فهرست مطالب کیومرث صفی نژاد

Aim and One of the most important researches is related to garlic and it has great anti-bacterial properties. The purpose of this research is the evaluation of garlic extract effect with various concentrations on Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia and Shigella dysenteriae bacteria and also comparing the results in laboratory situation.
Material and In this study, garlic extract was prepared and to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the extract, the Standard Tube Test was used. As well as, to compare with antibiotics, the Disk Diffusion Method was used. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 3 repetitions and comparisons of the averages were performed using Tukey's method.
The MIC of garlic extract based on Mg/dl on studied bacteria with extract of respectively: 15, 23 and 25mm with concentration of 1/2 Mg/dl; 12, 20 and 22mm with concentration of 1/4Mg/dl; 10, 16 and 18mm with concentration of 1/8 Mg/dl; 0, 13 and 15mm with the concentration of 1/16, 1/32 and 1/24 was zero. According to the results of this research in laboratory condition anti-bacterial properties of garlic has the inhibitory effect on studied bacteria.
The results indicate that the inhibitory effect of garlic extract on studied bacteria, in laboratory environment, is as good as antibiotics.

Cancer is one of the most common diseases in the world. Due to the carcinogenic combinations of drug, there is a risk of mutagenic substances in consumers. The aim of this study was to investigate the mutagenicity of opium by the Ames test.
Firstly, the purity of the Salmonella typhimurium strain TA100 was confirmed in terms of purity of mutagenic properties. Then, samples of opium were prepared separately in different volumes and by various repetitions and were added to the culture medium containing TA100 fresh night culture, after that subsequently were compared with negative control (distilled water TA100) samples. In that case, colonies were evaluated in terms of mutagenicity in three stages: without the buffer microsomal rat liver (S9) -without pre incubation, with S9– with pre incubation and with S9- without pre incubation. The colonies were evaluated by counting revertant TA100 colonies number. The results were analyzed using ANOVA and Schefe's post hoc test to determine and prioritize the difference in mean of groups based on opium dilution.
Results of data analysis and counting of revertant coloniesshowed that opium had mutagenic effect in over 4% dilution. There were significant differences in dilution and repetition of without S9- without pre incubation, with S9- with pre incubation and with S9 without pre incubation compared to the negative controls.
The results of this research showed that opium is fully and on all volumes has mutagenic effect. Therefore, we recommend taking these drugs should be avoided.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune, demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS). The pathogenesis of this disease is still unknown, although there are evidences of environmental factors affecting subjects with genetic predisposition factors. TNFRSF6B protein in human is coded by the tnfrsf6b gene. One of the biological functions of TNFRSF6B is that it acts as death decoy and prevents cell death under certain circumstances. Some examples of studies have shown that rs6062314 (tnfrsf6b) polymorphism is associated with risk of MS. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of rs6062314 polymorphism in tnfrsf6b gene in men population with sporadic multiple sclerosis in Khuzestan province.
The type of study was case-control and 100 unrelated subjects including 50 patients with low and moderate levels of MS (EDSS ≥ 3) and 50 healthy men were enrolled and molecular techniques were used; in addition, extraction of DNA, PCR, and direct sequencing were studied.
The genotype and allele frequencies of rs6062314 (tnfrsf6b) between MS patients and controls did not differ significantly (P-value=0.268 and P CC=1.0 and OR = 3.128, 95% CI = 0.61-15.89 for C allele).
Our results showed that there was no association between rs6062314 (tnfrsf6b) SNP polymorphism and MS disease.

Aim and One of the most genes in exacerbation UTI is iroN gene. The purpose was determination of iroN gene prevalence in E. coli strains. To accomplish this goal can a reasonable mechanism to manage the inhibition of bacteria carrying the gene and preparation of vaccine offered.
A total of 80 samples from patients with UTI symptoms collected and Fifty E. coli isolates, identified. E. coli presence has been confirmed by biochemical and microbial tests. PCR was done by specific primers. The apmplicon size was 668 bp.
Among the 50 isolated bacteria from UTIs, 9 isolates carried out iroN gene. This was equivalent 18% of total isolates. Gene prevalence in women was twice the prevalence in men. One and two urban areas had the highest prevalence of the gene.
The prevalence of iroN gene was relatively high. There are numerous reports of the presence of antibodies aginst iroN protein in patient's serum which is emphasis on the presence of antigenic determinant. It can be used in the preparation of a vaccine against UTI bacterial infections Produced by E. coli. Our results can also be used by epidemiologists and health care providers.

Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (RPL) is defined as two or more consecutive spontaneous abortions. Glutathione S-transferase genes produce isoenzymes that protect embryo against oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to determine the removal of the two genes, GSTT1 and GSTM1 in male partners of couples having RPL.
A case-control study of 102 cases was conducted including male partner of the patients with RPL, and 104 controls, male partner of the normal couples. The semen samples of the cases and controls were collected and analyzed. Peripheral blood from the cases and controls were collected. DNA was extracted and subsequently multiplex PCR based genotyping assays were used. Chi square-analysis, Fisher's exact test and correlation test were used for statistical evaluation.
We found that 26.47% and 42.16% of the cases with RPL and 8.56% and14.42% of the controls had the GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotype (asynchronously). The GSTM1 null genotype was found significantly more often in cases than in controls (26.47% versus8.56%, P The GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotype in cases with RPL was found to be a risk factor in male partners of couples having RPL.

Male factors account for 20%-50% of cases of infertility and male infertility due to severe oligozoospermia and azoospermia has been associated with a number of genetic risk factors. Severe oligozoospermia was defined as a concentration of less than 5×106 sperm/ml. The aim of this study was to examine whether an association exists between glutathione S-transferase GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes polymorphism and severe oligozoospermia. This case-control study was conducted on 103 subjects, including 51 infertile men with severe oligozoospermia and 52 fertile men serving as controls. Blood samples were collected from patients and healthy individuals and used for isolation of genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). The polymorphisms were analyzed using multiplex-polymerase chain reaction (multiplex-PCR) technique. The data were analyzed using Chi-square, Fisher exact test, and independent t-test. (P < 0.05) The frequency of GSTT1 and GSTM1 null genotypes were observed to be higher in infertile men with severe oligozoospermia (GSTT1=41.18% and GSTM1=27.45%) in comparison with the fertile men (GSTT1=13.46% and GSTM1=9.62%). These differences were statistically significant. The results of this study suggest a possible positive effect of GSTT1 and GSTM1 null genotypes on the spermatogenesis process of the testis.