dr. mohammad hassanzadeh

Today, universities that aim to improve their educational level on a global and acceptable scale, along with their traditional system, have provided the conditions for creating a virtual education environment and using different educational methods. Virtual education is the most important application of information technology that is provided in different systems such as computer-based learning, online learning, and network-based learning. Therefore, the current research aimed to investigate the factors affecting the development of virtual education of information literacy from the users' point of view on the library website. It has been done by Iran's universities of medical sciences. The method of this research was mixed (quantitative and qualitative). In the qualitative part, it was developmental in terms of purpose, and in the quantitative part, it was applied, and in terms of the data analysis method, it was a descriptive survey of correlation type. In line with the goal of the research, the library method and previous studies have been used; first, the desired indicators were identified with the qualitative method of research using the meta-synthesis method, and a total of 122 codes were extracted in 14 subcategories, and 7 main categories were categorized and coded. In the next step, in the quantitative section, using the opinion of experts, the final indicators were extracted and the final questionnaire was prepared. Then the prepared questionnaire was distributed among the statistical population. 384 questionnaires were completed and then analyzed by non-random sampling method. Data were subjected to exploratory factor analysis using SPSS 25 and SmartPLS 3 software. The face validity of the questions was checked and confirmed by a group of related experts, and the reliability of the questionnaire was calculated by conducting a pre-test and then using Cronbach's alpha, composite reliability (CR), and convergent validity (AVE). The results of the research in the meta-synthesis stage showed that the effective factors on the development of information literacy virtual education from the users' point of view on the library Website of Iran University of Medical Sciences include: technical factors, strategic factors, lecturers' component, structural factors, educational factors, content factors, and measurement and evaluation factors. The results of the research in the quantitative stage of the research also showed that the category of structural factors ranks first with a rate of 0.842; Educational factors with a rate of 0.831, strategic factors with a rate of 0.763, technical factors with a rate of 0.726, teachers' component with a rate of 0.613 and measurement and evaluation factors with a rate of 0.564 and content factors with a rate of 0.518 ranks next. The results of this research showed that the variable of structural factors has the highest relationship with the virtual education of information literacy skills. Other variables such as educational factors with virtual training of information literacy skills, strategic factors with virtual training of information literacy skills on the library website of Iran's medical sciences from the users' point of view, technical factors and virtual training of information literacy skills, teachers' component and virtual training of information literacy skills, measurement and evaluation factors and Virtual education of information literacy skills, variable content factors and virtual education of information literacy skills were ranked second to seventh, respectively. The results indicate that the structural factors of virtual education of information literacy skills in the library website of Iran's universities of medical sciences, including design and compilation, preparation and production, educational factors, factors related to the teaching method, factors related to the format used for training is important and noteworthy.

Based on nature, wisdom and religious principles, all human beings have the right to legitimate defense. This kind of defense is accepted by Islam and is one of the components of the Supreme Leader's defense system. The authors analyzed this issue using a descriptive-analytical method. They aimed at explaining the religious foundations of legitimate defense and creating a platform for pursuing the issuance of a binding resolution to support legitimate defense. The findings of the study indicate that neither Islam nor human rights accept domination, and recommend rejecting and confronting it. In the meantime, although some international organizations have tried to help establish security by establishing laws, due to the lack of effective and practical support, these efforts have not yielded significant results.  The obvious example of that is the crimes of the Zionist regime in occupied Palestine, Gaza, and Lebanon, as well as the invasion of Yemen. It is suggested that the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and legal institutions of the country, in consultation with the governments of Islamic and aligned countries, as well as the United Nations and human rights institutions, issue a binding resolution for trial and compensation for the damages caused by the aggressors and all-round support for legitimate defense.

The aim of the current research is to present a local model for preventing corruption in the public sector of Iran. According to the national health system's view, reforming public administration is considered one of the pillars of preventing corruption. However, reforming public administration alone cannot eradicate corruption in Iran. The research is exploratory in terms of its fundamental purpose and qualitative method. The method of collecting field data and the tool of collecting information was unstructured interviews, which were conducted purposefully and until theoretical saturation, 16 interviews with experts in the field (university professors, religious experts, managers and human resources experts) and Data analysis was done through three methods of open coding, axial coding and selective coding using MAXQDA2020 software. During the process of open coding (530 codes), axial (49 codes), and selective (15 codes) were extracted. Then, CVR, CVI, and retest reliability were used to determine the validity and reliability of the model's categories and components.According to the findings, the proposed indigenous model can be significant in preventing corruption in the public sector of Iran. the findings of the research were obtained based on local indicators and were appropriate to the structure and culture of the country.

The development of the internet and the digitalization of higher education have facilitated the possibility of online course delivery, enabling instructors and students to interact through virtual education. Virtual learning can enhance access to educational resources and services through communication technologies, regardless of time and location. Accordingly, the objective of this study is to design a virtual education model for teaching information literacy skills on the websites of medical university libraries across the country.

