ferdos aghagolzadeh

The main purpose of this study was to investigate how words are retrieved in the picture naming tasks (retrieval is discrete serial or cascading and networked) by examining the effect of word cognateness on the ability to name. Obtaining normal data on the ability to name of Mazandarani-Persian bilingual individuals with different genders, ages, and educational groups, was another goal of this study.

In this cross-sectional study, after completing the language proficiency questionnaire, 120 Mazandarani-Persian individuals named 109 nouns and 90 verbs in Mazandarani and Persian languages. The speed and voice of people were recorded by DMDX software.

The results show that the accuracy of the naming cognate nouns in Mazandarani, cognate verbs in Mazandarani and Persian, and the speed of naming cognate nouns in Mazandarani is more than non-cognate (P=0.000). Cognate status, gender (men), word type (noun), level of education, and Persian language had a positive effect on naming accuracy.

The results of this study are an example of the effect of cognate status on naming ability and thus confirming the cascaded activation model. Also, gender (men), word type (noun), level of education, and Persian language has a positive effect on naming accuracy.

The present study investigates analysis of ideological structures in Persian Language Newspapers in Kurdistan province. The data of this research is collected from these newspaper '250 texts about Iran's Parliament and approval of Free Trade Zones at the specified interval (November 2015 to May 2016). The research methodology is descriptive–analytic and it attempts to analyze the mentioned newspapers by using CDA based on Fairclough's approach and Van Leeuwen's model. The findings show that by examining the texts of newspapers (Sirvan, Soran, Rojan, Diarkohan and Dahngi Kurdistan), ideological structures are more explicit in Soran newspaper. They have the least amount of implicitness and mystification rate which is absolutely in favor of the main current dominant over the political geography of Kurdistan province. Sirvan is also perfectly in favor of the dominant events in the country and contains the most mystification. Dangi Kurdistan and Dyar Kohan have shown critical approaches toward some dominant currents and factions over Iran’s 10th parliament. Rojan focusing on approval of Free Trade Zones in Bane–Marivan, showed a different attitude toward the parliament's policies.

Traditionally it is thought that the organization of components in a syllable and among syllables follows the sonority principles. The sonority factor not only restricts the ordering of phonological units at the syllable level, but also influences the word domain and determines the type of sequences present at the boundary of syllables. The purpose of this study is to investigate the rate of violation of affricate clusters and sequences through the sonority sequencing principle. In order to answer this question, (15446) compound and derivative-compound words for sequence and (14336) simplex words for cluster have been collected from Persian dictionaries and the phonological information related to each word was extracted. The results indicated that: A: The affricates frequency as a second member in the cluster is (5.7) times more than that of the first member and in the sequence is (2.3) times more than the first member. B: The frequency of negative sonority scope in the cluster is (82%) and in the sequence (74%). Also, the violation of the SSP in the cluster is (18%) and in the sequence (26%). C: All the violations of the SSP in clusters in the simplex words are related to the loan words.
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Verbal violence is a kind of lingual behavior and also is a form of social practice that entails the range of social structures, situational models, and linguistic codes which are appeared in the cultural system of a society, like the other social acts. These structures, models, and codes are prerequisites to the event of the lingual behaviors. The theoretical framework of this research is the Fairclough Critical Discourse Analysis Approach. The method of the present study is descriptive- analyzing, and the major aim of this study is to emphasize on the role of verbal violence of Persian movies with social dramatic genre, as an effective factor on the cultural and social structure of the society as well as determining the lingual strategies in representing this kind of verbal violence. This effect finally leads to differences in language usages and the kind of words selected. According to the face to face interactions of actors in movies as the participants in the discourses of these movies, the kind of words and grammatical structures and also the structures of the texts used in these movies are different. The results of this research show that in these movies, the context of a situation, type of discourse as well as social problems such as hopelessness, disloyalty, incorrect traditional beliefs, infant torment, addiction, the marriage of convenience and divorce are prerequisite to the event of the verbal violence. Finally, regarding the results of this research, metaphor, oath, curse, out of the common lexicon and taboo, reference, form of address, imperative and interrogative sentences, direct and indirect speech acts are lingual strategies to represent the verbal violence, and also social problems in these movies.

