فصلنامه علوم پزشکی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی
سال سی و چهارم شماره 1 (پیاپی 115، بهار 1403)

In 2015-2016 flu season, the subtype A/H1N1/pdm09 was reported with a widespread of 92% in Iran.  A phylogenetic study based on the HA protein located the viruses in the new subgroup 6B.1. Therefore, by observing this change, the effectiveness of the vaccine was investigated from an immunological point of view.

The investigated viruses were selected from among the sequenced samples based on the diversity and abundance of substitutions, by aligning with the Bioedit software and drawing a phylogenetic tree by the maximum likelihood method in the Mega software, and were propagated by MDCK cells. Next, by injecting two doses of human influenza vaccine two weeks apart into the two rabbits, their serum on day (0) before immunization, 21 and 30 days after the injection, isolated and after treatment, the antibody produced was used for Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. The data were analyzed in the Excel chart.  

The mean HI titer in the positive control sample was 960, and in samples 831, 836, 807 and 808 were 40, 20, 180 and 120, respectively. The results showed that the antibody obtained from the vaccine had neutralizing properties against the circulating viruses, but it was significantly reduced compared to the reference strain (P<0.001). No titer was observed in the negative control sample.

The requirement of genetic and immunological evaluation of vaccine efficiency for influenza viruses is necessary every year; so it is essential to provide appropriate methods available to laboratories.

Due to lifestyle changes and increased anxiety consumption of zolpidem has increased among young people. Zolpidem is the second sleeping medication used in the world. the harmful effects of this drug on the reproductive system have been proven. The present study was conducted to evaluate the protective effects of vitamin E against zolpidem injuries on male reproductive system.

In this experimental study forty eight adult male mice NMRI strain at a mean weight of 25±5 grams were divided into one control and seven experimental groups. Zolpidem was prepared in distilled water. The control group received distilled water (as solvent of zolpidem) The groups 1, 2 and 3 received zolpidem at the doses 5, 10 and 20 (mg/kg of body weight). The group of 4 received (100 IU/kg of body weight) vitamin E and the groups of 5,6 and 7 received Zolpidem+ vitamin E for 35 days. One day after the last gavage, the treatment groups were sacrificed, the hearts were dissected and blood samples were obtained. Then the sperm parameters MDA, TAC and testosterone were evaluated.

Significant reduction in the count, motility, number of live and mature sperms at high doses were observed. DNA damage was increased, which vitamin E could result in improvement. The total antioxidant capacity and testosterone levels decreased while the amount of malondialdehyde level in the serum increased. Administration of Vitamin E improved MDA, TAC and testosterone level.

Zolpidem can increase the free radicals and weakens the body's antioxidant defense system, zolpidem causes disorders related to sperm parameters in high doses and therefore is able to impair the physiological function of male reproductive system. On the other hand, vitamin E, which is a fat-soluble antioxidant, can improve the damage and eliminate reproductive disorders.

Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) plays an important role in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this study, the effect of omega-3 consumption and interval exercise alone or in combination on ERS in rats with NAFLD was investigated.

In this experimental study, 40 male Wistar rats (mean weight 156.98±7.82) were divided into 5 groups: Control-Normal (CN), NAFLD, NAFLD-Training (TRNAF), NAFLD-Supplement (SUPNAF) and NAFLD-Training-Supplement (TRSUPNAF). The supplement groups received 1 g of Omega3 (per kg of body weight) orally during the intervention period. Interval training program including running on treadmill with a speed of 14-28 meters per minute, was performed 5 days a week for eight weeks.

Induction of NAFLD increased GRP78, CHOP, ALT and AST (p=0.0001). The expression of GRP78 and CHOP was significantly decreased in TRNAF (p=0.0001 and p=0.001 respectively) and SUPNAF (p=0.0001 and p=0.001 respectively) groups compared to NAFLD. ALT and AST also significantly decreased in TRNAF (p=0.0001 and p=0.0001) and SUPNAF (p=0.0001 and p=0.001 respectively) groups. The combined intervention of interval training with omega-3 supplement was not significant compared to the effect of each intervention alone on GRP78, CHOP, ALT and AST (p<0.05).

