فهرست مطالب عارفه منجم

 The present study was conducted to predict pathological eating patterns based on primary object relations and personality organization.

The statistical population of this descriptive-correlational study consisted of BA and MS undergraduate students of Payame Noor University and Islamic Azad University of Qom who were studying in the second semester of the academic year 2016-2017. So, 888 students were selected using multi-stage cluster random sampling method. To collect data, Object Relations Inventory, Kernberg’s Inventory of Personality Organization and Garner's Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) were used. Data analysis conducted through multiple regression analysis.             

The primary object relations and personality organization explained 0.23 and 0.17 of the variance of the pathological eating patterns, respectively. The regression coefficient for the primary object relations in the dimensions of inadequacy and insecurity were β=0.29 and β=0.28 respectively. Regression coefficient for primary mental defenses, identity confusion and borderline personality disorder (BPD), with beta coefficients were 0.70, 0.16 and 0.18, respectively that they are predicted positively and suggest the pathological eating patterns at level of 0.01.

It is concluded form the results the primary object relations and personality organization can predict pathological eating patterns.

The research method was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of the study consisted of all undergraduate students of Payame Noor University and Islamic Azad University in Qom in the second half of the school year they were in 2017-18. For this purpose, 888 of these students were selected using multi-stage cluster random sampling. In order to collect data, the Subject Relations Questionnaire (1995), The Kernberg‎ Personality Inventory Questionnaire (IPO), the Iranian Form of Defense Styles (Andrews et al. , 1989) and Garner et al. (1982) Eating Attitudes Questionnaire (1982) were used to analyze the data. A confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis was used. The results showed directly that 16. 81% of the dispersion of the scores of pathological eating patterns was explained ‎through the Primary object relation and 6 % through the defense mechanisms. Also, in this model, 24. 01% of dispersion of personality ‎organization were explained through the defense mechanisms. In addition, the results of this study, estimating the structural model in which object relations and personality organization as a variable of defense and defense mechanisms were introduced into the middle eagle, showed that this model explains 41. 07% of pathological eating patterns. The pathological eating patterns both directly and indirectly could be interpreted by defense mechanisms via primary object relations and personality organization.

Due to the necessity of paying attention to the mental health of adolescents and students as the futures of the country, present study was implemented in order to predict public health based on metacognition beliefs and avoid emotional experiences.
A total of 300 persons (176 girls and 124 boys) were selected among the students in Qom PNU (Payame Noor University) by stratified random sampling method from three different colleges of the university and responded to the General Health Questionnaires (GHQ-28) and the short form of metacognition questionnaire (MCQ-30) and the acceptance questionnaire and second version commitment (AAQ-II) and Mindfulness questionnaire (FFMQ) that the data obtained was analyzed by using Pearson correlation coefficient in the step-wise regression.
Regression analysis showed that predict general health based on metacognition beliefs and mindfulness and avoid emotional experiences, emotional experiences and metacognitive beliefs about avoiding significant among which may be more important to avoid emotional experiences in relation to public health students to discover other variables.
Metacognitive beliefs and avoiding emotional experiences and mind awareness are the effective factors in mental health and by changing metacognitive and experiential avoidance which increases negative thoughts maladaptive approaches or negative public beliefs raising public mindfulness, we can help to improve the students mental and public health.

Aims: The present study was an attempt to assess the sense of coherence and education selfconcept in the children of veterans with secondary trauma stress disorder and normal children in the city of Qom.
The study sample consisted of all seventh and eighth grade students in Qom. These students were chosen by a multi-stage cluster sampling method. Based on the number of students veteran children boys (304) and 196 male (total 500) in the seventh and eighth bases are chosen studying in 1393-1394 . Participants were assessed by using the Secondary Trauma Stress Scale (STSS). And then post-traumatic stress disorder in veterans 'children were identified (76 boys, 49 girls’ total 125). The next step is to compare the two groups (children of veterans and normal) sense of coherence and academic self-study questionnaires were completed. In addition, methods for data analysis, descriptive statistics, ANOVA test was used in the MANOVA. Statistical analysis revealed that the sense of coherence and the self-concept of students was significantly affected by Secondary Trauma Stress. It can be also mentioned that the children with Secondary Trauma Stress and those who are differ with each other in regards to sense of coherence and education self-concept.
Psychological problems in the children of veterans led to low academic self-concepts.
Despite the important role of Secondary Trauma Stress and a sense of coherence and academic self-concept in veteran children, educational programs can be used in order to reduce Secondary Trauma Stress disorder.

