فهرست مطالب سید رضا مهرنیا

The wind erosion and the resulted landforms are the dominant landscape in flat and deep plains of Iran dry areas (Yamani, 2015). The importance of wind erosion in the deserts differs due to great variances in wind power (Goudie, 2013). This type of erosion which is controlled by the erosivity power of wind and the erodibility of impacted surfaces (sharma, 2010), is dangerous for three reasons: 1, the nutritious elements of the soil are destroyed and as a result the soil loses its power for keeping a conservative vegetation layer (Thomas, 2011). The deposition of eroded sediments can bury vegetation and river channels, pollute food and water reserves and also negatively impact the growth of vegetation, soil fertility, and the dynamics of ecosystem (Larney, 1998y; Worster, 2004; McTainsh & Strong, 2007 ). The transportation of eroded sediments through powerful winds can bring damage to buildings and products and also trouble visibility in roads and airports (Thomas, 2011).

In first step, the impacted area of fault spring in Daranjir playa are identified based on satellite images, Geology maps and field observations. In the next step, 100 milliliter of water was sampled for chemistry analysis from active spring across Bafgh – Poshte-badam fault (Kor spring). Thus, to determine the water table, chemistry analysis of the sediment and water samples across Bafgh – Poshte-badam fault, 4 points were selected for drilling and the locations of bores were determined by GPS. To this end, the sampling procedure across the fault was conducted by a hand auger with the length of 20 cm and diameter of 7.5 cm. In sum, four water samples and 22 sediment samples were collected. In the geomorphology laboratory, initially the amounts of TDS, EC, and pH in the sample waters were measured by a multi parameter device, version HI9811-5. To measure the amounts of TDS, EC and pH in sand samples, saturated paste method was utilized. Here, the samples were initially dried in a drying device, and then 50 grams of each sample was measured with an accurate scale and mixed with 50 millimeters of distilled water. In the following step, the distilled water was mixed with sediment samples and the amounts of EC and TDS was measured using the multi parameter device and other devices.

The results suggest that the active tectonic performance across Bafgh-Posht badam fault not only result in the emergence of springs across the fault but also lead to the reduction of groundwater and the creation of a wet zone across the fault in Daranjir playa due to the penetration of water to the aquifer. This wet zone across the studied fault caused a significant growth of shrubs and Tamarix mascatensis, and reduced the speed of wind in the examined area. Regarding this Pye & Tsoar and state that in desert areas the salinity degree of groundwater has an important role in the transformation and distribution of deserts’ vegetation. The analyses of the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of groundwater across Bafgh- Posht badam fault show that the minimum water table, TDS and EC across the fault are ,respectively. In fact, by injecting fresh water across the fault, the fault springs not only reduce the salinity of groundwater but also raise the the water table across the mentioned fault and bring the transportation of the sediments to a minimum level. As for this case, Silva et al., (2018) state that in areas with high water tables, the sand sources are limited and consequently the transportation of sediments reduces. Moreover, Kocurek & Nielson concluded that high water tables can reduce the transportable sediment by conserving surface moisture. In addition to the formation of vegetation, the increase of water level across the fault, the creation and change of Nebkha formation location are the main effects of spring faults which have a crucial role in controlling wind sediments. As a matter of fact, the fresh water of springs results in the formation of vegetation and this vegetation captures wind sediments and forms Nebkhas.

The results of this study show the strike-slip movement of Bafgh – Poshte-badam fault and the emergence of fault springs have a key role in controlling wind erosion and formation of eaolian landforms in Dar-Anjir playa. Indeed, the fault springs control the wind erosion in the present case study in three ways: 1: the formation of wet zone creates various types of vegetation and reduces wind speed in surface, 2: the raising of water table across Bafgh – Poshte-badam fault and the increase of the moisture surface impede the movement of sediment by wind and 3: With formation of nebkhas causes the aeoilan sediment accumulation around Shrubs.

Ramand area is located 80 km south of Qazvin province, northwest of central Iran. The area is part of the magmatic belt of Orumiyeh- Doktar of the structural zones of Iran. The host rocks of the area consist of rhyodacite, rhyolites, rhyodacite tuff, crystalline tuffs and rhyodacite flow lavas. The pyroclastic and volcanic units are interrupted by major faults such as Korcheshmeh fault, Hassanabad fault and sub-faults that have a northwest-southeast extension. The main minerals of these rocks include K-feldspar, quartz, albite, biotite and rock fragments (in tuffs) with micro-granular - microporphyrite textures. The extensive alterations in the study area are argillic and silicifications. Pyrite, hematite and goethite are the main ore minerals of these rocks. The texture of these minerals is disseminated (primary) and of supergene replacement type to chloroform (secondary). Pyrites vary in size from coarsed to very fine in subhedral to unhedral forms scattered along fracture surfaces. The results obtained by capillary electrophoresis analysis shows that the pyrite minerals of these rocks contain of nanoparticles gold.

Ramand area is located about 80 km south of Qazvin Province, northwest of Central Iran. The study area is a part of the magmatic belt of Orumieh-Dokhtar of the structural zones of Iran. The area consists of rhyodacitic igneous rocks, rhyolite, rhyodacitic tuff, crystalline tuffs and rhyodacitic flow lavas. The pyroclastic and volcanic units are interrupted by major faults such as Korcheshmeh and Hassanabad faults as well as sub-faults with a northwest-southeast trending. The most important alterations in the area includes sericitization, argilitization and hematization. The main ore minerals include pyrite, oxides and iron hydroxides. The most associated gangue minerals are quartz, potassium feldspar, albite and rock fragments in tuffs. In order to determine the properties of mineralizing fluids, fluid inclusions within quartz were analyzed, which are closely associated with gold mineralization in the area. The results of these analyzes show that the salinity of the fluids involved in the quartz minerals varies between 2 and 11.7 wt% NaCl equivalent. Also homogenization temperature of fluid inclusions for quartz varies between 141 and 230 0C. Most of the fluid inclusions in these veins are liquid double phase (L+V) and have sizes smaller than 20 micron. The analytical results of the analyzed samples show low temperature and salinity range which is consistence with metamorphism and basin brine sources. The fluid inclusions, mineralogical and geochemical data show that the gold mineralization in the Ramand area is similar to Epithermal type.