Interval training and omega-3 consumption inhibited ER stress in liver tissue through reduction in GRP78 and CHOP expression. However, the simultaneous effect of interval training and omega-3 on ERS needs more research.

One of the factors causing the resistance of Enterocus faecalis bacteria to the vancomycin antibiotic is the vanA gene, and the purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of silver nanoparticles on the expression of the vanC resistance gene.

In this study, 98 isolates were examined after confirming the presence of the vanA gene and the antibiogram test of the treatment, the bacteria with multidrug resistance with the lowest ability to silver nanoparticles were performed and with the Real-time PCR technique, the data were analyzed. It was related to the change of gene expression. vanA was transformed in two analysis groups.

Antibiotic resistance of the strains was 50% to vancomycin, 32% to ciprofloxacin, 15% to chloramphenicol, 5% to teicoplanin, 43% to erythromycin, 79% to amikacin, 80% to tetracycline, 80% to cephalexin, 85% to penicillin, and 1% to linozolid. Real-time analysis on the resistant strains in which the presence of vanA gene was confirmed by PCR and treated with silver nanoparticles showed that the effect of nanoparticles on the expression of vanA gene is significant.

Existing 87% of the multidrug resistance in 64 confirmed strains indicates that the issue of multidrug resistance is a serious warning in the use of antibiotics to treat infections caused by Enterococcus faecalis and the effectiveness of silver nanoparticles on vanA gene expression indicates that It can be used as an alternative to antibiotics in infections caused by Enterococcus faecalis.

3,2,1 triazoles are an important class of five-membered heterocyclic compounds whose unique biological properties have made them an important class of chemical compounds. The biological activity of these compounds is known as anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-depressant, anti-tuberculosis, anti-HIV, etc.  

In this research, first we synthesized new courcomin catalyst. We investigated synthesis of some 1,2,3 triazol derivatives and evaluated their anti-bacterial and anti-fungal effects. After synthesis and purification of some 1,2,3-triazol compound, the inhibitory effect of compounds against fungal (Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger) and against bacterial (Staphylococcus arueus and Escherichia coli) was evaluated.

It was found that compound (3): 1-(4-bromobenzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-ol exhibited the best antifungal activities. Also this compound showed good activity against Staphylococcus areus as a Gram-positive bacteria.

According to the results, it seems that the use of recombinant substance 3 as a new compound with acceptable antimicrobial properties can be considered

As a pandemic, Covid-19 has had extensive effects on the physical and mental health of society and athletes. This study aimed to compare the physical and mental health profiles of elite female swimmers from the pre to post-COVID-19 Confinement period in elite female swimmers in Mashhad.

Twenty-seven swimmers were assessed pre to post-COVID (between 2 years). Perceived physical fitness (body condition, flexibility, muscle condition and body composition), physical fitness level, and psychological profile of swimmers were measured. The paired t-test was utilized to determine if differences existed before and after the COVID-19 lockdown.

Participants showed increased depression (p= 0.001), anxiety (p= 0.024), stress (p= 0.001), Loneliness (p= 0.001), and BMI (p= 0.001) and significant decreases in IPAQ-SF (p= 0.023), and Subscales and total score of perceived physical fitness (p= 0.001) after 2 years at the end of the quarantine period.

The results of the present study showed that the decrease in physical activity level during the Covid-19 epidemic could have negative effects on the psychological profile and BMI in professional athletes. Therefore, the specific planning should be considered by the coaches and sports planners of the professional and national teams to safely maintain the level of physical activity.

Considering the value of the family institution, special attention should be paid to the problems of couples. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral couple therapy (CBCT) and emotionally focused couple therapy (EFCT) on couple burnout of couples with emotional divorce.

The method of this study was semi-experimental with pre-test- post-test with the control group. The statistical population was couples who referred to Tabriz Counseling Centers in 2022. Totally, 54 people were selected by the purposeful sampling method and randomly divided into three groups (9 couples in each group). Members of both experimental groups received their treatment, respectively, in 8 and 10 sessions of 1.5 hours; however the control group did not receive any treatment. The measurement tools were Pines's couple burnout and Gottman's emotional divorce questionnaires. Data were analyzed by analysis of covariance and bonferroni's post hoc test.