This research was conducted with a mixed approach (qualitative and quantitative). In the first stage, the meta-combination method and the study of previous researches were used according to the research topic and the components were extracted, and after several checks with experts, the necessary concepts and components for the design of the model were extracted. Then, using the Delphi method, experts’ opinions were applied to the output of the meta-combination stage, and the final questionnaire was designed and made available to the statistical community, and finally, in the fourth stage, modeling and validation and fitting of the model took place.

The final model was developed using meta-synthesis and validated by experts, comprising 7 main categories, 14 subcategories, and 102 indicators. The main categories include technical factors, strategic factors, instructor-related components, structural factors, educational factors, content-related factors, and assessment and evaluation factors. From the users’ perspective, the content-related subcategory recorded the lowest value, with a score of 0.518 for users and 0.533 for instructors. Conversely, the assessment and evaluation subcategory achieved the highest scores, with 0.916 from the instructors’ perspective, 0.953 jointly from both users and instructors, and 0.842 for structural factors from the users’ perspective.

The results of the research showed that there is a significant relationship between the virtual training of information literacy skills on the website of the libraries of medical sciences universities of the country and the mentioned factors. Therefore, the model obtained in this study can be a basis for designing and compiling a framework for electronic learning of information literacy. Acquiring information literacy skills and fostering an information-literate society is a crucial necessity in the information age, particularly for graduate students whose work and activities are inherently tied to research and problem-solving.

To determine the effect of problem-solving skills and self-efficacy on the information-seeking behavior of graduate students in management, information science, and Knowledge.

The current research is applied in terms of purpose and by survey method. The students in this research were selected by random sampling. To collect information in the current study, three general self-efficacy questionnaires with 17 questions, Hepner's problem-solving skills questionnaire with 32 questions, and a researcher-made information-seeking behavior questionnaire with 31 questions were used. According to the results of Cronbach's test, the reliability of the information-seeking behavior section is (0.73). The problem-solving skill section is (0.71), and the validity of the questionnaires has been examined and approved by 7 experts in the fields. Out of 3278 people, the questionnaires were randomly distributed among graduate students (master's degree and doctorate) of nine public universities in Tehran and a total of 234 responses were received.Data analysis was done using SPSS software. Due to the normality of the data, the regression test was used to identify the effect of problem-solving and self-efficacy on information-seeking behavior.

According to the Pearson test results, there is a positive and significant relationship between the components of self-efficacy and information-seeking behavior, and there is also a positive and significant relationship between the components of problem-solving skills and information-seeking behavior, as well as between self-efficacy and problem-solving skills.Based on the obtained results, the level of problem-solving skills and self-efficacy as well as information-seeking behavior of students is average. Among the three components of problem-solving skills, (personal control) has the highest value, and (confidence in problem-solving) has the lowest value. Among the components of self-efficacy, the highest value is related to (tendency to initiate behavior) and the lowest value is related to (persistence in homework). Also, among the components of information-seeking behavior, the highest value is related to (the nature and type of information sought) and the lowest value is related to (motivation).

According to the findings, the low value of the component of trust in solving problems shows the lack of ability of a person to solve problems. Because people do not trust their ability to solve the problem and avoid reaching the right answer and solving the problem with self-control. The lower component of insistence on the task compared to other components of self-efficacy is a sign of not accepting failure by the person and starting the next behavior. Since a person does not tolerate failure, after spending a little time on the path if no progress is made, he quickly replaces the previous path with another path to avoid failure. Also, due to the higher value of the information-seeking behavior component compared to its other components, it shows that the type and subject of information sources is a determining factor of the search. Because students do not have the motivation and desire to reach the desired subject through different methods and subjects, they try to identify only the desired subject and collect information about the same subject. Also, the results of the findings show that since the confidence in solving problems among students is low, they do not have enough motivation to reach information and as a result, they do not persist in doing their work and homework and leave it half-finished.

Considering the development of technology and the use of artificial intelligence in the process of knowledge management in the service sector as well as intelligent knowledge extraction, this study aims to model an intelligent knowledge extraction map to make value in organizations.
This research is applied and survey. Ten influential components in knowledge extraction were identified through library study. The study sample was selected using the judgmental sampling method of five person. Using the Delphi technique, screening and evaluation of the identified components have been done. The interpretive structural model method was used to model the knowledge extraction map. The software used is EXCEL and MATLAB.
The findings show that Intelligent measurement and organization of knowledge is in the second level. Five phases have been obtained for the initial steps of the Knowledge Extraction Model in service organizations. Intelligent measurement and organization of knowledge in the first phase, identifying external factors, identifying internal factors, and Identifying necessary actions in the second phase, Organization of knowledge processes, Organizing the necessary infrastructure in the third phase, Targeting knowledge and Smart knowledge strategy in the fourth phase, and finally Monitoring and updating knowledge, and Evaluating intelligent knowledge extraction in the fifth phase are main steps in the knowledge extraction model.
To achieve success in the service sector, knowledge extraction is required to make managers able to decide better. To begin intelligent knowledge extraction, we need to follow five essential and initial steps to prepare the organization for this process.

Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) in chickens is associated with growth depression and mortality of young chicks. Moreover, poultry products are identified as a prominent source of SE, which can cause food-borne diseases in humans. Therefore, considering the economic and public health significance of SE, control of this bacterial infection is important.

This study aims to assess colonization and invasion of SE after exposure to the thyme essential oils in experimentally infected broiler chickens.

Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of thyme essential oils was measured by broth microdilution method. A total of 75 one-day-old Ross 308 chicks were randomized to three experimental groups of 25 (A, B and C). At 9 days old, groups A and B were challenged with 108 colony-forming unit (CFU) of SE with and without previous exposure to thyme essential oils at 50% MIC. Group C (control) received a bacteria-free buffer. On days 9, 16 and 24 after the challenge, cloacal swabs and samples from visceral organs were collected from slaughtered birds and evaluated for the presence of Salmonella.

The MIC of thyme essential oil for SE was obtained 1.25 mg/mL. Results of experimental infection showed a significant reduction of SE in the cloaca, ceca, liver, and spleen of group A compared to group B throughout the sampling times. On day 16 after infection, Salmonella was isolated at 1 and 7.4 log CFU/g of cloacal swabs and at 3.2 and 9.2 log CFU/g of ceca in groups A and group B, respectively.

According to the results, previous exposure of SE to the thyme essential oil at a sub-inhibitory concentration can reduce the colonization and invasion of this pathogen in broiler chickens.

Government financial policies are one of the macroeconomic policies to improve or control economic variables, including the level of total consumption and employment. Based on this, the purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of government financial policies, including changes in government expenditures and taxes, on private sector consumption and employment in Iraq in different economic conditions.

This research was conducted using vector autoregression model to analyze time series data. This method provides the possibility of examining dynamic relationships between financial policies and macroeconomic variables such as consumption and employment.

The findings show that increasing government spending generally increases private sector consumption, but the effects of taxes are more complex and depend on economic conditions. Also, tax changes have different effects on employment and can be positive or negative depending on the initial employment level and economic conditions. Therefore, the findings show that the government's financial policies act as an effective tool in stimulating or reducing private consumption and employment. Therefore, based on the findings, it can be concluded that in order to improve the effects of financial policies on economic variables in Iraq, there is a need to regulate financial policies in order to reduce their negative effects on macroeconomic variables.

Energy and technology, as two main factors of production, play a prominent role in improving and sustaining the economic growth of countries. Today, a larger part of economic growth is attributed to the efficient use of energy and technology than in the past. Awareness of the impact of technology and energy on economic growth can lead policymakers to pursue more optimal strategies to promote sustainable and inclusive economic growth and development, and in the long term, economic prosperity will affect the well-being of society. Given the importance of the research and the necessity of the present study, the aim of this study is to examine the impact of energy and technology consumption on the economic growth of Iraq.

In the present study, the auto-explanatory model with extended lags (ARDL) was used to examine the impact of energy and technology consumption on the economic growth of Iraq during the period 2000 to 2022.

The results of this study show that the coefficient of the impact of energy consumption on economic growth in Iraq was 0.073 and the estimated T-statistic was 2.16. Given that the absolute value of the t-statistic was greater than the critical value at the 95% confidence level (1.96), it can be stated that energy consumption had a positive and significant effect on economic growth. Another result showed that the coefficient of influence of the technology index on economic growth in Iraq was 0.129 and the estimated T-statistic was 3.34. Given that the absolute value of the t-statistic was greater than the critical value at the 95% confidence level (1.96), it can be stated that the technology index had a positive and significant effect on economic growth. Also, the error correction coefficient was -0.576, which was statistically significant, indicating that if a shock were to occur to the economic growth rate in Iraq, 0.576 percent of the imbalance in the economic growth rate would be adjusted during each period and would approach its long-term trend.

The research aims to rank the critical success factors of knowledge management within the Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran. This research employed a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative techniques. In the qualitative phase, the metasynthesis method was utilized, following the seven-step protocol established by Sandelowski and Barroso, using NVivo software. The quantitative phase was based on a fuzzy hierarchical approach implemented in Excel software. A checklist was developed which was distributed to 20 experts in the fields of information science and epistemology, as well as professionals with experience in knowledge management. Selected bank managers were purposefully included in the study and were asked to determine the weight of the indicators by selecting from nine options in a pairwise comparison format The findings reveal that leadership, with a weight of 0.213, ranks first; human resources, with a weight of 0.173, ranks second; and education, with a weight of 0.157, ranks third. Organizational structure follows in fourth place with a weight of 135.4, while infrastructure technology ranks fifth with a weight of 0.124. Evaluation and measurement of knowledge is ranked sixth with a weight of 0.103, and organizational culture ranks seventh with a weight of 0.095. Considering the complexities of the central bank and its sensitive role in regulating and monitoring the country's financial system, attention to these critical success factors of knowledge management not only enhances internal productivity but also directly influences the development of financial policies and the improvement of decision-making capabilities at the macro level.

