مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی رفسنجان
سال سیزدهم شماره 7 (پیاپی 66، مهر 1393)

Some freshwater snails are intermediate hosts of human and animal parasitic flukes. These snails are considered as the first and often the second intermediate hosts of parasitic trematode larvae. Therefore, survey of the important epidemiologic indexes related to snails fauna makes it possible to gain information about the sources of infection. The aim of current study was to survey of population changes and cercarial infection of Lymnaea spp. and determine involved factors in Miyandoab region. Generally, 5 various and perennial habitats of snails were monitored from May to November in 2010. Snails sampling was undertaken by searching each site using a standard method. After transferring and identifying the collected snails, all of them were individually placed into petridishes in order to investigate their cercarial infection by traditional cercarial shedding method. Snails which did not shed cercariae for the first time, were re-examined som other time and cercariae were finally characterized. Totally, 514 dextral Lymnaea spp. were collected and identified. The highest percentage belonged to the L. stagnalis (63.62%), followed by L. gedrosiana (26.26%) and L. auricularia (10.12%). The overall infection rate was 2.12%. The infections were only observed in L. auricularia with furcocercariae (19.23%) and L. gedrosiana with echinostom cercariae (0.74%). In comparison whit previous study, the major habitats of snails had been dried so as a result, diversity, abundance, distribution and consequently the fauna of lymnaea spp. have been undergone a lot of substantial changes. So, it should be paid essential attention to this adverse occurrence at least with a view to prevent the likely extinction of these aquatic animals.

Suicide is an important public health problem so that it is the third cause of death in 15-34-year-old individuals. The aim of this study was to survey epidemiology of suicide and attempted suicide in Larestan and Gerash.

This cross-sectional study was carried out on suicides and attempted suicides in Larestan and Gerash during 2008 to 2012. Data were collected using monthly report checklist of suicide prevention program. Data were analyzed using descriptive methods and using chi-square or Fisher's exact tests.

The average rate of suicide was 2.35 per 100,000 populations in Larestan and Gerash. Most of the cases 14 (51.9%) were married. The most common method to commit suicide in women and men were drug abuse (42.9%) and hanging (75%),respectively. In contrast, the average rate of attempted suicide was 59.93 per 100,000 populations. Most of the cases were singles with a frequency of 350 (50.8%) and in age groups of 20-29 years with a frequency of 349 (47%). Drug abuse was the most common method of attempted suicide in women (93.4%) and men (86.8%).

Although the results showed a low incidence of suicide in Larestan and Gerash, the most common motivation for suicide was either physical or mental illness. Therefore, it is essential to do protective measures to reduce this occurrence.

Training the future work force of the health and treatment system is a matter of the utmost importance. To this end, it is necessary to have enough information about the current situation of the students and find out about their attitudes towards their chosen fields. This study was conducted to determine the satisfaction rate of the anesthesia students about their field of study and their attitudes towards future job perspectives. 109 anesthesia students from Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences (RUMS) participated in this descriptive cross-sectional study in 2012. A researcher-made-questionnaire was used to obtain the following information: demographic information (7 items), satisfaction rate (8 items), survey the student's attitude about current chosen field (9 items) and survey about the future job perspective (4 items). Data were analyzed using independent t-test and Chi-square test. The satisfaction rate was approximately medium (2.33±0.63).Only 57.8% of the students had little prior knowledge about their chosen major before going the university. They indicated a positive and acceptable attitude towards the theoretical and functional classes and also the personality and individual characteristics of their university lectuers. The most important factors leading them to choose their major were, helping people, their job managers, and promoting social status respectively. The satisfaction rate of the anesthesia students about their majors was almost good and their attitude was positive. Improving the facilities and educational equipments, and increasing the prospective student's prior knowledge about their major before going to the university could elevate the satisfaction rate and interest of the students to choose anesthesiology as a major at the university.

Previous studies have been shown that serum level of C-reactive protein (CRP) is significantly correlated with mortality and functional outcome in patients with ischemic stroke. Some studies point to specific vessels involvement according to different serum level CRP. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between serum C-reactive protein level with intra and extra cerebral vessels stenosis in acute ischemic stroke patients. In this cross-sectional study, 90 patients with acute nonembolic ischemic stroke were evaluated. The diagnosis was confirmed by physical examination, embolic refusal and neuroimaging. Blood samples for assessment of CRP were collected within 24 h after stroke. Doppler ultrasound was done in the first 5 days of stroke onset. To analyze the data, t-test and x2 test were used.The mean serum CRP level in patients with stenosis was 7.58±1.33µg/ ml and in patients without stenosis was 4.10±1.79 µg/ ml (p=0.004). Also, there was a significant statistical difference between CRP and stenosis (p=0.003). The more frequent stenotic vessels in patients with abnormal serum CRP level were ICA(Internal Carotid Artery), MCA(Middle Cereberal Artery) and ACA(Arterial Cerebral Artery) and in patients with normal serum CRP level were ACA, ICA and MCA. There was a significant statistical difference between abnormal serum CRP level and ICA stenosis (p=0.015) and MCA stenosis (p=0.006). Our results show that cerebral vessels stenosis is more frequent in ICA and MCA in patients with ischemic stroke. This finding shows that abnormal serum level of CRP has an association with some cerebral arteries stenosis.

Dyes have complicated structures, usually toxic and resistant to biological treatment which entered to environment by industrial waste streams. The aim of this study was the survey of isotherm and kinetic adsorption studies of Reactive Blue 19 (RB19) dye onto Barberry stems powder from textile industrial wastewater. This study was done in laboratory scale and used Barberry stems powder for removal of RB19 dye. In this study the effects of initial dye concentrations (25 and 50 mg/L), pH (2, 4, 7, 9), adsorbent doses (0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 gr/100 ml) and contact time (15, 30, 60, 120, 180 min and 24 hr) were investigated. The dye concentration was determined by using the UV/Vis spectrophotometer at 592 nm. For better understanding of the adsorption process, the experimental data were analyzed with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models and kinetic studies. The results showed that removal of RB19 dye with Barberry stems powder as a natural biosorbent increased by expanding of time and adsorbent dose. By decreasing the initial dye concentration and pH, dye removal efficiency has increased. In this study, the best fit of the adsorption isotherm data was obtained using the Langmuir model. Kinetic analysis of our results showed that the findings well fitted by pseudo-second-order reaction. We can conclude that Barberry stems powder as a biosorbent could be used for dye removal from aqueous solutions.

Because of the age group of students and their low experiences, they are exposed to many dangers of the accident occurred at school. The main objective of this study is to determine the level, causes, and location of the accident at schools in Rafsanjan from 2011 to 2012. In this cross sectional study, the recorded traumatic and non-traumatic accidents were investigated in all primary and high schools of Rafsanjan. The data gathering instrument in this task was a questionnaire designed by the researcher. The researchers attended schools for completing the questionnaires by assistance of the managers or health instructors. In this research, 153 schools were studied. The findings indicated that the most common of the damages is minor injuries; the most frequent of the locations occuring injury is their hands and feet; and the most common of the accident is falling down the ground while they are walking or sporting. Also, stomachache and headache were the most common of the non-traumatic accidents. The independent T-test indicated a significant relation between the gender and traumatic and non-traumatic accidents. Moreover, a significant relation was observed between the traumatic accidents and educational level of the students (p<0.05). Considering the high frequency of the accident among students, the results of this task offer the basic information to the schools authorities for making appropriate decisions and strategies for prevention and decrease of the incidences occurred at schools.