فهرست مطالب kamran haidari

  Gestational diabetes (GDM) is a metabolic disorder which is caused by insufficient secretion of insulin. GDM is a risk factor for embryo during pregnancy and it is possible leads to congenital heart defects (CHD). Some of these defects may be due to a change in the expression of some of the important structural genes in the heart. Desmocollin 2 and collagen structural genes have important role in the cell adhesion of the cardiomyocytes.This study was done to determine the effect of gestational diabetes on expersion of desmocollin 2 and col5a2 structural genes in C57BL mouse embryo heart. In this experimental study, 12 adult female and six adult male C57BL mice were used.After mating of the animals and observation of the vaginal plug, the female mice with vaginal plug were randomly divided into diabetic and control groups. At the first day of pregnancy, Induction of gestational diabetes mellitus in dams in the diabetic group was performed by the intraperitoneal (IP) injection of Streptozotocin with a dose of 150 mg / kg body weight per day in GD1. While in the control group, only citrate buffer was injected.Cesarean Surgery was done at E11.5 and embryo's heart was extracted from the body.Extraction of RNA, cDNA, and quantitative measurements of the amount of RNA were performed using Real -Time PCR. Induction of gestational diabetes increased the expersion of desmocollin 2 and col5a2 structural genes in compared to controls, althought only the expersion of desmocollin 2 gene was significant (P<0.05). We suggest that the induction of DM lead to upregulation of structural genes primarily including desmocollin 2 and col5a2 in embryos heart development.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is usually a disease caused by inadequate insulin production in pregnant women. GDM induces abnormal fetal growth.This study was done to evaluate the BMP2 and BMP4 genes expression in the development of the embryos heart in induced gestational diabetes of C57BL/6 mice.
In this experimental study, 8-week old adult C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into diabetic and control groups. After mating of animals, the dams in diabetic group were received a single dose of 150 mg/kg/bw of streptozotocin on gestational day 1 of pregnancy, intrapereatonally. After 11.5 days of pregnancy, the embryos of both groups were extracted and heart tissue was extracted. RNA total tissue of the heart was extracted by trazole. After extracting RNA, expression of BMP2 and BMP4 genes in the heart of both groups was estimated by Real-time PCR.
There was no singnificant diference in expression of BMP2 and BMP4 genes in the heart of 11.5 days of embryos in gestational diabetes mellitus group and control group.
Gestational diabetes mellitus had no effect on the expression of BMP2 and BMP4 genes in the development of the embryos heart.

Background and Emergency physicians play an important role in the immediate diagnosis of bioterrorism activities. The present study was conducted with the purpose of comparing the effectiveness of virtual learning and classroom learning in approach to bioterrorism and chemical terrorism for emergency physicians. This was a semi-empirical study, which was conducted via testing knowledge before and after the educational intervention in the field of bioterrorism and chemical terrorism on the emergency physicians in Tehran. The external validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by two academic experts in order to determine the ability to detect bioterrorist and chemical terrorist diseases. In this study, education was done in both virtual and classroom forms. The education regarded 6 bioterrorist diseases in group A (anthrax, plague, viral hemorrhagic fever, tularemia, smallpox), and 5 chemical terrorist diseases (nerve gas, mustard, lewisite, phosgene, chlorine). 160 doctors participated in this study. 96 people (60%) were men and 64 people (40%) were women. The average age of the participants was 36.2 ± 5.5 years. In virtual learning method, the pre-test scores average was (30.6%), while the post-test scores average was (81.6%) (P=0.001). In classroom learning method, the pre-test scores average was (41.9%), while the post-test scores average was (72.9%), which the pre-test and post-test scores average differences in both cases are significant (P<0.001). In virtual learning method, the difference was (51%), and in the classroom method it was (31%), which these two represent a 20% difference between methods. From statistical point of view, this difference indicates that the virtual learning method being more effective (P=0.02). Based on the study results, it seems that in comparison to the classroom learning, virtual learning method is more effective in helping emergency physicians to diagnose bioterrorism or chemical terrorism factors.

In the present study, we tried to cultivate neural stem cells from different regions of Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) brain, as a chondrostei fish. For this, telencephalon, mesencephalon and metencephalon of the brain were separated, cultivated in DMEM/F12 medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum (20% FBS) and maintained at 250C with 5%CO2. Medium was changed every 3s days and replaced with fresh medium. After 2-3 weeks, cells were confluent and passaged. Cells of metencephalon (cerebellum) culture from Persian sturgeon brain (CPS) are still alive after about 7 months and 9 passages and their stocks are available in the laboratory. The cell cultures have been cryopreserved using liquid nitrogen. The survival rate of cells was 70% after thawing. In immonocytochemistry survey, cells were immonopositive for anti-nestin antibody, as a neural stem cell marker. The obtained cultures could be considered as a constant long term culture because of their stability, and could be used in different studies.

