Advances in Nursing & Midwifery
Volume:22 Issue: 78, 2012

Needle stick injuries are one of the most important threats for the nursing staff in teaching hospitals.this study aimed to determine incidence, risk factors and protective factors of needle stick injuries in nursing staff. In a cross sectional study, we gathered information on needle stick injuries from March 2007 up to March 2010. All nurses in Bou-aAli Sina teaching hospital (n=246) included in the study (census). A questionnaire which consisted of questions on demographic characteristics, working habits, history of related training courses, educational level, work experiences and injury-related information. Was administerd Validity and reliability of the questionnaire were assessed by content validity and test-retest (r=0.89) methods respectively. Epi Info 3.5.1 package was used for statistical analysis. Needle stick injury was reported in 77 nurses out of 246 in different positions. Independent risk factors for needle stick injuries were habitual recapping of used needles and consecutive shift works. Overall 54.5% of incidents were reported to hospital infection control facilities. Male gender and younger age had significant statistical association with lower likelihood of reporting of needle stick injuries. According to the complications of needle stick injuries, training programs in this field are one of the priorities in the teaching hospitals. In addition, decrease in consecutive shift works for nurses may have a significant impact on prevention of these injuries in nursing staff.

Symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) are unpredictable; they vary from person to person, and from time to time in the same individual. Research conducted in Iran, didn''t focus specifically on the health status of MS. Therefore, we undertook this study on physical health status in MS patients. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study on 119 MS patients, recruited through convenience sampling. Data were collected using the physical section of the «Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life Inventory (MSQLI)», with 78 items and 0. 93 Cronbach''s coefficient that translated to Persian and adapted to Iranian culture by researchers. The physical health status was moderate in 49. 6%. The lowest mean score percent was for physical component 41. 06 (12. 9) and the highest mean score percent was for Impact of visual impairment 87. 05 (16. 1). Physical components indicated a significant positive correlation with fatigue impact, pain effect and bladder control. We found a significant positive correlation between fatigue impact with pain effects, sexual satisfaction, and bladder and bowel control. Moreover, significant positive correlations were found between pain effects with sexual satisfaction and bowel control; sexual satisfaction and bladder and bowel control; bladder control and bowel control. These findings may assist health care providers to identify patients at risk of aggravating physical health status; thus allowing appropriate and timely interventions to be conducted.

Increasing global approach to men''s participation in care and reproductive health programs, in the past 15 years, has created a need to research on men’s encouragement to take responsibility for their families’ health through Men''s participation. Therefore, the aim the present study is to determine men''s participation in reproductive health care programs during pregnancy, in health clinics affiliated to Shahid Behshti University of Medical Sciences. In 1388. This was a descriptive study on 400 cases that had at least one child under 2 years and familly file in health clinics coverage Shahid Beheshti University. Sampling was multi-stage cluster Nonrandomized and research instrument was a questionnaire According to the findings of the study, the mean age of participant was (37/27±5/56). (60/2 Percent) had a child and pregnancy in (24/8 Percent) was scheduled. Generally (74/2 Percent) men demonstrated good cooperation and participation and (0/25) had relative participation (89/ Percent) men had good knowledge and (11/0 Percent) had relative knowledge. There was Significant relationship between participation and education (p<0/0001), If higher education participation was low. There was Significant relationship between participation and job involvement (p<0/004). There was highest participation (83/9 Percent) in men whose job was lndependent. Also between the term Marriage and Participation was found Significant relationship (p<0/0001). There was Significant relationship between kind of Pregnancy and participation (P<0/0001) if It was planned to increase participation.The results of this research imply good men,s participation during pregnancy and childbirth that showe good oppurtunity for education and counseling before pregnancy that is good oppurtunity for Training men by expert person can enhance men, s participation during pregnancy and childbirth.

