients, each subtest had a significant correlation with SCIP overall score, which indicates acceptable internal reliability of SCIP in patients. Also, there is a good correlation between SCIP tests and other tests except VFT.

Overall, the results of the present study indicate an acceptable convergence of the Screen for Cognitive Impairment in Psychiatry Scale in examining the cognitive deficits of patients with schizophrenia.

Self-management in kidney transplant patients leads to increased tissue survival time, reduced graft rejection, early identification of drug side effects, and increased quality of life. Kidney transplant patients have poor self-management behaviors. Knowing how kidney transplant patients should encounter and manage them will improve transplant outcomes. This study was conducted to explain the self-management behaviors of kidney transplant recipients.

This qualitative study was done with eighteen participants. Participants were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through in-depth and semi-structured interviews and analyzed through qualitative conventional content analysis.

The findings included a theme of trying to achieve balance and stability in life and six main categories of lifestyle modification, physical self-care, self-efficacy, resilience, adaptation to new roles and treatment management.

The results showed the participants tried to achieve balance and stability after a kidney transplant. A kidney transplant can be considered an event that initiates a period of instability after a long period of illness and health deterioration. Therefore, self-management programs should focus on supporting patients in restoring stability in their lives after kidney transplantation.

Job motivation is an essential factor among nurses, influencing their care quality. Motivation directly impacts the performance of hospital employees, including nurses, in achieving organizational goals—self-actualization, which refers to the desire to improve oneself and reach one's full potential. Since self-actualization is one of the components of mental health and the search for meaning is the foundation of mental health, achieving the meaning of life as a mental strength causes positive feelings, satisfaction, and even psychological security. Natural disasters and crises, including earthquakes, are disruptive events that are usually beyond the response capacity of local and regional systems and can affect nurses' motivation to perform their duties. This study aims to determine the relationship between job motivation, self-actualization, and the meaning of life among nurses during critical events in Khoi City in 1401.

This descriptive-analytical study was conducted in medical education centers and hospitals affiliated with Khoy University of Medical Sciences. It included 404 nurses who met the inclusion criteria. Data were collected using a demographic information form, Ludahl, and Kitchener's standard job motivation questionnaire, Ahvaz's self-actualization questionnaire, and Steger's meaning of life questionnaire. The correlation coefficient and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data using SPSS software version 23.

The results showed 61.6% of nurses had high job motivation, and 86.1% had strong self-actualization. The mean scores for the presence of meaning dimension and the search for meaning dimension were 28.476 ± 7.549 and 28.756 ± 7.598, respectively. 79% of nurses reported a sense of meaning in life, while 81.9% reported actively searching for meaning. According to the correlation test results, there is a direct and significant relationship between job motivation, self-actualization, and the meaning of life.

Considering the high job motivation, self-actualization, and the presence of meaning in the nurses' lives, managers can keep these values high and enhance the quality of nursing care by providing a supportive work environment and creating an atmosphere to promote these values further.