Archaic narratives have lived among people and endured through ages. These narratives either verbal or scripted have been transferred by one generation to another. But being auditory & verbal has been regarded as an all-time feature for them. Recent Narratives & stories which are being produced in media & broadcasted do not have the persistence of archaic ones except a few. Recognition of each element of these narratives individually provides us the possibility of updating the structure of our narratives and consequently we recognize the features which make a narrative to become persisting through time. To achieve our goal, we have applied qualitative analysis methodology. Narrative analysis is analytical approach in qualitative analysis. In this research Narratology of Ledube has been studied from dramatic structure point of view in order to present a model for radio scripting based on Narratology.

This research is done via librarian method and making reference to texts of 36 Iranian and western newspapers, new agencies and magazines. The theoretical framework of this study is Van Djik’s theory of ideology and the compliance of each of news genres with this theory will be studied and compared. It is supposed that the effect of relation of power in news discourse and compliance of each of news categories with Van Djik’s theory of ideology is different and the amount of this affect can be measured and compared by the strategies he has introduced. It is also supposed that the political news will be affected by the relation of power most and scientific news will be affected less. Results show that the frequency of usage of these strategies in American media is higher than Iranian media. Also both Iranian and American media used Lexicalization strategy with higher frequency compared to other strategies. The reason is that it can be represented in referee’s mind more easily so that it meets the Economy Principle in linguistics.

RADIO is an audio media in which language plays a major role. Language is the main element in a radio drama. Audio elements in radio drama has the essence of drama and language among these elements, has a very important and special seat. What an audience takes as gender, is just a performer speaking voice. This feature helps the performer to play out of his/her own gender by only switching/imitating voice. But voice is not the only way to discover the gender, the manner of talking and feelings of the performer are also good detectors for audience to discover the gender. Thus, if we want to know the” action” and thoughts of a character, it’s important to know his/her gender through his/her speech. Establishing a good relation between audiences and the media is the core that would happen with language and the acceptability level of performer’s speaking manner. Language is social phenomena and a social structure pattern. People use their language not just to reveal their ideas or emotions but to describe their relation to get their identification. Thus, it is in a radio drama that “gendered language” can show its importance. Linguistics of gender is a well-known concept in linguistics. It has been examined widely to gain varied theories about linguistic manner of male and female which is used consciously or unconsciously in our daily life among the wide range of people. Gendered language governs the language of both sexes and we are witnessing its intentional or unintentional use in our life, in a way if people avoid it, others will notice or may be offended. ”gender” differs “sex”. Gender is a package of behaviors, roles, acts and social thoughts that prevailing culture in every society dictates to both male and female sexes. Gendered language is a language property that makes phonetic and semantic diversity based on what social culture dictates to male and female. Regarding this, knowing the “action” and thoughts of characters should be based on knowing appropriate utterance of the gender in a drama. In the following research after studying the “gendered language” features, we will dig its uses in radio dramas to clarify its influence on creating “action” and “characterization” in a dramatic work. At the end what we will conclude, helps us with “dialogue scripts” to make them in proportion with “character’s gender” and achieving to a “dramatic characterization”. Regarding the theoretical Foundation of the research (gender pattern) and after qualitative analysis of the content of 10 performed radio drama on RADIO JAVAN channel during 80th, we found out that gendered language has different features for male and female. These features are listed in five categories of time, manner, kind, shape and title of speech. It will also be known that using gendered language leads to creating “character” and “act”. Gendered language nurtures characters and displays acts by two contradictory equivalent forces.