In the pre-test, the means and standard deviations of the couple burnout were 108.44±10.68, 108.11±12.18, and 108.39±8.08, among CBCT group, EFCT group and control group, respectively (p>0.05). Both treatments reduced couple burnout in couples after the test, compared to the control group (p<0.001). The effect of these two treatments on reduced couple burnout at posttest was not significantly different (p>0.05).

It seems that cognitive-behavioral couple therapy and emotion-oriented couple therapy can decrease the couple burnout of couples; so they can probably be a useful therapeutic strategy for improving couples' relationships.

Borderline personality disorder is a serious and complex mental disorder that contains a pervasive pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, emotions, and impulsivity. Therefore, the aim of the current study was the effectiveness of self-compassion-based mindfulness therapy on emotion regulation, loneliness, and impulsivity in borderline personality disorder patients.

The present study was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test- post-test design with two experimental and control groups. Among all the people with borderline personality disorder referred to the clinics in Qochan City, 30 people were selected by available sampling method and replaced in two experimental and control groups. All of them completed the emotion regulation (2003), loneliness (1980) and impulsivity (1994) questionnaires in the pre-test and post-test phases. After that, the experimental group underwent mindfulness intervention. Finally, the data was analyzed using covariance analysis by SPSS version 26 statistical software.

The results showed that the mean emotion regulation score in the experimental group significantly improved after the intervention compared to the control group (P<0.05). Mindfulness therapy based on self-compassion in the subjects of the experimental group, unlike the control group, in the post-test phase led to a decrease in loneliness and impulsivity (P<0.05).

These findings have further clarified the role of emotional, cognitive and behavioral structures in borderline personality disorder sufferers and the need to use therapeutic approaches combined with mindfulness in order to adjust the symptoms of borderline personality disorder sufferers.

Health literacy as a global issue in the 21st century is of increasing importance. One of the influencing variables on the level of knowledge and awareness of patients about their disease is health literacy. The main purpose of this article was to identify the dimensions and components that are effective on the health literacy education of patients with diabetes in the hospitals of Tehran Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences.  

In this qualitative study, interviews were conducted with 18 experts in health education, medical education, nursing, and faculty members with at least a doctorate in educational management and higher education management. The method of data collection was semi-structured interviews, which were analyzed using conventional qualitative content analysis. Data validity was confirmed using Lincoln and Goba criteria.

Effective factors on health literacy education were identified in six dimensions including "basic literacy, specialized literacy, social literacy, cultural literacy, media literacy and diabetes management" with 17 components and 87 indicators.

Identifying dimensions, components and indicators that are effective on health literacy education can be a foundation for designing a model for health literacy education for patients with diabetes.

Blood product over-requesting and wasting are the biggest concerns for the health community in providing the patients' blood needs. This study aimed to investigate the blood request and transfusion status and related factors to non-transfusion and their wastage in Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah.

This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 1045 patients who were candidates for receiving blood products in Imam Reza Hospital. Demographic characteristics, clinical data, and reserved blood product outcomes (Transfusion/non-transfusion) were extracted from the patients' clinical documents. The C/T index was used for the calculation of the reserved and transfusion blood products ratio. The multivariate logistic regression test was conducted to explore the predictors for blood product wastage.

Of 1045 patients with a mean age of 41.45 ± 22.32 years who were candidates for blood products, 57% received blood transfusion. The C/T index was 1.75. The patients' frequency distribution regarding gender, marital status, education, diagnosis, and blood product type between two groups of patients with and without blood transfusion showed no statistically significant difference (P>0.05). However, the frequency distribution of the person ordering blood products and age in the two groups had a statistically significant difference (P<0.05).

The request-consume blood products index in Imam Reza Hospital of Kermanshah showed a favorable condition. The younger age and the reservation by the first-year resident were independent predictors for requested blood product wastage.