The Kushk-e-Bahram Manto type copper deposit is located in the central Iran zone and   is Uremia-Dokhtar Magmatic Arc (UDMA) belt which includes copper porphyry deposits and related mineralization types, including the Manto type copper deposits (Jebeli et al., 2018a, b). Based on the type of mineralization and the presence of sulfides, high electrical conductivity (low electrical resistivity) can be detect in this deposit such as the Manto type deposits (Mehrnia, 2013., Mehrnia, 2016., Teymoorian Motlagh et al., 2012). On the other hand, Induced Polarization (IP) and electrical resistivity (RS) were used in the Kushk-e-Bahram deposit.

The relationship between geoelectrical parameters and the mineralization process were recognized in geophysical assessments of the Kushk-e-Bahram de posit. It is necessary to obtain information about the shape and distribution of the orebody. According to exploratory data of the Kushk-e-Bahram deposit (Jebeli et al., 2018a, b), Cu mineralization has been extended. Therefore, the location and number of geoelectrical profiles were selected, based on previous studies which was generated in the ArcGIS software. The exchanges in the RS and IP values were measured, along three profiles (P1, P2, P3) and Dipole-Dipole arrangement with electrode distance of 10 meters. The device type used is WDJD-3 and 1620 harvest points were surveyed. IP–RS profiles with azimuth 30 to 40 degrees were used in order to identify mineralization areas based on the highest variability of conductivity and load-bearing properties.  Moreover, they were designed and surveyed perpendicular to the mineralization process of the area. Considerations were taken into account based on the location of trenches and the mineralization sequence of this area. The P1 and P2 profiles with an approximate length of one kilometer and P3 profile with an approximate length of 370 m were designed and harvested under a 30 degree azimuth.

In this research study, a number of geoelectrical sections were selected and their surface changes in a two-dimensional environment were refined and internalized by the algorithm used in the diffraction-distance distribution function. According to the position of P1 and P2 profiles, all three quantities of RS, IP and self-Potential have been interpolated to match the alteration zones and faults of the study area in the P3. The quantity of Spontaneous Potential (SP) is not measured and it just suffices to internalize specific electrical changes and IP and their conformity with the effects of alteration and faults in the region. Interpolation of geo-electrical data by the inverse distance weighting estimation method and nearest neighborhood algorithms were carried out (Mehrnia, 2016; Teymoorian Motlagh et al., 2012).Based on the fractal dimension, four targets around the P1 and P2 profiles and eight priorities have been identified around the P3 profile. Based on the results, geo-electrical data distribution pattern was obtained using diffraction-distance model and changes in the fractal dimension of electrical resistivity, induced polarization and self-generating electric potential according to the differences of the fractal dimensions for IP, RS and SP in the Kushk-e-Bahram deposit. It is necessary to interpret geo-electrical sections based on fractal dimension exchanges to avoid the oblique error caused by the fitting of disproportionate quantities as much as possible. Consequently, exchanges in the level of electrical resistivity and induced polarization were calculated. There is no corresponding trend along P1 and P2 profiles. Thus, the results of the diffraction-distance model were correlated with mineralization potential in the depth of the deposit. Continuation of exploration activities (detailed phase) along the P1, P2 and P3 profiles are suggested. Based on inferring from the  Brownian mechanism distribution of electrical resistivity quantities and inductive polarization, priority of P1 and P2 profiles with vein and disseminated mineralization in P3 profile is obtained.

Calamine Zn-Pb deposit (Mehdiabad, Yazd, Central Iran) is a mineable nonsulfide mineralization, located in the upper part of a volcano-sedimentary basin at intersection with erosion surfaces. From statistical viewpoint, geochemical distributions of trace elements due to volcanic-exhalative processes, may naturally be predominated by self-organized zonation in ore mineralized regions (Cheng et al., 2000; Mehrnia, 2017). Therefore, attention is paid to nonlinear distribution of particular elements to finding their spatial relations with concealed ore mineralization for prospecting sedimentary-hosted exhalative deposit (SEDEX). In this way, calculation and analysis of statistical coefficients is a necessary stage for prospection of the inter-relation of typomorphic elements. In cases where the erosion surfaces result in redistribution of supra ore elements, the approach of linear regression coefficient is not recommended, because progressive weathering usually hides the natural zonality of elements, as an expected criterion for hypogenic mineralization (Hassani-Pak, 2012). Our research approach which is to find a proper zonality of elements is based on nonlinear assessment of geochemical distributions for a case of epigenetic mineralization that seems to be related to deep/concealed SEDEX deposits.

Current research uses a variance-distance equation to modify the linear regression results as follows:  (1)where Log (Vx) and Log (Dvx) are the logarithms of variances and distances respectively; and FD is the fractal dimension. A log-log plot is used to illustrate Vx and Dvx changes on horizontal (X) and vertical (Y) axes to obtain a distribution’s density function. By statistical concepts, FD is an independent variable from the central tendencies as well as distribution parameters. Meanwhile, a self-organizing property of geochemical distributions is geometrically dependent on fractal dimension changes on power-law’s log-log plots. For obtaining the natural geochemical zonation of Calamine’s path-finder elements, a set of lithogeochemical data has been used. Consequently, a total of 180 litho-samples of Calamine region were collected and interpolated to find the anomalous populations. A GIS-based software (Spatial Analyst) was used here to obtain geometric and statistical quantities which are necessary for variance-distance equation (Teymoorian-Motlagh et al., 2012). This soft-package works on ArcMap with the ability to export summarized data to other supplementary software packages such as Excel which are used to complete and present V-D log-log plots.At the second step, we used fractal dimension changes to identify the Brownian surfaces of elements. This surface usually contains a set of paragenetic elements which are found together within several correlated zonations with respect to their rate of activities in magmatic environments. A Brownian surfaces is formed of particular geometric locations of self-similar populations. When it changes between 2.5>FD>2, it represents scale-invariant continuity of distributions (Thorarinsson and Magnusson, 1990). In other word, this surface denotes the tendency of trace-elements to nonlinear distributions and it is geometrically related to a probable phase of mineralization in some epigenetic ore deposits.

Based on a variance-distance model for Calamine’s indicative and path-finder elements, six target areas are presented in a contoured prognostic map, which contains As, Zn, Cr, Sb, S, Co, Cu, Pb, Ni and Ag in a sequent. Order of this sequent is based on geometry of their Brownian surfaces.  The largest surface belongs to As while the smallest one belongs to Ag and Cd. Among the elements which have reached the Brownian surface, As, Sb and Zn shared similar fractal parameters and extended at the background of other elements. Cr was the only element which did not follow the As, Sb and Zn backgrounds, because its geometrical location is independent of other elements. The mentioned target-areas which are marked on the prognostic map, have different scoring of mineralization potentials that is prioritized by considering zonation peculiarities of elements on fractal surfaces.  

