javad kazemi

Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β (GSK3β) is a multifunctional serine/threonine-protein kinase that serves as a pivotal regulator of various human pluripotent stem cell (hPSCs) functions, including self-renewal, adhesion, survival, and differentiation in addition to have an effect on motility of sperm. Despite advancement in understanding the critical roles of GSK3β inhibition in various stem cell functions, the exact molecular basis of its inactivation using various small-molecule inhibitors remains poorly understood. Investigating the mechanistic details of the actions of inhibitors targeting GSK3 proteins, such as CHIR99021, Azakenpaullone, and Tricantin, could be extremely beneficial for improving novel defined stem cell culture systems and cancer research. The present study aimed to predict the binding mode of the aforementioned ligands with GSK3β, by molecular docking and metadynamic simulation, and compare the three-dimensional structure of the inactive conformation of GSK3β in the presence of three inhibitors. Also, the pharmacokinetic or ADMET properties of ligands, such as Lipinski's rule of five violations for drug-likeness, QPlog S, QPlog K, and bioactivity scoring, were predicted. The analysis of protein stability revealed that in the absence of inhibitors, the GSK3β has higher flexibility, while in the presence of CHIR and AZA, the rate of flexibility of most protein regions, especially the envelope area, decreased. It was found that though all small molecules are capable of facilitating the inhibition of GSK3β protein, but the flexibility of protein is a bit higher for CHIR than those for other two ligands.

Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) is a multifunctional serine/thronine kinase that play as a bottleneck protein in the WNT signaling pathway in various functions of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) such as Self-renewal, survival and differentiation. Since the inhibition of GSK3β leads to the differentiation of PSCs, the use of appropriate inhibitors that inhibit GSK3β at lower concentrations can be economically affordable. One of the most important inhibitors is CHIR99021, which can improve the culture and differentiation systems of PSCs. Present study aimed to investigate the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation such as Root Means Square Deviation (RMSD), Root Means Square fluctuation (RMSF), number of hydrogen bonds, principal component analysis (PCA), radius of gyration, Gibbs free energy landscape, in the presence and absence of CHIR99021 were evaluated and the stability and structural changes of GSK3β protein were simulated using GROMACS 2021.1 software. In addition, the pharmacokinetic properties of this compound were predicted using Schrӧdinger, LLC, New York, NY, Release 2015-2 software. The results of these studies showed that CHIR99021 binds to the active site of GSK3β through hydrogen bonding and produces its inhibitory effect, thus causing instability of the GSK3β structure. Docking and computational analysis confirmed that this chemical compound can be effectively used for directing cell fate and differentiation of PSCs.

It is necessary to have a suitable tool for measuring the tendency to use the Covid-19 vaccine. The aim of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of the tendency to use Covid-19 vaccine questionnaire among health care workers of a hospital in Tehran, Iran. 

This is an instrumentation type of methodological. Fifty-six questions were considered as the items of the questionnaire. For testing the validity, the face validity and content validity were used in correspondence with 10 experts’ opinions. Reliability check was performed through the Cronbach's alpha and test- retest. Finally, the structural validity was evaluated with 474 subjects.

The results showed that the scales of the tendency to use Covid-19 vaccine questionnaire have an appropriate face validity for all items with an impact score higher than 1.5 and an appropriate content validity ratio in the range of 0.70 and a sufficient content validity index in the range of 0.73 to 087. Also, it had an acceptable internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha) in the range of 0.87 to 0.96. Also, the reliability of the test-retest ranged from 0.68 to 0.92. For the structural validity, 8 factors were selected with a factor value higher than 0.4. Also, in the confirmatory section of the factors an acceptable goodness of fit index (GFI) (Range from 0.91 to 0.98) and the root mean square error in the range of 0.33 to 0.49 was achieved. In total, four questions were removed in the content validity ratio review stage and one question was removed in the content validity index review stage.

The results of this study showed that the tendency to use Covid-19 vaccine questionnaire has sufficient validity and reliability and is a suitable tool for evaluating the health staff’s tendency towards vaccination. Ultimately, this questionnaire was approved with 8 factors (perceived sensitivity, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, ‌self-efficacy, knowledge and behavior) and 51 questions.

Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) using safe and non-viral methods play pivotal role in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In current study, we aimed to generate iPSCs from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in the presence of different small molecule and chemical compounds. PBMCs were isolated using Ficoll gradient method and their proliferation was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Reprogramming of extracted PBMCs was mediated using a combination of small molecule such as 5-Azacitidine, Kenpaullone, sodium butyrate and RepSox, which are generally epigenetic modulator of genes (OCT4, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc) involved on pluripotent cell. Then, resulted pluripotent stem cells were cultured and identified on feeder MEFs. LPS effectively caused an increase in the number of PMBCs after 5 hours. Blood cells were successfully converted to iPSCs after treatment with different chemical compounds and small molecules for 14 days and then transferred on supportive mouse embryonic fibroblasts. The use of small molecules is a safe and cost-effective method for generating iPSCs from PBMCs. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts serve as a feeder layer for production of growth factors and preserving pluripotency of stem cells.

Lifestyle can play an important role in controlling type II diabetes (T2D), and a high‑risk lifestyle can exacerbate its effects. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of motivational interviewing with self‑development education on T2D patients’ lifestyle.

This was a quasi‑experimental study in 2017–2018. The design was pretest–posttest with an active comparison group. The population of this study was T2D patients of Firouzgar and Imam Reza Hospitals in Tehran. Using targeted sampling, 80 patients were selected and randomly assigned into experimental and comparison groups. The instrument was a tool for assessing lifestyle determinants in T2D patients(determinants of lifestyle behavior questionnaire) based on the theory of planned behavior. Intervention program was initially performed, and motivational interviewing was conducted on Firouzgar Hospital’s patients for 10 sessions while self‑development education was conducted on Imam Reza Hospital’s patients for 10 sessions (active comparison group). To analyze the data, independent t‑test and Chi‑square test were used.

The results showed that the patients who received motivational interviewing had significant improvement in their lifestyles with a 95% confidence level at P = 0.042, compared to the patients who had been trained with self‑development education.

Motivational interviewing improves the lifestyle of T2D patients compared to self‑development education. It is recommended that motivational interviewing be used to help the rehabilitation of these patients. This method helps patients control their blood sugar while improving their lifestyle.

This study investigated the symbolic elements of colored drawings in autistic children in comparison with normal ones through a "Draw-a-Person" test.

The peresent research is a Causal-Comparative study. The statistical population of this study was all autistic children in elementry grade and normal children in range of 6 years old in 2019 of Tehran Province. The sample population was estimated by Cochran's method and random cluster sampling. The size of sample was 30 normal children who were chosen from different kindergartens(including: Nik Golan, Naghmehaye Zendegi, Ali and Reza, and Bagh-e-Gol) and 30 autistic children who were selected from different districts of Tehran Province. The instrument used in this research was the Iranian 1993-version of colored "Draw-a-Person" test. Data were analyzed by Independent T-test.

The results showed that there was a significant difference in drawing scales of the head, clothes, body design, color, and place of drawing between normal children and autistic ones.

The cognitive and emotional-sentimental world, hidden needs, intents and desires, and finally communicational issues can be understood from the symbolic elements of the colored drawings of autistic children in comparison with normal ones.

 Patients with spinal cord injuries suffer from some psychological problems, such as inadequate emotional regulation and flexibility for adapting to the post-injury condition. In this regard, acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) can improve psychological flexibility and emotional regulation.

 The main goal of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of ACT in improving psychological flexibility and emotional regulation in patients with spinal cord injuries.

 This quasi-experimental design study was based on a pretest-posttest method with a control group. The study population consisted of all patients with spinal cord injury referred to Jalaeipour Rehabilitation Center in Tehran. The study sample included 30 patients with spinal cord injury selected by the purposive sampling method. The inclusion criteria were patients aged 20 to 55 years, residing in Tehran, and with at least a high school diploma. The injury duration varied between one and five years, and the injuries were thoracic and lumbar injuries and an intermediate score of psychological flexibility and emotion regulation. The exclusion criteria were patients with cervical spinal cord injuries, as well as patients who were simultaneously receiving another psychological treatment together with the subjects who suffered from brain damage. Patients were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups based on random numbers. There were 15 patients in each group. The intervention group received ACT during eight sessions (1.5-hour group therapy) held once a week at Jalaeipour Rehabilitation Center in Tehran (2018), while the control group received routine care. Dennis and Vander Wal’s cognitive flexibility inventory (CFI) and Gross and John’s emotion regulation questionnaire (ERQ) were completed before and one week after the intervention. The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA).