The purpose of this research is to provide a local model for preventing human resource corruption in the public sector of Iran. The research was carried out in terms of practical-developmental purpose and with a qualitative method of exploratory type. The data collection method was field and the data collection tool was unstructured interviews, which were conducted purposefully and until theoretical saturation. The statistical population of the research included 16 experts and data analysis was done through three methods open coding, axial coding, and selective coding using MAXQDA2020 software. The results of the interviews include 85 open codes, 11 central codes, and 5 selective codes. Then, CVR, CVI, and retest reliability were used to determine the validity and reliability of the model's categories and components. According to the results of the findings, the factors of the organizational control layer include 2 categories (ethical-educational dimension, cultural-supportive dimension), the self-control layer includes 2 categories (internalization of social and value norms, internalization of society culture), the layer of control and monitoring mechanisms includes 3 categories (mechanism general, legal mechanism, administrative mechanism), the layer of practical measures including 2 categories (organizational dimension, legal dimension) and the layer of reforms including 2 categories (organizational engineering, educational engineering) were identified. According to the findings, it can be said that the current proposed local model can be important in preventing corruption in the public sector of Iran because they have been obtained according to the structure and culture of the country.

The current research seeks to identify and analyze the most important trust-building factors affecting the sharing of organizational knowledge in the field of knowledge management to provide the basis for proper management and proper planning for managers of organizations.

The present research was conducted using the methods of Systematic Review and Delphi. The participating experts in Delphi were selected by purposive sampling. The selected experts were professors of information and knowledge science, sociology, and management in university with scientific and research experience in knowledge management and organizational trust. In order to analyze the data, frequency distribution, mean, agreement coefficient, one-sample t-test, and Friedman ranking were used.

The research findings showed that the trust-building factors affecting knowledge sharing could be categorized into six general dimensions, including organizational trust factor, mental norm, and attitude towards knowledge sharing, external motivation, internal motivation, and organizational support. Among the effective factors from the point of view of experts, the factor of organizational trust, with a total Mean of 4.86, has the most impact, and external motivation, with a total Mean of 4.14, has the least impact on knowledge sharing. The effects of the factors on the components of knowledge sharing also showed that the effect of organizational trust on the intention to share knowledge, with an average of 4.91 and a consensus index of 1.9, has the highest average and value of the consensus index, Vice versa, the effect of the external motivation factor on the component Knowledge sharing behavior has the lowest value with an average of 4.09 and a consensus index equal to 1.38. Also, the factor prioritization index results showed that the organizational trust factor has the first rank with a Mean rating of 4.45. After that, the factor of internal motivation and attitude to knowledge sharing with a similar Mean rank equal to 3.77 in the second rank, the factor of organizational support with a Mean rank equal to 3.50 in the third rank, the Mental norm factor with a Mean rank equal to It ranks fourth with 23.3 and external motivation factor ranks fifth with a Mean rating of 2.27.

The results showed that for efficient knowledge sharing and creating a dynamic platform, the attention and appropriate policy of managers and knowledge management professionals to improve the culture of knowledge sharing among different organization departments seems necessary. In this regard, organizations are suggested to facilitate employee knowledge-sharing by strengthening trust-building factors and motivational stimuli.

The success of organizations depends more on knowledge assets than physical assets. Knowledge management transforms the organization into a knowledge-based organization, thus institutionalizing the importance of knowledge in all the organization's processes. This research investigates the role of knowledge management in improving the performance of the Tehran Municipality. In this way, according to the organizational scale of Tehran municipality, which has organizational levels including line and staff (22 urban areas, affiliated organizations and companies, specialized vice-chancellors) in its strategic and functional areas. Therefore, qualitative data were collected using the available information and documents related to establishing knowledge management and descriptive strategy, Then quantitative data was collected using questionnaire tools and survey strategy. By using the method of thematic analysis, 13 upstream documents of Iran's administrative system and ten management standards and frameworks were reviewed and analyzed for the necessity of implementing knowledge management solutions therefore the infrastructures for establishing knowledge management in the Tehran municipality were identified. Based on the results, the components of upstream documents affecting the establishment of knowledge management in Tehran Municipality are communication, knowledge-based governance, technology, knowledge creation, futurology, culture, human resources, organizational processes, and knowledge processes. Also, knowledge management barriers are divided into eight sections: technological barriers, cultural barriers, management barriers, organizational/structural barriers, human barriers, content barriers, implementation barriers, and legal barriers.

Given the growing significance of social networks in fostering knowledge sharing among researchers, the present study examines the scientific output related to sharing on social media using bibliometric and altimetric methods. The aim is to explore the thematic trends and behavioral patterns of knowledge sharing among researchers in this field.

This applied research utilizes a descriptive approach and employs bibliometrics and altmetric methods. A total of 1498 articles published in the area of “knowledge sharing on social media” and indexed in Scopus from 1999 to 2021 were examined. Descriptive statistics, including frequency tables, and inferential statistics, such as Spearman correlation test, were used to analyze the data. To study the extent of sharing research outputs on social media, Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) extracted from Scopus were queried in the Altmetric Explorer database. Altmetric data for the articles were collected and analyzed in Excel format. VOSViewer software was utilized to visualize the thematic map of articles. Additionally, R software was employed to analyze the relationship between citation and altmetric indicators and the creation of a correlation matrix.