Fractal relationship of elements is conceptually different from what is generally stated in statistical models. Therefore, many elements which have desirable linear correlation with each other (relatively good condition for path-finding), are unfavorable as V-D models and vice versa. From a nonlinear perspective, a Poisson distribution is the most important criterion for analyzing coherency of elements in hypogenic environments. As a final result, we have illustrated that Brownian surfaces in As, Zn and Sb are extended well in the central and southeastern parts of Calamine, marking a proper relation of the structures with the host units during exhalative activities of the region. The high amount of these elements compared to the background indicates the effect of fluid flows and the penetration of mineralizing solutions under a supergene condition of the mine as well opening the fractures and fault systems.

In this paper, a power-law relation modeling called the vario-fractal model is introduced in order to understand the discrepancies between the linear and non-linear distribution of the elements and its application for mineral exploration in the calamine Zn-Pb ore-deposit. From a hypothetical viewpoint, since geochemical zonation of the supra- and sub-ore elements is a crucial evaluation criterion for concealed/underlying mineralization potentials, this hypothesis can be tested by delineating the fractal surfaces of elements as the geometric evidence of primary geochemical zonation of elements in the calamine mine. A comparison of the linear regression results with the Poisson distribution coefficients indicate the relative tendency of the elements towards a non-linear distribution. Therefore, a logarithmic equation derived from the variance-distance relationship (power-law) is used here for the delineation of fractal surfaces of elements as the geometric features related to proper self-organized distributions. In this research work, the vario-fractal expression of geochemical zonation has trace-element tendencies to the non-linear distribution. The results obtained show that the calamine’s fractional surfaces are mostly of self-organized types, situated at 2 < FD < 3 as "real fractal surfaces", although 3 of the elements appear in the quasi-fractal populations called "near Brownies” here. Moreover, the calamine’s fractal surfaces can be extended throughout the anomalous regions or may be distributed as limited types of the finalized model, which is a fractal-based pattern of geochemical zonation of the elements for evaluation of the hypogenic mineralization potential and has been prioritized to 6 target-areas containing 10 elements with real fractal surfaces and 3 more at near Brownies and then validated by the mineralogical evidence.

Research on ancient and recent global environmental change has mainly been based on natural records, such as those preserved in ice cores, loess deposits, tree rings, corals, stalagmites, and deep-sea and lake sediments (Li et al, 2014). These records have been used to reconstruct the Earth’s past climate, environment, and ecological history (Zhou, 2006). However, in the arid and semi-arid desert regions that are an important part of Earth’s system, the difficulty in finding highresolution natural records has made research on environmental changes in these regions lag behind research in other areas (Xia, 2005). Nebkhas are fixed aeolian landform which are formed around Shrubs and trees in dry and semiarid areas as a result of the aggregation of aeolian sediments (Cooke et al, 1993). The unique developmental and depositional characteristics of nebkhas make them ideal carriers of proxies that can be used to study late-Holocene regional aeolian activity, the alternation between dry and wet conditions, hydrological characteristics, the ecological environment, and their evolution in arid and semi-arid desert regions (Wang et al, 2004; Hesp and Mclachlan, 2000; Wolf et al, 2000 )

In the first step, according to satellite google earth images and field observations an area with a dimension of 400 * 400 meters was specified. In the next step, the existing Nebkhas near the specified area whose vegetation was at least covering between 85 to 95 percent of the deposits were numbered. Then, through MATLAB and Random order, four Nebkhas were randomly selected. In the following stage morphometric parameters such as the height, width, Length, and the height of the Shrubs was measured. Afterwards, using field instruments, the nebkha selected for intensive analysis was excavated from its crest to its base, and sediments were sampled at 5-cm intervals throughout the profile. Overall, 79 samples from 4 Nebkhas were taken and transferred to the geomorphology laboratory for the purpose of determining organic matter and geain size of the sediments. To determine the grain size of the sediments hydrometric and granulometric methods were employed. The geain size results were analyzed in GRADISTAT4.0 and RockWorks software with Folk (1954) method. The measurement of organic matter in this study was done according to loss on ignition (LOI) method when the samples were heated at 550 °C for 2 h (Qiang et al, 2013).

The results of analyzing the organic matter of the Nebkhas’ sediments show that despite the fact the content of the organic matter during the formation of Nebkhas showed a significant change, the content of the organic matter of lower layers’ Nebkhas was higher compared to other layers, indicating a drier environmental condition after the formation of Nebkhas. The findings of the geain size of sediments show that although the threshold speed of past winds had some fluctuations in the studied area, in the upper layers of all Nebkahs a significant aggregation of higher than 250 micron sediments was observed. The findings obtained from the fluctuations of the relative speed of wind threshold based on the diameter of sediment particles in the studied area demonstrated that the size of different particles in the layers of Nebkhas of the studied area show the fluctuation of wind energy when the Nebkhas were formed.

The results of organic matter showed that in the initial stages of the formation of Nebkhas, the studied area had a suitable condition regarding the amount of water for the growth  Shrubs which cover Nebkhas but in the course of time the aridity level of the area increased. Moreover, the findings of geain size of the sediments suggested that the aggregation particles which were larger than 250 microns in the upper layers of the nebkhas was the result of human activities such as abandoning farm lands and withering of palm trees. As a result, the threshold speed decrease of wind erosion and deflation of larger particles has occurred in the studied area. In sum, the findings showed that the studied Nebkhas are relatively exact proxies which can provide us with significant insights with regard to environmental changes in the area.

In this research, Geophysical methods Ground Penetration Radar (GPR) and Geoelectric have been used to detect hidden Quaternary faults in alluvial sediments located southwest of Chitgar Forest Park (District 22 of Tehran). The study of profiles (GPR) identified areas such as fault. The results obtained from two Geoelectric profiles indicate that there are two zones with low electrical resistance and high electrical resistance. Reduce the electrical resistance in the sediments of the area can be related to factors such as the existence of non-weathered rocks, the air inside the sediments, fine-grained sediments and being a forest of the study area, due to irrigation of trees and rainwater penetration underground. High electrical resistivity indicates crushing of rocks by fault activity, coarse-grained and dry sediment. The results of the methods used in this research indicates that there is a fault zone with an approximate length of 140 m. Considering the structural trends of most of the faults identified, it is very likely that the faults will continue along the upper part of the Chitgar Park. Due to the seismic potential and vulnerability of residential structures, especially in the north and northwest of the study area, the results of this research are important. Its use is recommended for analyzing tectonic hazards and improving the quality of thematic maps.