 There was a significant difference in demographic indicators between the two groups. Based on MANCOVA with the baseline score, the mean scores of psychological flexibility and emotion regulation had a significant difference regarding the results of ACT between the experimental and control groups (P < 0.05).

 According to the findings, ACT can improve psychological flexibility and emotional regulation in patients with spinal cord injuries.

Bread is an unavoidable food ingredient in Iranian meals. Given the relationship between salt and baking soda and several diseases, this study aimed to investigate the role of bread and its effect on increasing additives (salt and baking soda) and comparing them to standards.

In this cross-sectional study, all bakeries (95 bakeries) of Garmsar county were selected and sampled from consumed bread (Taftoon; 125, Barbari; 168, Lavash; 48 and, Sangak; 22 samples) and were sent to the Food and Drug Laboratory. The samples were tested according to the National Standards of Iran (No. 2628) method. Descriptive statistics and dispersion, Skewness and Kurtosis, and Spearman correlation were used to evaluate the results. The outcomes of the measures were analyzed using Excel and SPSS software   version 22).

Comparison of the results of this study with Iranian standards showed that 16.3 and 66.7% of all bread samples, respectively, had the amount of salt and pH in the range of national standards. Barbari had the highest mean salt intake (1.47 ± 0.37), and Lavash had the highest mean pH (6.13 ± 0.36). Significant and reverse correlation was observed between salt intake and pH in Barbari (p = 0.041, r = -0.158) and lavash (p = 0.022, r = - 0.329) samples. The results also showed that the type of additive to increase yeast activity was different according to the type of bread. 

Bread can play a significant role in increasing the intake of salt and baking soda daily. As a result, bread is a potential source of these additives, and it is recommended that the amount of these substances be controlled to prevent a variety of diseases associated with salt and baking soda.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of group counseling based on self-knowledge sources in increasing assertiveness of male addicts in rehabilitation program.

This was an experimental study and the statistical population included individuals being rehabilitated in the center of dependence to drugs in Razi Psychiatric Hospital in Tehran, Iran. Thirty individuals were selected through targeted sampling and assigned to experimental and control groups. Random assignment was used to control the disturbing variables. Ten group counseling sessions were conducted based on the theory of self-recognition sources for the experimental group and after the end of the study, the control group was also intervened to observe ethical considerations.

To analyze the results at the descriptive level, the mean and standard deviation (SD) and at the level of inferential statistics, the t-test (t-difference) were used to compare the scores of self-expression of the experimental and control groups. The analysis of the results showed that group counseling in the way of self-recognition sources was significant and effective in the increasing of self-expression in patients addicted to the drugs being rehabilitated at the level of P < 0.01.

Based on the findings, it can be concluded that group counseling education in the way of self-recognition sources increases the self-expression in addicts.

Both genetic and environmental factors influence, susceptibility to autoimmune disorders including Behcet’s disease (BD). FCRL3 (Fc receptor like 3 genes), a novel immunoregulatory gene, has recently been reported as a new promising candidate gene for general autoimmunity. This study was conducted to explore the potential association of FCRL3 polymorphisms with BD. This study was conducted from 2010 to 2015 in Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Four single-nucleotide polymorphisms of FCRL3 (rs7528684, rs11264799, rs945635, and rs3761959) were genotyped in 220 patients and 220 healthy controls. Typing of the polymorphisms in this case-control study was carried out using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Analysis of the alleles revealed a significantly lower frequency of the A allele at the -169 site (rs7528684) in BD patients compared with that in controls (P=0.000, 66.4% versus 82%, χ2= 30.23). Moreover, a significant lower frequency of AA genotype and higher frequency of GG genotype was recorded for rs7528684. There was also relationship between posterior uveitis as a clinical sign of disease and polymorphism of allele A at the -169 site (P=0.015). This study revealed a significant difference in both allele and genotype frequency at position -169 of FCRL3 gene between Iranian patients with BD and normal subjects. These data suggest FCRL3 gene polymorphisms might be the autoimmunity risk factor for BD.