This study was an attempt to investigate the effectiveness of group psychotherapy of transactional analysis in the reduction of craving beliefs, cognitive emotion regulation, and adjustment of attachment styles. This was an experimental study along with pre-test and post-test and control group. The study population consisted of all male drug addicts who had referred to Tehran rehab clinics in 2004. A total of 30 drug-dependent persons were selected as the participants of the study using convenience sampling method and, then, were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. For data collection purposes, Craving Beliefs Questionnaire, Adult Attachment Scale, and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire were used. Group psychotherapy of transactional analysis was carried out during ten 90-minute sessions. The results of analysis of covariance showed that therapy of transactional analysis can reduce craving beliefs, self-blame, rumination, catastrophizing, other-blame, and insecure attachment styles; and increase positive refocusing, refocusing on planning, positive reappraisal, perspective taking, acceptance, and secure attachment styles. Considering that drug-dependent individuals are more exposed to negative emotions, they are likely to act haphazardly and impulsively in such situations. Therefore, teaching transactional analysis to these people can increase the control rate in stressful situations.

Substance abuse is a chronic relapsing disorder that one of its features is experiencing the maladaptive emotions. Research findings suggest that the emotional factors play a pivotal role in craving. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of group therapy of transactional analysis on adjustment and reduction of emotional schemas in withdrawing addicts. This study is an experimental research with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The study population consisted of all male drug addicts who had referred to addiction withdrawal clinics of Tehran in 2014. A total of 30 drug-dependent persons randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups using the convenience sampling method. Transactional analysis group therapy was applied for the experimental group through ten 90-minute sessions. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variances method with significance level of 0. 95 using IBM SPSS 16 software. Analysis of covariance results showed that transactional analysis can reduce maladaptive emotional schemas، validation، rumination، guilt، uncontrollability، blame، rationality، simplistic view of emotions، emotional acceptance، consensus and increasing emotional awareness، comprehensibility، expressiveness and the superior values in the experimental group. Considering that addicted people are more exposed to negative emotions، their rate of control in stressful situations can be increased by educating them in Transactional Analysis.

Over the recent years, the sources of stress and unfavorable situations are increasingly rising. The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between egocentrism and early maladaptive schemas with well-being in students. The methods which were used in this research were correlation and stepwise regression. The number of the studied cases consisted of 400 students of the Tehran Payam- Noor University from four different social classes and levels in the society that were sampled by using stratified random sampling. They were asked to complete the personal fable scale and the new imaginary audience scale in order to evaluate egocentrism and three other scales were completed to consider early maladaptive schemas (EMSs), Personal well-being (PWB), individually. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient, stepwise regression analysis. The analysis showed that there were significant negative relationships between well-beings and maladaptive schemas and egocentrism. Stepwise the regression analysis showed that there were significant negative correlations between social Isolation/Alienation, emotional deprivation, negativity/pessimism, insufficient self-control/self-discipline and in vulnerability with well-being. The maladaptive schemas and invulnerability has a key role in predicting students’ psychological well-being. By being aware of the emotional needs and creating a better relationship with the same age groups, these students can lead to a much better social perception and an increase in psychological well-being status.

The present study was an attempt to assess the early maladaptive schemas, parenting style, and life traps in married and divorced women in Tehran. Towards this end, 148 divorced applicants and 202 married women (350 in total) took part in the present study. Divorced applicants were selected from among the court clients using convenience sampling, and the normal group was selected using random cluster sampling from a number of elementary schools in Tehran. Data collection was done using Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMSs), Young Parenting Inventory (YPI), and the Life Trap questionnaire. For data analysis, MANOVA and path analysis were used. The two groups significantly differed from each other in the schemas of Disconnection and Rejection, Impaired Autonomy and Performance, Other-Directedness and Over-vigilance/Inhibition, Parental Origins, and life traps. It is possible to predict divorce life traps using early maladaptive schemas and develop a model of divorce prevention and marital therapy based on the schematic therapeutic approach. The findings of this study can also be applied to clinical and counseling environments to help couples on the threshold of divorce.