hossein yahya zadeh

The aim of this research is to present a model for the development of the tourism industry with an emphasis on the role of media management using a mixed approach. A mixed (qualitative-quantitative) approach has been used in this research. The statistical sample in the qualitative part included 15 professors and specialists and experts in communication, media and tourism: and in the quantitative part of the research, it included 200 managers and senior tourism experts in Mazandaran. In the first step of the research, the coding of the specialized research interviews was done using the qualitative analysis of the theme with MAXQDA v10.R150410 software. In the next step, the results of confirmatory factor analysis with Smart PLS software are presented. Then, the existing categories were leveled with the structural-interpretive method with MicMac software and the initial research model was designed. Based on the results obtained in this research, advertising, service quality, policy making, participation of local people, tourism culture, proper use of the environment, income generation in tourism destination and infrastructure facilities were identified as the main components that have an impact on the tourism industry. The results of the quantitative part of the research showed that the proposed model has a good fit and credibility for the impact of mass media on the development of the tourism industry.

In Iran, the incidence of colorectal cancer has been increasing over the last 25 years. Although left-sided colon cancers are still more common, several studies in recent years have shown a shift toward right colon. This rightward shift could have important clinical and healthcare consequences, as right-sided tumors generally have poorer prognoses compared to left-sided tumors and besides, are more likely to be missed in screening colonoscopy.

This retrospective study aimed at describing the demographic and clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with colon cancer based on tumor sidedness in two referral hospitals in Tehran.

Data of the patients with colon cancer who had been treated from 2010 to 2020 in two referral hospitals in Tehran, Iran were retrospectively reviewed. Collected data included patients’ demographics, tumor histology and differentiation, tumor location, stage, and disease-free survival (DFS).

A total of 1535 cases entered the study including 849 (55.3%) males and 686 (44.7%) females with a mean age of 58.22 years (range: 22 - 89). Regarding the sidedness, 800 (52.1%) had left-sided and 735 (47.9%) had right-sided tumors. Although there were more cases of left-sided tumors compared to right-sided ones on total, there existed a trend toward shifting to the right side, which was statistically significant. There existed more cases of poorly differentiated tumors in the right side and besides, right-sided tumors had poorer DFS compared to the left-sided tumors (68.3% vs 78.3%).

Left and right colon tumors differ in molecular mechanisms involved in tumorigenesis. These differences in epidemiological, molecular and histological parameters can have clinical implications. Tumor-sidedness should be acknowledged as an important epidemiological parameter with significant impacts on screening, tumorgenesis, response to treatment, and prognosis.

SCC of the prostate is different from other adenocarcinomas in its treatment and prognosis. Here, the patient is a 57-year-old man with benign prostatic hyperplasia that underwent a prostatectomy and, after one month with hematuria and another follow-up radical cystoprostatectomy with lymphadenectomy and urethrectomy. After recovery, the patient experienced radiotherapy and chemotherapy sessions. So, from a review of other literature, we present our case report of squamous cell carcinoma of the prostate that is more aggressive than adenocarcinoma.

Breast cancer is the most prevalent Iranian female malignancy. Breast screening reduces the number of malignant breast diseases. We aimed to assess the results of the pilot breast cancer screening on early detection in female medical staff in Milad Hospital, Tehran, Iran. A cross-sectional study. Female medical staff from Milad Hospital, Tehran, Iran, were examined by a specialist in 2016. A checklist, including demographic data, was completed by the participants. If necessary, they referred to as sonography or mammography. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Of 746 people enrolled, 137 had no pathological point, 609 had suspicious or positive findings that were referred for further investigation, 449 had normal findings, and 7 had suspicious mass and were biopsied, 6 were benign. One case had primary invasive cancer. Since screening for breast cancer helps to early detection of this disease, the implementation of cancer screening programs should be on the priority of health authorities.

 Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and perineural invasion (PNI) are relatively common in various malignancies including colorectal cancers and have been shown to have prognostic significance.

 The aim of this study was to identify the clinical and pathological variables associated with LVI and PNI in patients with colorectal carcinoma, who have been treated at Milad General Hospital in Tehran, Iran.

 The records of the patients with the diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma, who had undergone an operation at Milad General Hospital (Tehran, Iran) between 2012 and 2017, were reviewed. All patients, whose pathology reports and treatment records were available at Milad Hospital, were included. Relevant demographic, pathological, and surgical data, including age, gender, tumor location, maximum tumor size, pathologic Tumor, Node, Metastasis (TNM) stage, and grade and number of removed lymph nodes were extracted from the medical records.

 In total, 547 patients (374 cases of colon cancer and 173 cases of rectal cancer) enrolled in the study. The prevalence of LVI and PNI was 16.4% and 30.7%, respectively. LVI and PNI were found to be associated with higher tumor grade, higher T-stage, and higher overall stage.

 Colorectal carcinomas with positive LVI or PNI are more likely to have a higher grade, higher T-stage, and higher overall stage, and PNI is an independent factor for advanced disease.
 

Sentinel lymph node dissection after neoadjuvant chemotherapy is of questionable accuracy. In this study, accuracy and feasibility of sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with breast cancer presented with clinically positive axillary nodes were evaluated. We conducted a cross sectional study on patients with breast cancer treated at Milad Hospital of Tehran, Iran from June 2014 to February 2015. Clinically node positive patients (proven by biopsy), who became clinically node-negative by ultrasonography and physical examination following neoadjuvant chemotherapy and had been dissected up to 3 lymph nodes according to sentinel lymph node pattern, were included in the study. We used a 2 × 2 contingency table to analyze the feasibility of sentinel lymph node biopsy (sensitivity, specificity, false negative ratio, and accuracy). STATA statistical software (version 13.0, StataCorp LP, Texas, USA) was used for statistical analysis. Among 52 patients, who entered the study, 47 patients had been dissected up to 3 lymph nodes according to sentinel lymph node pattern. We achieved a sensitivity of 100% (16/16), false-negative rate of 0% (0/21), a negative predictive value of 100% (26/26), and an overall accuracy of 89.4%. Sentinel lymph node dissection seems to be feasible and accurate in clinically lymph node positive patients with breast cancer, who achieve a clinically negative node status by ultrasonography and physical examination, following neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Colorectal cancer is a highly prevalent cancer around the world and Iran. There are different criteria that can affect the survival rate of this disease. Surgical margin status is one of these criteria; there are still challenges about how it can change the surveillance of the disease. In this study, we assessed the relativity between surgical margin status and the stage of disease in Iranian patients suffering from colorectal cancer. This is an observational cross-sectional study. A total of 797 patients with colorectal cancer were included and a checklist of demographic, clinical, and pathological data was filled for each one. Based on the pathology result of the biopsy, the patients were divided into different histological groups. Surgical margin status was defined individually. To declare the relativity between surgical margin status and independent variables, we used Spearman’s rho test. The stage of the disease and its histological type and grade were significantly correlated. There was also a significant correlation between histological grade and type of the disease. Surgical margin status and stage of the disease are challenging prognostic factors in disease recurrence and survival. The patients who participated in this study had meanly higher age and stage of diagnosis than earlier studies either global or local. It can be due to a lack of a systematic program for early detection of CR cancer in Iran that emphasizes the necessity of GI screening systems.