In this research, we have used ASTER-Terra satellite images were used for spatial analysis of Abgarm geothermal basin to study travertine formation of the north west of Qazvin. All Synthetic photo-maps generated with band Ratios and PCA applied in images for introducing the location of hydrothermal alterations. Remotely sensed evidences indicate the patches of iron oxides and hydroxides mineral facies in aggregation with clayey minerals as a common mineralization sequence in hydrothermal environment. Many of geological features and Aster- sets such as faults, lineaments and multispectral images have been used and processed for potential mapping of Abgarm mineralization with focuses on formation of solution-related Travertines locations as well as preparing a Fuzzy-based prognostic map for exploration. As a rule, in the membership functions, many of weighted variables were used before scoring them according to spatial data modeler algorithms applied in lithological evidences (on the basis of diversities in sexes and ages) as well as weighting the structures (on the basis of densities). Also, all evidences were integrated with changes in geological formations according to “And” operator applied. Our innovative results not only represented several patterns of the hidden structures but indicated their associations with spatially altered formations. Moreover, a fuzzy-based gamma operator was used for final mapping of Abgarm Travertines based on our future plan for geochemical explorations.

About 1/4th of the world deserts is covered with Aeolian sand (McKee, 1979; Ghadiry et al., 2012). Sand dunes are considered as one of the most important geomorphic features of such environments the formation of which shows the abundant resources of sand, the sand-moving powerful wind and the suitable conditions for sediment deposit (Tsoar, 2001; Michel et al, 2018). The most significant feature of these landforms is their dynamics (Maghsoudi et al, 2017) and The dimensions of these landforms is a function of parameters like sand origin, wind power, wind aspect, the amount of particles carried and time (Ahmadi, 2008). Considering the controlling elements of sand dunes, the depth of groundwater and surface moisture are determining elements in specifying the amount of portable deposits and the formation of sand dunes (Hesp, 2000; Bauer et al, 2009; Poortinga et al, 2015; Silva et al, 2018). As a matter of fact, the high water tables limit the movement of sands (Arens, 1996; Oblinger and Anthony, 2008). In the first stage, two neighboring sites covered by sand dunes were selected based on Google Earth satellite images and field observations. In the second stage, after georeferencing aerial photos taken in 1967 and the satellite images taken in 2017, the rate of sand dune movements was determined and using Transec tool their movement rate with a distance of 1 meter was calculated by GIS software. In each site, regarding the location of the sand dunes and transects, four borings were located for drilling in a field operation and the status and height of the borings was determined by GPS. After the collection of sediment samples, each sample was completely mixed and 100 grams of each sample was taken for chemical analyses. After moving from the depth of groundwater, the depth of the water was measured by a tape measure in each bore. Then, 100 millimeters of water was collected by a water sample collector device for doing experiment. In the geomorphology laboratory, initially the amounts of TDS, EC, and pH in the sample waters were measured by a multi parameter device, version HI9811-5. To measure the amounts of TDS, EC and pH in sediment samples, saturated paste method was utilized. Here, the samples were initially dried in a drying device, and then 50 grams of each sample was measured with an accurate scale and mixed with 50 millimeters of distilled water. In the following step, the distilled water was mixed with sediment samples and the amounts of EC and TDS was measured using the multi parameter device and other devices. The analyses results of sand dune movement in case study indicate average, minimum and maximum of sand dunes movement are respectively 22.91 m, 0.11 m, 51.24 m in the first site and 11.74 m, 0.01 m, 41.6 m in the second site within 50 years. The result also indicate average of sand dune movement rate in site 1 (0.45 m in year) with Haloxylon vegetation is nearly double of site 2 (0.23 m in year) which haven’t any vegetation. The results of examinations on the qualitative nad quantitative features of the groundwater indicated that the average of ground water depth, TDS, and EC are respectively 1.25 m, 8595 ppm, 17280 µS/cm in the first site and 0.71m, 12990 ppm, and 26160 µS/cmin the second site. The finding of sample sediment analyses shows that the lowest degree of salinity belongs to the sediments of 80-100 depth in the first bore Of the first site with an amount of 840 ppm and 1820 µS/cm and the highest 11900 ppm and 23870 µS/cm belongs to the depth of 0-20 in the bore 2 of the second site. The obtained results indicate that the relative difference in sand dune movements of the two neighboring sites is caused by the hydrologic conditions of the area. In other words, the quantity and quality of groundwater have influenced the rate of sand dune movements in two different ways. In the first site, the existence of groundwater with a lower salinity has resulted in the formation of vegetation and reduced the speed of sand dune movements. However, in the second site high water tables, high Capillary action power,  and high salinity have led to a lower rate of sand dune movements compared to that of the first site.

The Geology sheet of Bandar Anzali on the southwest of Caspian contains parts of the Alborz and Kopet Dagh and Caspian. Plane which has possible of following one types of epithermal gold (presence of granite intrusive bodies, siliceous and argillitic alloys) As it is important to identify the effective factors in the formation of a deposit in obtaining promising areas, the way to integrate the information layers and how to weigh them into these parameters is also has particular importance. For this purpose, exploratory studies to track the mineral prospecting areas were done on 1:100,000 sheet of Bandar- Anzali using a combination of exploratory data including Geological, Geo-chemical, Geo-physical and satellite data in the GIS environment. Therefore, after extensive research, the Index Overlay modeling method, a simple method, is selected and used in the integration of information. The result of these studies was the preparation of a map of promising mineral areas of epithelial gold. Using the final map derived from the combination of different heuristic data, the three regions as the promising areas of the region, respectively, are the priority of the region, the Gasht, Siahmezgi and Masouleh Khani area The Bandar Anzali sheet was introduced which should be visited and sampled in order to control the promising areas.