The internal environment of any organization is an effective factor on change management. There are many effective factors which should be determined and utilized for change management in any organization including nursing and midwifery schools. So, this study aimed to explore organizational internal environment of nursing and midwifery schools and it''s effect on change management. This study was the qualitative part of a mixed exploratory study. The participants were recruited by purposeful sampling method from the managers of Tehran schools of nursing and midwifery. Data were gathered by semi-structured interviews and conventional content analysis was used for data analysis. Totally, 171 conceptual codes were extracted which were categorized in 3 themes including changing process, internal organizational environment and external organizational environment. Internal organizational environment had 10 subcategories in 3 main categories including managerial-, organizational- and individual-factors The concept of change management is a complicate procedure which is influenced by managerial-, organizational- and individual-factors. Faculty members, manager''s duties, education, attitude and other factors should be considered for change management in schools of nursing and midwifery.

Although “parents'' participation in taking care of hospitalized children” is considered as an indispensible principle today, it is still among the concepts with no consensus about it. The main objective of this study is to define “parents'' participation in taking care of hospitalized children” using hybrid model. In this research analysis of “parental participation in parents'' participation in taking care of hospitalized children” was performed using a hybrid model in three steps: literature review (theoretical step), field work, and combination of literature review and field work.Based on the step of literature review, the best definition for the concept of “parental participation in taking care of hospitalized children” was selected. In the field work step, dimensions of mentioned concept were extracted; and finally definition of this concept by mixing theoretical and field work step was proposed as: mutual relationship and gaining parents’ trust, giving required information and educations to the parents about care and treatment process, asking parents for doing needed home care jobs, involving the parents in care processes, and finally defining participation/decision making authorities (clarifying the parents role). The findings of this study elucidated dimensions of parental participation in NICU where giving attention to them can lead to their putting to practice.

Outcomes of unintended pregnancies may endanger reproductive health. Studies have shown that women with unintended pregnancies are less likely to care for their health promotion activities, adequate nutrition and their fetus’ health.The objective of this cross sectional study was to compare unintended and intended pregnancy outcomes.A descriptive design was used for this study. A sample of 225 women attended to Tehran hospitals in 2007 were included in the study. Participants of the study were selected by stratified sampling method. An information form was used to collect data. Its validity and reliability were achieved by content and test-retest methods, respectively. Pregnancy outcomes including birth weight, height, head and chest circumference and Apgar score were investigated. Data analysis was done using SPSS 15 and t test, 2 and factor analysis. The mean age of participants was 25.86 (SD=4.6) years and 28% of participants reported their pregnancy as unintended. There was a significant association between unintended pregnancy and head circumference, p<0.05. Although, there were no significant association between unintended pregnancy and the other outcomes, these outcomes were poorer in the unintended pregnancy group as compared to the intended pregnancy group. With regard to these results, it was hoped that the results of this study could emphasis on the efficiency of our data as a robust basis for future interventions regarding preventive strategies to decrease unintended pregnancy

Technology and development in the field of health and treatment has been lead to the production and delivery of synthetic drugs and chemical compounds in this field, But because of low efficacy and undesirable side effects some of these drugs are considered as a potential threat to human health. There fore this nutritional approach and use of herbal medicines has been common in many countries. Green tea that is the most common be average in the world and especially in East Asia (China - Japan) is known as one of the powerful antioxidants due to having poly phenolic flavonoid compounds. Evidences show that so far, experimental studies (clinical) have been done on small scale animal and human samples to verify the therapeutic properties of polyphenols compounds of green tea. The purpose of this paper is to provide the therapeutic effects of green tea that are confirmed at different researches. To achieve researches and studies related to the effects of green tea, these sites were investigated: «Medline, Irandoc, Elsevier, scpous, pubmed scholar, by using the following keywords» tea, green tea, flavonoids, catechin, obesity, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycmic (diabetes), stroke, vascular heart, cancer and depression, and totally 55 articles from 2000 to 2010 were reviewed and summarized. The results of these studies have introduced the green tea, as a matter of anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti cholesterol, anti-diabetic, anti-mutation, anti-microbial, anti-stroke and so on. It is also proved to be effective in genital warts. In addition bioactive components of green tea (catechin and caffeine) stimulates the sympathetic system resulting in increased heat production and fat oxidation in the body and in this way they perform their anti-obesity function. According to the results of the studies, it appears that green tea is as a low-risk supplement treatment for certain diseases and health problems and is considered as the most common safe drink, but further researches are necessary to examine its effects.