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratubercuiosis (MAP) is the causative agent of paratuberculosis, also called as Johne's disease and is considered as the cause of irrecoverable economic losses in livestock industry. For the detection of the paratuberculosis, indirect ELISA has been highly considered as a simple method with high sensitivity and specificity. Accordingly, this study aims at designing a system of indirect ELISA for the detection of paratuberculosis.
A total of 100 serum samples from 10 herds, in Tehran and Alborz provinces in 2015, in which paratuberculosis has been proven by culture, were selected and surveyed using the standard kit and the internal system was designed according to the standard kit. To design ELISA system, by using secretory antigens and confirmed positive and negative serum samples were used and checkerboard titration was performed. To determine the cutoff point, the results of the commercial kit were used as gold standard.
According to the commercial ELISA kit results (15 positive samples and 85 negative samples), the best concentration of antigen and antibody dilution were evaluated as 1.2 µg and 1.100 per well, respectively. Furthermore, the cutoff point was determined as 0.44. The sensitivity and specificity were evaluated as 70% and 100%, respectively.
Secreted antigens in M. avium subsp. paratubercuiosis are sensitive to detect the infected animals but it is difficult to detect bacteria from feces in the early stages of disease. Therefore, by using indirect designed ELISA, it can be detected antibodies in the early stages of the disease.

Create and maintain a satisfying romantic relationship requires the ability to recognize emotions and to express them. One way to reduce the alexithymia in divorcing women can be trained to Acceptance and Commitment Theory (ACT). This research was quasi experiment with pre-test/pos-ttest with a control group. The target population included all couples referred to crisis intervention center in Parsabad city of Ardabil Province, with the inclusion and exclusion criteria, thirty women qualified for the study, were selected by convenience sampling, and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. Before the start of training methods, both groups were studied under the pre-test and asked them to complete a Toronto Alexithymia scale. The experimental group trained with ACT. Training sessions for the experimental group for each session (sixty minutes) and held for ten sessions. After the training sessions; post-test and data analysis was performed from both groups using analysis of covariance. The results showed that effects of ACT educational programs on the reduction alexithymia in divorcing women is significant. (P Generally this study show that effects of ACT educational programs on the reduction alexithymia in divorcing women is significant and implementation of such educational programs in crisis intervention centers and social work clinics is recommended.

patient in end of life is potentially threatening and disease is family event. Truth telling is quite related to culture. In Iran Role of family is important in care of end of life patients. The object of this study was to determine attitude of patient’s family towards truth telling in hospitals supervised by Kerman University of Medical Science in 2014.
This study employed an analytical cross sectional design. 124 patient’s family members enrolled. A self-designed questionnaire was developed. It consisted two parts: demographic information and attitude questions. Data were analyzed using SPSS 19 software and some statistical tests. results found attitude of family members toward truth telling in end of life is moderately positive(3/23±0/30).spouse and sister and brother of patient had more positive attitude toward truth telling(p=0/03).
Conclution: truth telling has psychological, social, ethical and cultural aspect. Today there is more positive attitude toward truth telling because of progress in medical science and people knowledge. Good family relations decrease distress of truth telling.

Audit partner's expert view is based on the files created by audit team as well as auditors’ performances. Quality reducing behavior of auditing, which is the result of auditors’ practice during audit period, could be viewed important since it reduces the effectiveness of collected evidence that at the end creates bias in the partners’ view. This research is descriptive-survey study and the theoretical issues are library based. The research administrates a questionnaire for data collection and hypotheses testing, using Pearson correlation. In this research the statistical population includes senior executive auditors who are working at the private audit firms in Iran. The results show that quality reducing behavior of professional auditing is not affected by auditors’ perception of psychological contract breach or fulfillment or organizational affective commitments. However, there is a significant relationship between auditors’ perception of psychological contract breach or fulfillment and affective commitments in one hand and quality reducing behavior of non-professional auditing in the other hand that jeopardizes audit quality by reducing coalescence, efficiency and effectiveness of audit firms indirectly.