Complete recognition of exploration criteria is considered as an important step in the systematic and scientific analysis of mineral potential mapping. The starting point of this analysis is recognition of the mineral potentials and the mechanism of their formation in different geological areas. In order to achieve such goals we can benefit from the known mineralization information. Integrating and analyzing all the data in the geographic information systems (GIS) can lead to the identification of promising mineral areas for future studies (San Soleimani et al., 2011). GIS can be used to organize, process, analyze and integrate the results of geological, geochemical and geophysical, tectonic and alteration studies in order to identify and evaluate the potential of different minerals (Bonham Carter, 1998). The aim of this paper is to apply the fuzzy integration method in GIS with using all the information, without the need to simplify them, in less time and with acceptable accuracy in order to recognize mineral potentials in the Ramand region. Investigation of mineral potentials in this area with using fuzzy logic in addition to the scientific-research aspects, can provide the discovery of appropriate patterns for other mineral resources in Iran.

The first step in any exploration project is that mapping is done with the aim of optimal potential to provide a model for the exploration of possible deposits in the region. This process in next steps will be continued with an extraction of useful information from various data that are contained in the database and this done work is done based on the properties of the elements under prospecting and the relevant exploration models. However, in the final stage, the combination of these maps is based on different models (Bonham Carter, 1998). The pre-requisite for the production of the mineral potential map, is to determine the weight and value which reflects the relative importance of the data classification (Hosseinali and Alesheikh, 2008). According to the study's default that is modeling with using fuzzy logic, a range of values between zero and one can be used to express the degree or the value of a collection (Novriadi and Darijanto, 2006) This is such that zero means lack of full membership and value of one is meant to be a full member of the collection. So, other set members can also be allocated values between zero and one and based on the degree of their membership to the set. So, it can be said that in the mining exploration, membership values are used to indicate the relative importance of each map as well as the relative importance of each class of a single map (Bonham Carter, 1998). Exploratory layers produced in GIS (in the fuzzy theory section), appear in the role of fuzzy sets and are combined by fuzzy operators (Table 1). The combining layers in the fuzzy method express the concept from the optimal options.

In this study, some of the geo-referenced data consisting of geological data, remote sensing, tectonic and geophysical data have been used. Geological data for separate lithological units in the region and the identification of faults, remote sensing data to identify hydrothermal alterations and fault lineaments and airborne geophysical data in order to detect magnetic fault lineaments and check the changes of magnetic susceptibility related to hydrothermal alterations are used so that after collecting and entering data, processing the necessary studies has been carried out on them. Finally, by combining the results of each layer and giving the fuzzy weighting to them based on their importance in mineralization and the use of the fuzzy algorithm and gamma (the fuzzy operator) in GIS, the final map is obtained to identify the potential areas with using it in the Ramand region. The possibility to acquire the exploration pattern of base and precious metals is provided in the mineral-prone areas.

In this study, there was a lot of exploration of information such that the decision to determine the potential points and continuing the exploration activities had been made very difficult. Thus, with use of the fuzzy integration method in GIS, all of the information were managed without any need to simplify them, in less time and with acceptable accuracy. Fuzzy logic is a method based on expert knowledge that is used for integration of exploration data and producing the optimal potential map of the Ramand regional reserves. It points to promising and priority areas for accurate and detailed information. Therefore, it is better to carry out exploration operations and reduces the cost and time as well as expedition to decision-making. And accuracy is very effective.

Nebkhas, as one of the Eoelian Landforms in dry and semi-dry areas, have significant influence in controlling aeolian erosion and the environment stability. The main question of this study concerns different morphometry of nebkhas in two neighbor sites in Daranjir playa and the main factors which control these landforms. area special properties, the variety  of  hydrogeology properties, and the locality difference of nebkha morphomrtry introduce the  hypothesis  which hydrogeology properties have direct influence on nebkha morphomrtry. To attain this aim, remote sensing techniques, field data and geochemistry analysis have been used. Therefore, initially two sites which had  nebkha different vegetations were detached. In the next stage, nebkhas morphometry parameters in each site were measured. Thus utilizing hand auger, 8 bores were dug  with an average depth of 2.60 meters and sediment samples were collected.  The dig with hand  auger was achieved to Water table (an average 2.06 m) and was measured Water table for each bore. In addition, in each bore 300 millilitres of water was collected for chemical analysis through water sample collector device. Altogether, 46 sediment samples from the first site, 58 sediment samples from the second site and 8 water samples from eight bores were collected. After transferring the samples to geomorphology laboratory, the chemical analysis of water samples was carried out through a multi parameter device, version HI9811-5. Following that, by taking the saturated paste of sediment samples, the amounts of TDS, EC, pH were measured. The results of examinations on the qualitative nad quantitative features of the groundwater indicated that the average of ground water depth, TDS, and EC are respectively 1.69 m, 18850 ppm, 37750 µS/cm in the first site and 2.44m, 27500 ppm, and 54950 µS/cmin the second site. The chemical analysis of sample sediments indicated that the salinity of the sediments is influenced by the depth and quality of ground water, respectively. Overall, the findings show that the hydrogeology properties of the examined sites are not only the main factor in the formation  of Nebkhas, but also in control of the morphometric properties of Nebkhas.

The Marjan Abad zinc and lead mine has been affected by fault and tectonic zones and the mineralization are mainly located along the fault zones. Rocks of the area are mainly rhyolite, dacite with small amounts of andesite. Basalt consists of kind of alkaline to calc-alkaline. streak texture which is the main texture of this deposit. Gravity and magnetic anomalies are observed in this area that are the result of effects of tectonic structures and mineralization in between streaks. Rocks in the region are often acidic. As it is recognized, using geophysical data and field studies for mineral prospecting can be important, as magnetic and gravity anomalies overlap in four regions. The deposits usually have overlapping magnetic and gravity anomalies.
The mineral deposits, found by the geophysical anomalies, are due to post-magmatic activated in Cenozoic, as the area includes sub-volcanic igneous masses. The area has been affected by hydrothermal solutions with alteration halos that led to the formation of minerals along the streaks.
There deposits are similar to MVT deposits as there are extremely low intensity areas of magnetic and gravity anomalies, shown on GIS maps prepared for the region. Such maps are overlaid with geological maps with faults locations to find the areas with mineral deposits, that include four regions. The areas of the deposits are found from the spatial intensity changes of gravity and magnetic anomalies. The lineaments based on magnetic anomalies have two directions, namely along the northwest-southeast and northeast-southwest. The gravity anomalies however show an east-west direction.
According to the pictures, evident polarization in the magnetic field and less tangible polarization in the gravitational field do not show obvious changes in the contour maps. The first derivative operations highlight the high and low-intensity areas in the magnetic field and the gravitational field. According to this image the first derivative operations have similar results on both magnetic and gravity anomalies. The first derivatives of the anomaly fields show the spatial distributions of gravity and magnetic fields. By putting these images on the pattern of faulting and geological maps, it is clear that multiple gravity and magnetic lineaments match with the locus of regional faults. There is also a significant relationship between the mineral masses and the magmatic rocks in the area.