The findings suggest a significant increase in research outputs in the field of sharing on social media over time. Authors affiliated with the United States, China, and the United Kingdom had the highest share of publications. The results demonstrate that the interdisciplinary nature of sharing on social media has attracted researchers from various fields, including computer science, social sciences, business, management, accounting, engineering, and decision science, to contribute to research publications in this area. Seventy-three percent of the articles studied have received at least one citation in Scopus. The analysis of word co-occurrence networks in publications reveals that keywords such as "knowledge sharing," "social media," "social networks," "social network analysis," "knowledge management," "social capital," and "social software" are the most frequently mentioned in the articles studied. The keyword co-occurrence analysis also indicates that in the early 2010s, researchers primarily focused on concepts like and in the early 2020s, there has been an increasing emphasis on concepts such as “Facebook”, “Twitter”, and “enterprise social media”.Twenty percent of research outputs with DOIs received a non-zero altmetric score. The most commonly used altmetric sources among researchers were Twitter, news sites, Facebook, blogs, and policy documents. An analysis of social media mentions over the ten years from 2012 to 2021 showed a consistent upward trend. The study of the geographical distribution of attention to research outputs showed that the highest number of attentions was received from European countries, North American countries, and Oceania. The comparison of the geographic distribution of publications and mentions indicated that countries such as China and Taiwan, which were among the top five countries with the highest number of publications, are placed in lower ranks on the list of countries with the most mentions of articles on social media. On the other hand, researchers from countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and Germany have significantly utilized social media platforms to share their research findings. The study of journals publishing research articles indicated that the journal Computers in Human Behavior had the highest number of mentioned articles.The results demonstrated a statistically significant and positive relationship between the number of citations received in Scopus and the level of attention these articles garnered on social media platforms. In essence, the attention given to articles on social media positively influences the citation of these documents in other research outputs, and articles that are extensively shared on social media tend to have a greater citation impact over time. The results did not reveal a statistically significant difference between the altmetric score of open-access articles and non-open-access articles.

The research results emphasize the importance and the growing role of social media in knowledge sharing among researchers. An analysis of the frequency of articles with altmetric indicators reveals an upward trend in the share of research outputs related to social media in recent years. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the bibliometric and altmetric characteristics of research outputs in the area of “knowledge sharing on social media”. The findings of this research can be valuable for future studies, policy-making, and practical efforts related to knowledge sharing on social media.

To be successful in any organization, it is essential to pay attention to job performance. Various factors affect employees' job performance. This study aimed to identify the critical factors for the success of knowledge management in the banking industry using meta-combination. Since the early 1990s, with the introduction of knowledge as the most important asset of the organization and a tool to improve productivity and gain a competitive advantage, optimal management of organizational knowledge has been very successful. Identifying the critical factors for knowledge management success can serve as a guiding light for knowledge management projects.
The present study adopts a qualitative approach and utilizes the seven-step method combining Sandelowski and Barroso. The research population comprises all sources pertaining to the essential aspects of knowledge management, encompassing 102 articles, books, and dissertations from reputable domestic and international sources published between 2001-2002 and 2000-2020 AD. Subsequently, based on the relevance to the research topic, the primary sources were sifted through, and 102 sources were selected and coded according to the extracted concepts.
In total, based on the results of a systematic review with a hybrid approach, 7 categories (leadership, organizational culture, organizational structure, human resources, training, monitoring-evaluation, and measurement, IT infrastructure), 18 concepts, and 114 codes for 18 extraction concepts were identified as critical factors in the success of knowledge management. To measure reliability and quality control, the kappa method was used. The value of the kappa index for the constituent and vital factors of knowledge management success was calculated, showing excellent agreement.
According to previous studies, the factors related to leadership and support of senior managers, and organizational culture are among the most important factors for success, respectively. Factors such as human resource management, staff motivation issues, organizational structure, training, monitoring and evaluation, and information technology are ranked lower.

Iran Trade Law; A codified set of dos and don'ts for commercial business activities. This law has always been important to scientific societies due to the high incidence of the citizens' society. Since the business system of Muslims is considered by the Holy Sharia, the set of business laws of Iran is also not oblivious to the inclusion of Sharia and considers it necessary to adapt these laws to the jurisprudence standards. Because the religion of Islam considers itself to have a comprehensive and comprehensive plan for all human issues. Since the law in front of us in business affairs is derived from the secular laws of France and approved by the National Assembly, the need for jurisprudential revision of these laws will be considered a serious demand. What is included in the short time of this article is the jurisprudential examination of limited liability in the affairs of companies, which has not been mentioned in any legal jurisprudence research so far. Now, according to the interpretation of Article 94 of Iran's Commercial Law, in limited liability companies, the partners are only obligated to the creditors according to the amount of their capital in the company, in this case, if the amount of the company's debt exceeds the capital of the partners, the creditors will never They will not get all their rights. Now, it should be stated that what motivates the author to write this research is the clear discrepancy between the provisions of this article of the trade law with the holy law of Islam and the generality of the evidence of the obligation to perform religion. So what will be possible is the obligation to pay the debts of the company's creditors to the extent of all the assets of the company's owners. And the theory of limited liability and the commitment of its partners to the amount of their initial registered capital in the company, which is the text of Iran's commercial law, has clear jurisprudential differences and contradicts it. Also, this research is developmental based on the intended goals and descriptive based on its need for a hypothesis.