We studied the number of lymph nodes (LN) assessed in gastric cancer, and evaluated the association between different factors and a lower number of LN assessed.
We conducted a retrospective study in three hospitals in Tehran city, I.R. Of Iran. We used patient medical and pathological reports and obtained personal and clinical information. We studied the association of being on the N3 stage with the number of assessed lymph nodes (NALN), gender, tumor size, T stage, hospital, tumor site, histopathological diagnosis, tumor grade and age at diagnosis. In addition, we estimated the association between NALN and different clinical variables. A logistic regression model estimated the crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).
The average number of NALN was 10.48 (±6.9). We found that the probability of being diagnosed as stage N3 was significantly lower in patients who had less than 15 LN assessed compared to those who had more than 15 LN assessed in their pathology reports (OR=0.2; 95% CI 0.1-0.4). The hospital, tumor sizes were significantly associated with NALN.
Lower NALN led to stage migration and underestimation of the real tumor stage in GC patients. The LN assessments were lower than recommended by the American Joint Cancer Clinician Association in all the three hospitals included in this study. Developing national guidelines, training surgeons and pathologists, conducting regular monitoring and evaluation of the data is necessary to increase NALN and thus improve the staging of GC patients.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the breast is a rare tumor, especially observed in males.
We presented a 42-year-old man, initially diagnosed with small cell carcinoma (SCC) by core needle biopsy. He underwent breast modified radical mastectomy (MRM) and axillary lymph node dissection; his final histopathological diagnosis was ACC. After surgery, although the patient was recommended to have post-operative chemo-radiotherapy, he did not comply. The patient is on follow-up for more than a year with no recurrence until now.
ACC of the breast is a rare malignancy with excellent prognosis and favorable tumor biology. It could be mistaken with triple negative breast cancer, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIC), and small cell carcinoma.

Glioblastoma Multiform has been a common and fatal brain tumor. In this regard, there was ambiguity around patient survival rates in Iran que to data insufficiency. In this study, we have analyzed the overall and progression free survival in GBM patients at Milad Tehran hospital.
In this retrospective study, we have considered survival, clinical characteristics and prognostic factors in 123 primary GBM patients who underwent surgical procedure (Biopsy or Resection) between February 2010 and June 2015 at Milad hospital, Tehran, Iran. All patients have pathologically proven as primary GBM. The overall survival and progression free survival has calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The Cox proportional hazards model has used for univariate analysis of prognostic factors. Age, gender, first symptom of the disease, tumor location and size, treatment protocol, and surgery have considered in the Cox model as prognostic factor.
One hundred and one patients have been studied. The mean age of the patients was 52.12 1.64, 67% of the patients were male, and 20% of the patients has not included in adjuvant therapy due to the patients low performance status after surgery. Patient median survival time was approximately 10.1 (6.3 - 11.8); 80% of the patient survive more than a month; and 57% of the patient has survived for six month, and one year survival of the patients was about 37%. Median progression free survival time was about 6.3 month, one-month progression free survival was 70%, and six months and one year progression free survival rates were 50% and 26%, respectively. Patients higher than 50 years have shown significant, 2 times more chance of death (HR = 2.00 CI 95% (1.3 - 3.2)) or disease progression (HR 1.94 CI 95% (1.3 - 3.2)). Correspondingly, patients who has not included in adjuvant therapy had 3.9 CI 95% ( 2.3 - 6.8) more hazard of death and 2.8 CI 95% (1.6 - 4.8) more chances of disease progression than who included in adjuvant therapy with TMZ and radiotherapy. Gender, symptom, tumor location or surgery type have not significantly affected patient prognosis.
GBM patient’s survival would be quite poor. Nevertheless, this result was similar to the other reports from other centers and countries.

This article is about some of the problems of spouses of veterans who less attention has been paid to them in the study of the effects and implications of the eight-year war between Iran and Iraq. Although perhaps in the history of war and social life of the community is less doubtful, but individuals, groups and social classes are affected with different levels of this phenomenon.
The present study’s aim is to investigate the issues of veteran’s spouses’ life experiences that despite of the passage of nearly three decades of war, they are still involved in consequences within their family. This study has been conducted with the participation of 15 wives of veterans (mobility, chemical and mental impairment veterans over 25%), with employing a qualitative method called grounded theory and using semi-structured interviews. These women’s issues are classified under four categories include: Psychological issues, family issues, economic and socio-cultural issues.
Studies show that spouses of veterans are faced with specific and notable issues in their lives. Each of these issues includes different aspects, meanwhile creating a cause and effect in their relationship, communicate with each other and influence each other.