A borderline destructive earthquake (M: 7.3) hints the urban regions of Ezgeleh, Sar-Pol-Zahab and Ghasre-Shirin in Kermanshah province  (western part of Iran) and left more than 600 kills, hundreds of injured peoples and building damages in 12 November 2017. In this research, I have used Fibonacci numbers to set 117 years epicenters (USGS catalogue, 1900-2017) based on a post predictive model contained the main and aftershocks of this region. This scenario reveals unique geometrical associations (30 and 137.5 degrees) between the recent epicenters and more than one century seismic onsets according to triangular-circular distributions. The primary results showed that Kermanshah epicenters tend to be patterned by golden shapes and golden angles in self-organized geometrical distributions. Also many of Ezgeleh aftershocks illustrate spiral distribution that is because of their inherent association with fault systems. As the final result, a forecast map issued in the end of research to realize the spatial hazard assessments and prognosis of seismic potentials based on Fibonacci simulation of the aftershock locations.    

Leonardo Fibonacci was a famous Italian scientist introduced a numerical sequence was known as “Fibonacci Number” in his book released in 1202 [1]. This is a series of numbers where a number is found by adding up the two numbers before it. Starting with 0 and 1, the sequence goes 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, and so forth. Written as a rule, the expression is:
 
(1)
Where, Fn is obtained Fibo-number and Fn-1 , Fn-2 are two sequences before Fn respectively [2].
Both real sets and integer sequences of Fibo-numbers have impressed many of natural phenomena and therefore known as the mathematical keys for terrestrial and infra-terrestrial solutions. For instance, earthquakes and climate changes are two main threats have close relationships with golden spiral distribution as a result of spatio-temporal evolutions in nature.
A simple sequence of Fibo-numbers is shown as below:1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, …, Fn
In above sequence, a ratio of (Fn/Fn-1) gives constant value (golden ratio, Ҩ) equal with 1.618.

(2)
This ratio has important roles in bio-creatures. Also it plays a global game in galactic strategies for expansion. From geological point of view, many of mantle related geodynamics have been regulated by Ҩ to prompt the self-organized patterns of the crustal appearances. As a rule of geometrical properties, golden ratio gives rise to producing golden shapes such as triangles, circles and rectangles. Golden triangles have two isosceles with exactly 36 degree of angle between the isosceles. Golden circles consist of two unequal arcs which one of them has golden angle equal with 137.5 degrees. Golden rectangles are usual natural patterns mostly studied by geoscientists [3]. As it is shown in Figure1, seismic events and their focal mechanisms are relevant examples from golden rectangles with affinity of the events to spiral distributions.
 
Fig. 1. Spiral distribution of natural events (such as earthquakes) in golden rectangles
A simple consideration for geometrical behavior of earthquakes is golden triangular distribution which can be modified as golden Pentagon-Gnomons and extended toward golden decagons (resemble to circles) around the huge events (such as Ezgeleh earthquake) (Figure2).
 
Fig. 2. Triangular-Decagonal distributions in nature (ratio a/b = Ҩ)

Here, a Post Prediction of Earthquake (PPE) is well done by applying Fibonacci numbers into USGS catalogue. Natural earthquakes usually distributed in spirals and used for spatial interpretations [3]. At least, 117 years backgrounds of seismic events (USGS, 1900-2017), provide this unique opportunity to answer the question of “where is the next destructive earthquake in the regional or local scales?”
It means, with a dense and accurate catalogue, scientists will be able to predict location of the future earthquakes and Fibonacci-based techniques have closely impressions to revealing the imitation games of the nature as an important key for earthquake prediction [3,4]. According to PPE, a main shock event not only initialized post seismic processes, but is relevant to middle or long term catalogues as a regional Fibonacci variable. In practice, seismic databases from west of Iran including epicenters [5], interferogram [6] and structural lineaments [6,5], have been gridded by GIS facilities to illustrate the possible golden peculiarities of the recent earthquakes.            

Ezgeleh event ( 2017-11-12) seems to be initial point for long ranges of post seismic events, which many of them should be considered as Ezgeleh aftershocks. In figure3, a significant spiral distribution can be seen in near territory of Ezgeleh epicenter. Also in this Figure, we can find an obvious golden circle within the radius lesser than 20 Km from main shock event.
 
Fig. 3. A: aftershock spiral distribution (golden rectangle) next to golden circle of the main and before shock events   B: geometrical properties of golden triangle in lesser 20 Km from main shock epicenter (Red Point).
As a primary result, above mentioned facts indicate a natural distribution of all seismic events in western part of Iran. For the second, spatial assessment of 117 years magnitudes (since 1900), provides spatial hazardology of the Kermanshah earthquakes based on post predictive algorithm [7]. In other word, Ezgeleh earthquake is a dependent spatial variable to post seismic events as well as its dependency to foreshocks in the catalogue.

-This research introduced a Fibonacci method for evaluation and analysis of 117 years Kermanshah earthquakes as an active seismic zone in western part of Iran.
-  Spatial hazardology of Ezgeleh event, indicates a long distance association of Kermanshah post-seismic traces with other Seismogenic traces within 100 Km from 7.3 main shock epicenter (Figure4).
- Rectangular distribution of earthquakes, make an easier and accurate forecasting of future events (usually means aftershocks) and other post seismic activities originate from Ezgeleh event in golden radiuses (Figure 5). 
 
 
Fig. 4. Regional golden circles around Ezgeleh seismic event (Nov. 2017) according to regular (blue) and random (gray Fibonacci sequences) [8] .
 