Knowledge sharing is one of the key processes of knowledge management, and its effective implementation plays a significant role in achieving the goals of knowledge management. Many factors affect the knowledge sharing of employees, one of the most important is the trust factor. Trust is one of the important and effective components in any model of organizational knowledge sharing. Based on this, in the present research, an attempt has been made to investigate the relationship between knowledge sharing and organizational trust with a comprehensive approach and using the meta-analysis method.

The current research is practical in terms of purpose, which has used the meta-analysis method to determine, collect, combine and summarize the study findings on the subject of the relationship between the variables of knowledge sharing and organizational trust. In this research, first by using the keywords of trust (organizational trust, institutional trust) and those of knowledge sharing (knowledge sharing, knowledge transfer) in databases such as the Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology (IranDoc), Tehran University Central Library, MagIran, Jihad Site (SID), and foreign databases such as Emerald, ProQuest, Elsevier and Springer were searched and all articles and theses that investigated the relationship between trust and knowledge sharing were collected. The number of samples reached 72 studies after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria and using the purposeful sampling method. The scale of effect size was correlation coefficients and statistical analysis was done with comprehensive meta-analysis software (CMA2).

The meta-analysis results showed that the effect size in the random effects model for the institutional trust component is equal to .468, for the individual (cognitive- affective) trust component is equal to .428, and for the organizational trust structure is equal to .446, which according to Cohen's criterion (1988) all three obtained combined effect sizes are medium to high effect sizes. Also, examining the role of moderating variables showed that the variable of the "research location" (English and Persian) is one of the factors of the heterogeneity of the effect size. The effect size in the Persian research was equal to .482, which is more than the effect size in English research, which was equal to .401. The Q statistic (between groups) for the variable of "research location" was also obtained at a favorable significance level, which indicated its moderating role on the observed effect size. Also, regarding the role of the "publication type" variable, the significance level for the Q statistic (between groups) was higher than the desired level (p>.05). Therefore, it was concluded that the" type of publication" as a moderating variable has no effect on the observed effect. In other words, although the effect size of .448 obtained in the reviewed articles is more than the effect size of theses, it is not statistically significant and acceptable.

The results of this research showed that the relationship between organizational trust and its components (individual, institutional trust) and knowledge sharing is effective and in terms of the size of their effect, it is medium (upwards). In explaining the results, it can be said that organizational trust plays an important role in knowledge sharing, and a high level of trust in relationships among organizational members makes them more willing to share knowledge with each other and the majority of studies reviewed in this research have reported the trust as an important factor affecting knowledge sharing. Therefore, paying attention to organizational trust and its influencing dimensions on the intention and behavior of knowledge sharing can greatly help to improve the performance of the organization's knowledge management system. Based on this, it is necessary for managers of organizations to improve the knowledge sharing behavior of employees by creating a favorable organizational atmosphere. In this regard, by adopting encouraging and supportive policies, justice and fair treatment, promoting group learning, and forming informal and friendly groups, the institutional and individual trust of employees can be improved.

Service industries are recognized as one of the largest sectors of the economy globally, and it has the most prominent role in the countries' economic growth. To create an essential change that represents a revolutionary change in the technology of a product or service, there is a need to acquire, extract and develop knowledge to achieve a competitive advantage. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the knowledge development clusters in the service industry's knowledge extraction field. In the knowledge management process, knowledge extraction is the main phase of knowledge acquisition. Knowledge acquisition is one of the important aspects of knowledge discovery in databases to help managers make timely decisions by extracting correct knowledge.

Bibliometrics and scientific mapping techniques have been used in this applied research. Research data were collected from the Scopus database from 1986 to 2022. VOSviewer and Bibliometrix R were used to analyze and visualize data and scientific maps. Furthermore, to ensure the accuracy and validity of the results, Bibliometrix and Excel tools have been used to integrate data and remove duplicate data.

The research findings show the knowledge extraction application among 434 documents in 5 clusters of knowledge extraction, artificial intelligence, information retrieval, semantics, and forecasting. In the research, knowledge extraction and data mining are the most widely used words in a single cluster and have the most centrality and betweenness. Likewise, the bibliometric analysis of the data in The Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) shows that the Internet, natural language processing, and machine learning are among the topics that are important next to the healthcare sector. This shows the importance of natural language and machine learning in extracting knowledge in healthcare services. Since 2006, the importance of knowledge extraction has received more attention. The co-occurrence of keywords shows that knowledge extraction is widely used with data mining, extraction, and artificial intelligence. The keywords of knowledge extraction and data mining in cluster 1, semantics, knowledge management, and information services in cluster 2, and information retrieval, internet, and human in cluster 3 have the highest centrality. The theme mapping shows that forecasting, multi-agent systems, and planning are themes with high density and low centrality, which are called niche themes. Semantics, web services, and knowledge-based systems are the main themes with low density and high centrality. Also, artificial intelligence, information management, and decision support systems are themes with low density and centrality, which are also known as emerging or declining themes. The forecasting cluster is located in the strategic knowledge cluster group. Information retrieval, knowledge extraction, and artificial intelligence are included in the cluster of practical knowledge. Semantics as a cluster including various experts and specialists such as domain experts, knowledge engineers, and programmers is in the collaborative cluster.