In recent years, divorce growth rate has led to an increase in the number of children of divorce. These children have a lot of problems and issues hidden from view. Undoubtedly, parental separation is an annoying phenomenon for most of them. Studies indicate that children of divorce usually confront many social and psychological problems in their lives.
In this paper, we have conducted a meta-analysis method to analyze the published internal papers in this field. Finally, we came to 20 articles and took them into consideration. the Internal research are mostly focused on mental health and its sub-scales, and the results show that the condition of children of divorce is more undesirable than that of orphan children and those from intact families. Some of these studies also show the positive impact of intervention programs on children of divorce. What is neglected in these studies is examining the social damages threatening these children.

Nowadays, urban spaces are a component for occurrence of urban anomalies and consequently the lack of security occurrence in cities. Therefore, identifying factors which cause fear and anxiety for citizens is a necessary measure. The present study is meant to investigate the relationship between feeling secure and social capital of the citizens in Zahedan City and strategies to promote security in this city. the present study is descriptive-analytical one conducted using library and field studies. The main part of doing this research was survey. The population of the research included citizens residing in Zahedan for more than 15 years. The sample of the study was selected using multi-stage cluster sampling and also using the Cochran formula the sample size included 382 participants. The data were obtained from survey method and standard and a researcher-made questionnaire which its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha equaled as (α =0.94). To test the hypotheses and analyzing the data, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression were employed. the findings of the study indicate that the correlation between citizen's feeling secure and their social-economic statuses, social disorder, social capital and understanding the amount of occurrence of crimes is significant in such a way that the degree of citizen's feeling secure is dependent on their sex and the literacy level. In evaluating the amount of social capital of variables of social support and social trust are positive effects, in contrast to variables of risk and threats and understanding the amount of occurrence of crimes are negative effects on the degree of citizen's feelingsecure. The degree of citizen's feelingsecurein general indicates a mean lower than moderate level. The social capital situation between citizens is also significantly low and lower than the moderate level in such a way that indices of risk and threat and after that social trust and social support indicate the highest correlation with citizen's feeling secure

Students as a completing the national capital, manpower planners and policy-makers of tomorrow are of particular interest to the community. For this reason, it is essential to student's skills and ability to deal with problems, so they are healthy to protect themselves and their personality development and health promotion.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of effective communication and assertiveness skills training on social adjustment of newly entered students of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences.
Research method was semi-experimental with pre–post and follow-up tests with control and experimental groups. The population was 120 students who entered in Kurdistan University of medical sciences in second semester. The sample. 54 students were replaced randomly in two Experimental and control groups. Research Tools was adjustment Test for Students made by Farahbakhsh. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis of covariance.
Findings showed that training these two independent variants has been could increase the student's social adjustment. Also, follow-up findings showed that effective communication and assertiveness skills persisted until two months later.
Training Effective communication and assertiveness skills could increase students’ social adjustment So, It is suggested that holding workshops with above subjects can provide the increase of student's social adjustment.

Thepresent research aims to study the social health rate and the social factors effective on it among women heading households in Qurveh city, Kurdistan province. The theoretical framework of the studyconsists of the Keyes’s social health approach, Weber's theory of socio-economic status, Stark and Gluck model of religious beliefs, and Vatzik’s model of communication skills.The statistical population included all women heading households in Qurveh city who were under coverage of State Welfare Organization (n=92). Also, 92 housewives residing in the same city were randomly selected to be surveyed as the comparison. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between women heading households and housewives, in terms of the social health rate and its different aspects (including five aspects). Moreover,no significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of socio-economic variables, religious beliefs, and communication skills.