Fig. 5. A Fibonacci based spatial hazardology of Ezgeleh earthquake (12 Nov. 2017)

The study area is located in the geological map of Avaj at 1: 100,000 scale. Also, the exploration area of Kharroud is over 550 km2 in Qazvin province. The Kharroud River is 217 km in length. This area is located between two structural-sedimentary zones of central Iran and the Sanandaj-Sirjan, which has the geological characteristics of both zones. Therefore, the area is very varied in lithology; types of metamorphic rocks of the upper Triassic and Jurassic, Tertiary magmatic series, and various types of sedimentary and chemical sedimentary rocks of different ages from Paleozoic to Neocene on the river flow path or at the surface of the drainage basin outcropped. The morphology many of the surface landforms is result of two groups of factors that group is trying to create heights and roughness of the earth, and other factors try to erode the same roughness. Using morphotectonic science and assess of morphotectonic indices, can be conclude that in the particular region, the forms of the earth's surface are influenced by which factors. This case study was carried out on the upper part of the Kharroud River in Qazvin province. Using the digital elevation model, the basin and sub-basins watersheds related to the Kharroud River was extracted. Then, using elevation data, the stream length-gradient (SL), Topographic Symmetry Index (AF), hypsometric curve and hypsometric integral were calculated for the study area. The results show that the upper part of the catchment Kharroud area is a region in which orogeny tectonic forces have reached balanced with erosion factors and the region has matured morphologically. In addition, the neotectonic activity of the region is low based on this index and the region is in the class of areas with low neotectonic activity.

Tekieh Lead-Zinc ore deposit that is located in the Sanandaj-Sirjan structural zone has been recognized as one of the most important mineralized regions in Malayer-Isfahan metallogenic sub-state, south east of Arak (Momenzadeh and Ziseman, 1981). Carbonate host units have been developed along (or across) the Vishan-Tekieh anticline as the main structure extended in NW-SE trends (Annells et al, 1985). According to geochemical investigations (Salehi, 2004), the element content of the mineralized regions has originated from Alpine post-volcanisms and subsequently it has migrated toward early Cretaceous formations (dolomitic limestones) among several hypogenic stages (Torkashvand et al., 2009). Also echelon type structures consisting of folded systems and inversed faulting of structures are the most common features in western and eastern parts of ore deposit regions (Annells et al, 1985). Syngenetic enrichments beside limited (rarely developed) epigenetic mineralization have been known as two main phases which are closely relevant to ore forming processes in the massive lenses and vein type occurrences, respectively (Momenzadeh and Ziseman, 1981).
Material and In this research, two statistical techniques that consist of classical and fractal equations (Mandelbrot, 2005) were applied in geochemical (Torkashvand et al., 2009) and geophysical (Jafari, 2007) databases for obtaining the linear and nonlinear distributions of geochemical elements (Tekieh Pb-Zn content) in association with resistivity variations and induction polarization measurements (Calagari, 2010). According to linear statistical techniques (Torkashvand et al., 2009), the main central parameters such as mean, median and mode in addition to variances and standard deviations as distribution tendencies could be used for obtaining the regression coefficients of the databases. However, in fractal statistics, a reliable regression between geoelectrical - geochemical anomalies should be calculated based on measuring the fractal dimensional variations in the recursive patterns (Mehrnia, 2013). In practice, the Area-Concentration equations (Mandelbrot, 2005) were applied in resistivity, induction polarization, Pb and Zn datasets for achieving the nonlinear relationships in anomalous regions which were characterized by increasing in regression coefficients with more spatial correlation of the variable than linear statistics (Mehrnia, 2013).
This research showed that both linear and nonlinear statistics are able to estimate the spatial association of geochemical anomalies with geophysical variables. A meaningful increase in the regression coefficient was also revealed after measuring the self-similar peculiarities of concentration values on gridded plots (Salehi, 2004; Torkashvand et al., 2009). From the fractal point of view, Pb ore-minerals have been deposited in the western sub-region, while Zn mineralization seems to be extended in the depth of eastern alterations. Also a predictable geochemical zonation can be considered in the western target (meaningful Pb anomalies) that is more patterned than the eastern halos according to geological observations (Momenzadeh and Ziseman, 1981) and mineralogical evidences (Salehi, 2004). An increase in Supra ore/Sub ore proportional content was measured in the western sub-region which indicated more reliable potential of Pb mineralization (Galena as a particular indication of sulfide-rich minerals) than the same phases of ore forming processes in the eastern sub-region, although the content of Pb-ores rapidly decreases in the eastern target and is replaced by Zn minerals (Sphalerite as particular indication of sulfide-rich mineralization). Because power law relationships are significant in both geochemical and geophysical anomalies (Mehrnia, 2013) a detailed program including borehole geophysics and litho-geochemical land-surveys should be considered in the prospected regions. Therefore, upcoming phases should emphasize on self-organized distribution of Pb-Zn anomalies to introduce a new set of nonlinear distributions in order to find the confidence regression coefficients between the variables. As the final results, fractal analysis of available databases represented new target areas with better mineralization aggregations than linear analysis of the anomalous regions according to micrographs. It means that surficial mineralization processes could be extended in depth and enriched next to altered host units because of a nonlinear but self-organized distribution of geochemical- geophysical anomalies in Tekieh ore deposit region.

Dust and smooth-sands which rise up from aerosols resources have always extreme environmental and economic damages. Since 1961, development of artificial forest (Haloxylon species) has stabilized dust formation in the critical center of south and south east of Kerman. Some reports from vegetation degradation, prompted researchers to use integrative methods for monitoring and modeling the possible changes of the vegetation index. This research has used remotely sensed data (bands: 3 and 4, TM/ETM, Landsat) to obtain Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and studied spatiotemporal density changes of the artificial forest (according to Moran spatial autocorrelation index during the years 1987, 2000, 2005, 2009 and 2014). Meanwhile, for assessment of the role of drought effects in Haloxylon forest degradation, daily precipitation dataset of Kerman has been analyzed by using Effective Drought Index (EDI) during 1980 to 2013.  While, results show that the local average of NDVI has a meaningful decrease during the mentioned years, and the Moran index was increased and expanded the cluster patterns intensively. These changes represent some disorders in the initial linear structures of planted region as well as spotted Haloxylon trees. Expansion of droughts in association with human intervention increases the intense forest degradation in the borders of Tehran and Joopar roads. Indeed, the continuation of this process is hazardous, and considered as serious threat for developing the national plans such as Haftbagh-e-Alavi (east of region2).