Knowledge extraction is an emerging interdisciplinary field in knowledge management and has a direct and significant impact on the country's economy. Knowledge development and integration of key issues in knowledge extraction are essential. According to the findings of this study, for the promotion and advancement of this process in the service industry, it is suggested to provide a strategic view in the use of metadata analysis of the context of activity and success of the service industry in knowledge extraction. Moreover, knowledge management as the primary discipline and domain can guarantee success in this process. The clusters identified in this study are also divided into three practical, strategic, and collaborative knowledge clusters. Moreover, the results of this research can help managers of organizations, especially their knowledge managers, to plan and make decisions in the field of service industries to facilitate optimal knowledge extraction and maintain competitive advantage.

Government investment and public debt are two important tools of financial policy affecting macroeconomic performance, which can be considered as one of the few remaining policy instruments to support growth. In the current study, the panel smooth transition regression model (PSTR) has been used to identify the threshold levels of government investment and public debt in 23 oil exporting countries during 2000 to 2021. Considering investment and public debt in separate models as transmission variables, the estimated results indicate the existence of a two-regime non-linear relationship. The estimation results show that in this group of countries, the positive effects of government investment on economic growth increase with the increase in the level of investment. During the first regime, public debt has a negative effect on economic growth. If public debt surpasses the threshold level, its negative impact on economic growth decreases.

This study aimed to identify the effective factors in the effectiveness of short-term research courses abroad for Ph.D. students inside. This qualitative research has been carried out focusing on conventional content analysis. The study population includes all specialized doctoral students in the country who have completed short courses of research abroad. By Stratified cluster sampling to the saturation level of the data, 18 people were studied. The tool used to gather information was a semi-structured interview. Based on the main and sub-themes, and considering the 100% positive effect on students' personal, professional and cultural development, the need to continue short-term research courses abroad was explained and the need for special attention of policymakers and decision-makers of higher education to this opportunity and redesign these courses based on the management experience of previous years and the lived experiences of students revealed. Redesign the services students need to send them abroad, using more effective management measures, providing the necessary funding and support, strengthening Internet communication infrastructure and the possibility of faster and higher-quality access to the world's scientific centers and the restoration and placement of human and social values in the context of academic discourse was achieved. International experience in higher education is the most important factor. Therefor, student exchange is the suitable path for developing and improving of lived experience of students in higher education especially in post-graduate courses.

Budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) is a tiny colorful parrot and one of the most popular pets worldwide. This study was performed on a 5-year-old male budgerigar with a large and fluid-filled mass in the anterior part of the neck. Fine needle aspiration was accomplished to determine tumor origin, and the tumor content was cultured on blood and MacConkey agars (aerobic and anaerobic conditions). Besides, tumor ultrasonography and whole-body radiographs were done in the lateral and ventrodorsal positions. Finally, the tumor was removed, fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H & E). The radiology and ultrasonography results showed that the tumor (5.2×4×3.7 cm) had a homogenous structure filled with echogenic fluid content. The tumor content culture revealed no bacterial growth. Histopathologically, the mass was composed of cystic spaces with invagination of the lining epithelial cells, forming intraluminal papillae. The tumor was diagnosed as a papillary cystadenocarcinoma.

Creative tourism, a form of cultural tourism, has the potential to foster economic, social, and cultural development in tourist destinations. The objective of this research is to elucidate the status of creative tourism and its impact on the economic development of Paveh city. The necessary data were collected through a questionnaire, and the analysis was done using one-sample t-test, Friedman test, Pearson correlation, and regression analysis. The results of the one-sample t-test revealed that the significance level for all five indicators is lower than the 5% error threshold, indicating that the average score for all five creative tourism indicators in Paveh city exceeds 3. Additionally, Friedman’s test for ranking the indicators demonstrated a significant difference among creative tourism indicators, signifying varying degrees of importance among them. Pearson’s correlation coefficients indicated a significant and positive relationship between creative tourism and economic development indicators. Furthermore, the investigation into the impact of creative tourism on the economic development of Paveh city, using the regression coefficient, revealed a strong correlation (R=0.622) between the extent of creative tourism and economic development. With a t-value of 9.862 and a significance level of 0.000, it can be concluded that creative tourism, with a beta coefficient of 0.622, has a notable impact on the economic development of Paveh city.

