فهرست مطالب نسرین سلطانی

This study aims to assess reinforced concrete moment frames designed at varying ductility levels within a typical reinforced concrete structure, from a reliability perspective. The article explores the probabilistic methods for designing different ductility levels in the current Iranian Concrete Code, focusing on reliability. Specifically, a three-story concrete moment frame structure, designed to low, medium, and special ductility levels as per the Iranian code, is studied. The reliability analysis encompasses uncertainties in loading, dimensional parameters, and evaluating structural performance functions such as floor drift and acceleration. The study utilizes horizontal earthquake components specified by the FEMA P-695 standard to analyze earthquake record uncertainties. Furthermore, a comparison of the reliability index and probability of failure for each performance function is used to assess failure uniformity. The findings reveal a maximum probability of failure in collapse damage state of approximately 9%, 5%, and 2% for low, medium, and special ductility frames, respectively.

Drug trafficking is a global illegal business that includes the cultivation, manufacture, distribution and sale of substances that are subject to drug prohibition laws. Drug trafficking as one of the criminal and illegal activities is carried out by organized criminal groups and causes abnormalities in behavioral, social, political, economic and even family fields. But what makes this deadly phenomenon as a global challenge, threatening national security and It has become an international and influencing factor on the mental, physical and moral health of people, the spread of smuggling and its trade at the domestic and international level.

The current research is applied in terms of purpose; And in terms of descriptive-analytical method.

Iran's legislative policy towards drug trafficking has always been based on criminal and repressive prevention, in such a way that in determining the punishments, the amount of social ugliness of the act, the character of the perpetrator, human dignity, the type of crime and human rights standards, which are the criteria for proportionality of punishment is not noticed; This is despite the fact that Iran's legislature, by accepting some international documents to create the capacity of the criminal law realm, has not adopted a single criminal policy against drug trafficking from the very beginning. Some times, he has even tried to decriminalize some former crimes.

While adopting reactive policies against drug trafficking at the local, national and international levels by using diplomatic, military, intelligence and law enforcement capacity to prevent drug trafficking, identify criminal networks and prosecute traffickers, alternative development programs such as The product is made for the illegal cultivation of herbal medicines.

In this study, curcuma zedoaria extract was investigated as a mild steel (MS) corrosion inhibitor in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution by conventional methods of weight loss (WL), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and polarization at 25 °C. The highest percentage of inhibition was obtained for the concentration of 0.5 g/l of curcuma zedoaria extract. The results of polarization method showed that curcuma zedoaria extract acts as a mixed inhibitor. Examination of MS immersion time by weight loss method showed that with increasing immersion time, the inhibitory effect decreases in low concentrations of curcuma zedoaria extract but in higher concentrations of curcuma zedoaria extract (concentration 1.0 g/L), the inhibitory effect remains almost constant over time. The effect of temperature on the performance of curcuma zedoaria extract by electrochemical polarization method in the temperature range of 35-65 °C shows a decrease in inhibition percentage with increasing temperature. Adsorption of curcuma zedoaria extract molecules on the surface of MS at all studied temperatures follows the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Using the results of kinetic and thermodynamic calculations, the adsorption of molecules of curcuma zedoaria extract on the surface of MS physical adsorption type was observed.

Considering the increasing advances in the field of genetic engineering, proving its importance in achieving food security in the world and also increasing the global exchanges of its products, like other modern technologies, considerations have been expressed about its products. Therefore, regulations such as Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety at the international level and the National Biosafety Law of the Islamic Republic of Iran at the national level have been approved to gain the trust of consumers. According to these criteria, products containing genetically modified (transgenic) organisms are labeled to inform consumers and give them the chance of decision-making. For labeling these products, the ability to detection and identification of genetically modified organisms is needed. Therefore, in this study, a rapid method for detection and identification of 14 events of transgenic maize in 4 shipments of maize imported from Brazil has been presented. Of these 14 events, 12 are approved by the Ministry of Jihad Agriculture. The other two events have not yet received the necessary permissions and are considered as hypothetical unauthorized events. Detection and identification of these 14 events was optimized using multiple polymerase chain reactions using 7 reactions with the same program, so that in each reaction two events were detected. This method has advantages such as saving time and costs. Tracking results on four imported shipments showed that all four shipments had no hypothetical unauthorized events and the contents of all shipments tested were different combinations of approved events. These results are in full compliance with the information provided in the profile of Iran in Biosafety Cleaning House.