The Ramand area, southwest of Buin- Zahra, about 60 kilometers from Qazvin, lies in the igneous belt of the Urmieh-Dokhtar region, the main structural zone of north-central Iran. Rhyodacite and rhyolite lava flows are the principal host rocks of mineralization and alteration of the area, most of which occurs in faulted and brecciated zones alongmaj or northwest-trending fault systems (such as Kour-Cheshmeh, Hassan Abad and their branches). Clay minerals determined from satellite images indicated principally argillic hydrothermal alteration before laboratory mineralogical analysis. According to instrumental analyses, mineralized alteration with greater amounts of argillic halos and lesser amounts of sericitic-propylitic minerals contains quartz veinlets in the vertical and lateral sections. Initially, alteration in the Ramand area was revealed in ETM images by using the SPCA technique of Crosta and Moore, 1990 (Selective Principle Component Analysis). Compared with other techniques, SPCA results have reliable spectral signatures for identifying argillic minerals and Fe-oxides as the main mineralogical association in hydrothermal environments. Subsequently, multispectral images (ASTER) were analyzed using band ratios.The results indicated silicification alteration along the faulted regions in the Ramand area. Later, areas of silicification alteration were prospected for precious and base metal mineralization.Sampling results suggested that the altered areas have some potential for epithermal mineralization, according to instrumental analyses and micrographic evidence.
1- Collecting satellite images, geological evidence and related documents
2- Image processing to reveal and identify the mineralized alteration.
3- Sampling of the mineralized zones indicated by the remote sensing.
4- Thin- and polished section microscopic studies.
5- X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) (19 samples), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis(ICP- MS)for determining the major and trace elements (4 samples) and 4 samples were analyzed for the gold content by using atomic absorption (AA).
Discussion and Most of the hydrothermal alteration in the Ramand region was mapped by processing the ETM and ASTER satellite images. The Crosta and Moore (1990) technique indicated the facies of alteration, and increased the correlation between altered and mineralized regions.
Evaluating the potential for ore-grade mineralization requires mapping the location and probable zonal location of the quartz veins indicated by band ratios in the ASTER image (Kruse et al., 1993; Honarmand et al., 2012). Our studies showed that volcanic rocks in the Ramand area are intensively altered by hydrothermal processes. The micrographic results confirmed that argillic and silicification alteration occurred within calcitized-oxidized masses. The study has shown that the mineralized region significantly contains quartz veinlets usually surrounded by argillic halos and Fe-oxides as two components of the alteration.
In conclusion, our remotely sensed prognostic mapindicates a strongly altered epithermal system along faulted structures and breccia zonesclearly apparent at the surface (Akbari, et al., 2012).The altered zones probably extend at depth with probable zones enriched in gold and base metals. Considering the zonalpatterns indicated by image processing, besides the ore genesis peculiarities of the epithermal systems (micrographic results), this article introduces reliable data indicating the nature of mineralization in the Ramand area based on analysis of satellite images and mineralogical and chemical analyses of samples which encourage detailed exploration for discovery of orebodies in a deeper prospect.

Aerosols are among the most important of atmospheric pollutants and they are observed  like the microscopic particulate matter (solid and liquid) in the lower parts of the troposphere. From environmental standpoint, have priority the investigation of hazards due to aerosols distribution and predict the movement mechanism of them and will be studied with an emphasis on the Middle East. The main purpose of this study was introduce the new method based on remote sensing results and analysis of fractal statistics until in addition to investigate the origin of aerosols, make survey the movement mechanism and pattern of their distribution in large areas of North Africa and the Middle East. The research results indicate that the pattern of aerosols distribution in Middle East is followed from non-linear patterns with chaotic specifications. To prove it, is used from MODIS sensor Images belongs to America's space agency [NASA] until the needed photo-maps are produced that consists of aerosols optical thickness (AOT), changes in nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and carbon monoxide (CO). Spatial analysis of data and seasonal - annual compare of them with together, is represent a exponential relative relationship in aerosols dispersion pattern. So with use of variance-distance equation ( Mark and Aronson (1984)), besides demonstrating the relationship between atmospheric pollutants Iran, Iraq and Saudi Arabia with climatic changes in North Africa, two climatic regime of hot and cold, were compared according to the energy content and chemical composition of different seasons. In practice, bodieds of aerosols and industrial pollutants of area is functional of seasonal changes and chaotic behavior of them in the cool months is greater than the warm months. Therefore, the environmental hazards of winter regimes is more than of summer regimes. Also, changes the fractal dimension (especially at the brownian distribution level of optical thickness), the possibility of check the remote sensing criteria has provided on the based of  the fractal geometry principles,whereby, has been introduced the  new approach to predict the cumulative behavior and movement pattern of aerosols in Middle East .

The study area is a portion of Urmia-Bazman Magmatic Belt in the Central Iran Structural Zone that located in the south of Boein-Zahra city (Qazvin province). In this area, volcanic and pyroclastic rocks incised by a plutonic body and around and within this pluton, a large extensive alteration occurred. In this study, Landsat 7 data (ETM+) employed and general alteration trend in the area was mapped by conventional methods of Color Composite (RGB), Band Rationing and specially Principal Components Analysis (PCA). All of the three methods are found to be effective for obtaining generalized information about the alteration of the image area. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and especially Selective Principal Components Analysis (Crosta technique) found to be the best effective method in delineating the borders of clay and iron oxide altered areas. In the high altered wall rocks, mineralogical analysis results (XRD method) indicated two forms of vertical and horizontal zoning. In this case, in vertical zoning in order from down to up, advanced argillic, alunitic and silicified zones and in horizontal zoning from fault surface toward wallrocks, advanced argillic and propylitic zones were distinguished. The mineralogical composition of zones and form of zoning indicates that this type of alteration is “acid sulfate”. The study of fluid inclusion of quartz crystals in silicic veins, indicated that liquid and vapor phases (LV) are present and study of them resulted in calculation of salinity percentages between 16.8 to 19.2 (NaCl wt%) and homogenization temperatures between 204oC to 280oC.

Isotopic and microthermometry results from Sheikh-Darabad Cu-Au indices in Mianeh region, East-Azarbaijan province, indicate Cenozoic post-magmatic activities with developed adularia facies through an extended and Neogene related alteration that is given rise to occurring silica vein systems as the main hosting locations for epithermal mineralization. The research evidence also has been coincided with Queensland textural zoning conclusions which confirm a success case of silica textural variations associated with Sheikh-Darabad gold and copper bearing locations based on paragenesis of quartz-pyrite-chalcopyrite. As a new result, fractal-based geometry has been used for assessing the nonlinear distribution of siliceous components and subsequently for prognosis of gold mineralization potential in Sheikh-Darabad region. In practice, most of quartzitic occurrences and related textural variations have been precisely studied and realized by satisfying to silica power law statement in order to obtain the self-similar peculiarities of individual textures. Therefore, using a textural pattern for evaluating and correlating between silica zonal variations and its ordinary textural evolutions in post-magmatic environments, is a new criterion for prospecting precious metals with finally emphasizing on gold exploration priorities in Sheikh-Darabad region.