MDMA or ecstasy is a derivative of amphetamines used mostly by young people worldwide. Although the acute effects of this drug are known, the effect of chronic administration is not well studied. Therefor the aim of this study was to determine the effects of repeated (long term) administration of MDMA on rats'' memory and their hippocampal cell density. Young adult male Wistar rats 200 ± 20 g served as subjects. The rats were randomly distributed into three MDMA treated groups (3×2.5 mg/kg, 3×5 mg/kg, 3×10 mg/kg) and one control-saline group. All animals received MDMA intraperitoneally (3h apart; a challenge) 7th day of every week for consecutive 4 weeks. Animals were trained before and were tested after injections for their memory status using the standards passive avoidance method. Finally, 24hr after the memory test, rats were sacrificed and after tissue operations, the hippocampal astrocytes and neurons were counted. results showed that the number of neurons in all experimental groups was lower than the control-saline group. The most decreased number of neurons was shown in 5 mg/kg MDMA group compared to control-saline in all the regions of hippocampus. Also we found that repeated administration of MDMA reduced the number of hippocampal astrocytes. It is concluded that repeated administration of MDMA can reduce density of neurons and astrocytes and this decrease is not dose dependence

The ultrastructural analysis of cultured follicles could direct us to understand subcellular changes during in vitro culture.

This study was done to verify the ultrastructural characteristics of in vitro cultured mouse isolated preantral follicles in co-culture system in the presence and absence of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF)

Mechanically isolated preantral follicles were divided into four groups: control without LIF, control with LIF, co-cultured group with LIF, co-cultured group without LIF. In co-culture groups the follicles were cultured with cumulus cells. After 4 days the follicles were processed and sectioned for transmission electron microscopic examination.

The oocytes of cultured preantral follicles in all studied groups demonstrated a homogeneous cytoplasm and they had the round or ovoid shaped mitochondria with light matrix and cristae. Their endoplasmic reticulum cisternae were in association with mitochondria and Golgi complex. The cortical granules and the aggregation of mitochondria around the germinal vesicle were prominent in both co-cultured groups. The organelle distribution in granulosa cells was normal in all groups of study and no sign of cell death was observed. In both co-cultured systems the granulosa cells contained mitochondria with tubular cristae, a well developed smooth endoplasmic reticulum and several large lipid droplets, characteristics of steroid synthesis cells.

The oocyte and granulosa cells in co-cultured system showed more remarkable maturation features than that of control.

Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a pleiotropic cytokine of interleukin-6 family with a remarkable range of biological actions such as proliferative effects on the granulosa and theca cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of LIF on the growth and maturation of mouse fresh and vitrified preantral follicles, an in vitro model was developed. The ovaries of 14-day-old mice were vitrified in a mixture of ethylene glycol, ficoll 70 and sucrose in PB1 for 5 min. The preantral follicles were mechanically isolated from vitrified-warmed and non-vitrified ovaries. They were cultured in α-minimum essential medium supplemented with 5% fetal bovine serum, 100 mIU/ml recombinant follicle stimulating hormone, 1% insulin, transferrin and selenium, 20 ng/ml murine recombinant epidermal growth factor and different concentrations of LIF (25, 50, 100 ng/ml) for 12 days. On day 12, ovulation was induced using 1.5 mIU/ml human chorionic gonadotropin. In this study, the follicle diameter, survival rate and maturation rate were assessed. The mean diameter of fresh and vitrified preantral follicles cultured in 50 ng/ml concentration of murine recombinant LIF was significantly higher than that of other concentrations in each group on day 2 (229.42 ± 30.40, 222.55 ± 33.4) (P<0.001) and on day 4 (340.45 ± 61.05, 299.50 ± 65.55), respectively (P<0.01). The survival rates of follicle in fresh and vitrified groups were 80.56% and 77.78, respectively. There was no significant difference between control and treated groups. The percentage of follicles which released metaphase II (MII(oocyte in fresh groups in the presence of 0, 25, 50, 100 ng/ml of LIF was 16%, 14.28%, 40% and 21.05% (P<0.01) and so in vitrified groups were 11.76%, 14.28%, 28.57% and 13.38%, respectively (P<0.05). There were significant differences between 50 ng/ml LIF-treated groups with other concentrations in each group. Therefore, in vitro growth and maturation of mouse preantral follicles were improved in the presence of 50 ng/ml LIF. Iran. Biomed.