This article examines the impact of international documents on the legal criminal policy of narcotics in Iran. The analysis of the effectiveness of the United Nations Convention against Narcotic Drugs and other international documents in Iran's drug policies has been done comprehensively and accurately. Introduction and review of the importance of international documents, their role in Iran's legislation and their impact on improving drug policies and programs in Iran have been considered.In the following, the United Nations Convention against Narcotic Drugs and international standards related to narcotic drugs are examined. Also, the laws and regulations of narcotic drugs in Iran and the analysis of their compatibility with international standards have been examined.Then, the direct and indirect effect of international documents on Iran's legal criminal policy in the field of drugs and the changes and improvements made in Iran's drug policies have been investigated as a result of the impact of international documents.At the end, suggestions and recommendations for improving drug policies in Iran have been presented. Also, the conclusion of this study shows that strengthening international cooperation, developing prevention and training programs, strengthening monitoring and combating trafficking, and promoting research and accurate statistics can bring significant improvement in drug policies in Iran.

In this study, the inhibition effect of a Schiff base with three C=N groups and three aromatic rings on corrosion of 1018 carbon steel in 0.1 M hydrochloric acid is investigated by two electrochemical methods, impedance spectroscopy and polarization, at 25 °C. The inhibition efficiency increases by increasing the concentration of Schiff base from 100 to 500 ppm and the highest inhibition efficiency was about 96% at 25 °C for the concentration of 500 ppm of Schiff base. The results of the polarization method showed that the Schiff base in acidic solution acts as a mixed inhibitor. The charge transfer resistance (Rct) for 1.0 M HCl solution increases from 39.5 Ω.cm2 to 949.7 Ω.cm2 by adding 500 ppm of Schiff base. The effect of temperature on the inhibitor performance is investigated by electrochemical polarization method in the range of 25-65 °C and it shows decreasing of inhibition efficiency with increasing temperature. The adsorption of Schiff base molecules on the surface of 1018 carbon steel at all temperatures follows the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The values of ΔGads obtain -32.122 kJ and -35.124 kJ mol-1 at 25 °C and 65 °C, respectively, which shows increment in its absolute value. These results show that the adsorption of Schiff base molecules on the surface of 1018 carbon steel is a physico-chemical adsorption.

In recent decades, researchers have become increasingly interested in examining cognitive factors in obsessive-compulsive patients; schema therapy is one of the most effective therapeutic approaches in various domains. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of schema therapy on the rumination and anxiety of obsessive-compulsive patients.

The present study was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population of this study consisted of all individuals with OCD 1 in Tehran. Through recall and referral to psychology clinics in district 1 of Tehran, 30 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder were selected and randomly assigned into two groups of experimental and control. Then the experimental group underwent 10 sessions of Schema Therapy and at the end of both groups the post-test was performed.

The results of covariance showed that schema therapy had a positive and significant effect on reducing rumination and anxiety in obsessive-compulsive patients (p≤0.001).

Schema therapy can reduce the rumination and anxiety of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a serious, debilitating but treatable disease. Ruminations and social anxiety are common psychological problems in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. The effectiveness of mindfulness training has been proven in various domains, but has been neglected the rumination and social anxiety in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

This study was conducted aiming to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness training on the rumination in women with  obsessive-compulsive disorder.

This study was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with control group. Among women with  obsessive-compulsive disorder referring to the clinics  of the city of Tehran in the first half of the year 2019, 30 people were selected by convenience sampling and were randomly assignes to experimental and control groups. Participants completed Nolen Hoxma and Morrow (1993) Rumination Scale and Connor et al. (2000) Social Anxiety Scale. Mindfulness training sessions (Kabat-Zinn, 2003) were implemented for experimental group in eight 90-minute sessions, but no intervention was provided for the control group. The data were analyzed by analysis of covariance.