The present study deals with imperative mood in Persian language based on prototype theory which is one of sub-theories of the cognitive linguistics approach. The research hypotheses are based on distinctions between the form and meaning components in the imperative mood and its distribution in the language corpus of contemporary literature. The aim of this paper is to describe and classify the criterion of the imperative mood in different language levels and beyond.
According to the cognitive linguistics approach, language is part of a cognitive system and the syntactic structure of a language cant be studied separately, but all influential factors should be considered from different lingual aspects. The data analysis was carried out through descriptive and qualitative methods. It was found that the base of the verb has a high frequency in the corpus, but the form and meaning are different, with the meaning of imperative mood depending on the context. As a result, all language layers, forms and meanings in description and classification of the imperative mood should be taken into account to be analyzed cognitively.

This research is to analyze the effects of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) on reading comprehension of Iranian EFL learners. After providing a useful synopsis, this research is to contextualize CDA in two ranges of learning situations and classifies how CDA can shed new perceptions on learning. Detailed systematic measures are included to clarify the procedure of conducting CDA. The participants were 61 male and female M.A. English students of Boroujerd Islamic Azad University, selected on a non- random basis by applying a TOEFL test among over 91 EFL M.A. students considered to be at the same level. Those whose scores on the test were from 224 to 316 with the mean of 273.736 were considered as the participants of this study. They had received instructions on English language for 16 sessions at Boroujerd Islamic Azad University. The participants were native speakers of Farsi. Any word, phrase, or structure can have different possible meanings, which is known as the meaning range. Focusing on the implied meaning of the text, the learners of the second language reach a better understanding of the text and consequently of the second language. The present research shows how seven elements offered by Fairclough's model in critical discourse analysis can affect reading ability of Iranian EFL learners. Also,besides scrutinizing the effect of CDA in EFL learners, the researcher introduces the seven elements of Fairclough's model as well.

Critical metaphor analysis is a perspective that aims to bring together perspectives from critical discourse analysis, corpus analysis, pragmatics and cognitive linguistics. The fundamental functions of metaphor in discourse are foregrounding and backgrounding of ideologies, and representation and reproduction of ideologies in media which these functions were analyzed in newspapers. In this research, different approaches to critical metaphor analysis were introduced and then many instances of discourse metaphor from Resalat, Keyhan, Iran, Mardomsalari and Aftabe Yazd newspapers were analyzed based on Van Dijk’s critical discourse analysis approach and Cameron’s discourse metaphor approach. Research data represent that the fundamental functions of metaphor in discourse are foregrounding and backgrounding of ideologies, and representation and reproduction of ideologies in media and also research data analysis represents that ideological strategies of systemic metaphor in discourse include polarization, positive self- representation and negative other- representation, actor description, antagonism, example/illustration, evidentiality, national self-glorification, consensus, repetition, implication, explanation and lexicalization.

This paper aims at studying the meters which are common between Arabic and Persian poems. To this end, we examine and discuss the theory of Golston and Riad (1998) about classical meters. These classical meters in turn are driven from the theory of metrics by Khalil Ibn Ahmad, the famous grammarian and the founder of Aruz (prosody). Golston and Riad's theory is one of the well-known theories in scientific interpretation and classification of Alkhalil meters, and is written in the framework of prosodic metrics. Though this theory is essentially for Arabic meters, it's vividly applicable to Persian meters, too. Metric units of this theory are: syllable, foot, metron, and hemistich the dominant property of which is "binarity". Here we first examine the different dimensions of the theory and then study the theoretical implications of it in the realm of Persian meters. Findings of this research show that the distinct appreciation of the Arab and the Persian about their respective verses has its roots in phonology.

This paper provides an Optimality-Theoretic account of dissimilation in standard Persian as well as some other accents and dialects of Persian. As such, this work starts by introducing Optimality Theory (henceforth OT) and its basic concepts and then it investigates dissimilation in this framework. It argues for the superiority of OT over derivational approaches regarding a case in which both dissimilation and assimilation, with no clear feeding order, are involved.