This paper aims to generate a genealogy of Digital Transformation employing visualization techniques of scientific documents which will contribute theoretically to the research field and practically to the business. To reach the genealogy, three relations including ancestors, fathers, and descendants were defined. The ancestors and fathers were respectively determined by Reference Publication Year Spectroscopy (RPYS) and Citation analysis. Identification of the descendants was done through the bibliographic coupling of the documents published in the last two years. Visualization of the ancestors, fathers, and descendants was respectively done via fathers’ reference co-citation analysis, citation analysis on documents, and clustering of the bibliographic couplings using VosViewer. The analysis of each cluster identifies the topics of each relation of the genealogy. The analysis of the ancestors showed that the ancestors have studied theoretical foundations in digital transformation to a great extent. according to the clusters obtained for the fathers, Business models, Strategy and Innovation, Industry 4.0, and Servitization were the dominant topics of this relation. The identified topical clusters of descendants contained Digital Transformation Nature, the Influence of Digitalization on Business, Industry 4.0 and Sustainability, Digital Twins, and other Technologies in Industry 4.0, Digital Transformation, and Medicine, and Digital Transformation, Smart City, and The Effect on Financial and Economic Services showing the focus of latest research in specific technologies and innovation. The generated genealogy can be used to anticipate future trends and measures to be taken by businesses to realize digital transformation.

Regarding the daily developments achieved in science and technology, Research and Development is now known as the key to success for industries. Moreover, the production of knowledge and its distribution and application play a vital role in creating noble commodities and can finally lead to technological innovation within industrial complexes’ R&D units. Having acknowledged scientific collaboration’s vitality en-route the achievement of products’ know-how and paying cautious attention to modeling acceleration plus creating differentiation for the end product, the present study has taken an inter-disciplinary approach to finding the best way of applying knowledge to industry. It also seeks a proper counter to the challenging question of “What are the varieties to knowledge-based collaborations within the Research and Development value chain?”

The present study is descriptive-dynamic in terms of coherence and a functional one in terms of objectives. The employed statistical society comprises 15 elites chosen judgmentally. Being a composition of two qualitative methods, utilizing Delphi and Fuzzy methods and quantitative by Cluster Analysis employing SPSS and R softwares, the study has tried its best to examine theoretical basics in real-life situations so that the most tangible results are obtained and presented.

the gained results from elites’ approaches over Delphi’s twin levels that identify the required criteria as well as scientific collaborations in addition to the cluster analysis on knowledge-based cooperation over the value chain all depict that four questionnaires plus 12 components together form the varieties of knowledge-based collaborations within the R&D value chain.

The results of the 3-level analyses depict that knowledge-based collaborations within Iran’s national innovation system can be categorized into four groups: leading, creation, distribution, and science absorption. The mentioned categories possess 12 sub-branches leading to knowledge-based collaborations via 4 clusters—the varieties, including strategic innovations and sciences, together with cover 15 activities. In comparison, the varieties including scientific creations and innovations cover 33 activities, and those concerning strategic innovations and sciences seem to cover 13 activities. Last but not least, absorbing sciences and innovation strategies cover 26 activities out of the total 80 activities throughout the research and development value chain. Knowledge-based collaborations can expand cooperation in 4 various clusters, which itself can reduce errors throughout the process of achieving the know-how and modeling and evolution acceleration plus creating differentiation for the end product. R&D sections’ Knowledge-based collaborations bear 4 clusters and 3 levels. The 4-elemented 1st level utters the knowledge-based nature of interactions within productions chains and innovative services resulting in the production, spread and absorption of knowledge throughout the national system of innovation if proper strategies are determined. The 12-elemented 2nd level displays interactions’ variety plus R&D’s complexity covering the production cycle from ideas formation until its abrogation. The 80-elemented 3rd level depicts the conducted efforts within the R&D value chain aligned with interior and exterior interactions that together lead to innovative technologies.

Considering the importance of knowledge extraction as one of the stages of knowledge acquisition in the organization, this article aims to identify the effective components and dimensions of intelligent knowledge extraction and determine the importance of each one. Using the seven-step method of Wilson and Lipsey (2001), 280 research articles retrieved from databases were examined, and finally, 32 articles were evaluated. The critical Assessment Skills Program was used to score the articles. To extract codes and concepts, the articles were entered into the Atlas.ti software. Shannon's entropy was used to determine the importance of each component. In this research, 51 codes were categorized into 6 main dimensions (individual factors, education and learning, technology agents and smart technology, knowledge, dynamism and agility, and organizational factors). The results show that the component of "empowerment" has the most frequency and importance in extracting knowledge. This result shows the importance of training human resources in strengthening the organization. Also, in the spider diagram, the teaching and learning dimension has the highest weight among the identified dimensions. In this field, there is no organized study of the factors affecting intelligent knowledge extraction. Therefore, as a pioneer, this research has achieved an organized framework for extracting knowledge and determining the importance of each identified dimension by categorizing themes. With the increasing importance of knowledge management in recent years, the attention of organizations and companies' managers has been attracted to processes leading to achieving, controlling, and making available their knowledge as an organizational asset. Knowledge as an organizational asset plays an extremely vital role today. Organizations necessitate knowledge related to their business field to achieve a competitive advantage.