Results showed that mindfulness training reduced rumination and social anxiety in the experimental group (p<0/05).

Mindfulness training can be used to reduce rumination and social anxiety in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Cardiovascular diseases are associated with individual behaviors in childhood, adolescence and youth. This article aimed to study the effect of education based on HBM on the prevention of heart disease in female students. This pre and post-test semi-experimental study which has two groups was conducted on 126 girls of high schools in 2017. A randomized cluster sampling method and relative randomize method were used in the first and second stages respectively. At first both groups completed a questionnaire and then instructions were given to intervention group in three sessions (1 hour) on the basis of HBM. Two months later, data was collected via questionnaires in two groups again. Statistical analysis of the data was performed by SPSS software, using independent and paired t-test and Chi-square test. The two groups were similar in terms of demographic characteristics and knowledge and constructs of the health belief model at the beginning of the study and there was no significant difference in analysis (P>0.05). After intervention, the mean scores of knowledge and model constructs, sensitivity, benefits, self-efficacy and behavior had significantly increased in the test group (P<0.05). The perceived barriers were significantly reduced in the test group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences between the perceived severity and the areas of practice according to the t-test results in both the experimental and control groups before and after the training (P>0.05). According to the results, education based on health belief model increases knowledge and practice in girls; so it is recommended to use this model in programs for the prevention.

In this study, effect of Fumaria officinalis extract, as a natural inhibitor, on the corrosion of carbon steel in hydrochloric acid solution has been studied by using electrochemical polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy methods. The results show that the Fumaria officinalis extract have 94.97% mean efficiency at 2.0 g/L concentrations which shows that this extract is a fairly good inhibitor. Polarization curves indicated that this inhibitor is a mixed (cathodic/ anodic) one. According to the obtained results, inhibition efficiency increases by increasing the inhibitor concentration. Investigation of the effect of temperature on the efficiency of the extract was done by electrochemical polarization method in the range of 35- 65°C which shows that efficiency of the extract decrease by increasing the temperature. Adsorption of inhibitor follows the Langmuir adsorption isotherm in this range of temperature. Thermodynamic adsorption parameters (Kads, ΔGads) of inhibitor were calculated by using the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The values of ΔGads for all temperatures were close to -16 kJ mol-1, which indicates the electrostatic adsorption (physical adsorption) of the extracts molecules on the surface of the metal. Activation parameters of the corrosion process such as activation energies, Ea, activation enthalpies, ΔH* and activation entropies, ΔS*, were calculated by the obtained corrosion rates at different temperatures. The amount of activation energy of the acid solution with the extract is larger than it without the extract which confirm that the adsorption is physical.

In this study, different electrochemical methods such as cyclic voltammetry, differential puls voltammetry, chronoamperometry, chronocoulometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used for electrochemical determination of tramadol using carbon paste electrode modified with V2O5 nanoparticles. A phosphate buffer of pH= 8 was used as a supporting electrolyte. Some parameters such as scan rate, step potential, pulse amplitude were changed to create optimal conditions. Linear calibration curves were obtained in the range of (0.1 µM-550 µM) with a detection limit of 0.013 µM. The modified electrode shows good selectivity with respect to tramadol in the presence of some interferences. The modified electrode was successfully used for determination of tramadol in real samples

The corrosion inhibition characteristics of two synthesized Schiff bases, namely N, N´-bis(2-hydroxy-6-nitrobenzaldehyde) benzidine  and N, N´-bis(salysylaldehyde) benzidine, on the mild steel corrosion in 2.0 M hydrochloric acid have been investigated by weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques. These studies were carried out at different concentrations, temperatures and durations. Polarization measurements indicate that the two inhibitors act as mixed type inhibitors. The adsorption of inhibitors obeys the Langmuir adsorption isotherm and the thermodynamic parameters (Ea, Kads, ΔG0ads) were calculated and discussed. Quantum chemical calculations were performed to provide further insight into the inhibition efficiencies determined experimentally.