mohammad javad kamelifar

The present study aims to analyze and predict the realization of the knowledge-based urban governance in urban management of Tabriz which has two sub-goals of evaluating the priority of the application of knowledge base urban governance indicators as well as forecasting the realization of urban governance approach through these indicators in Tabriz city management. In order to collect the descriptive data, the document method referring to the valid theoretical reference has been used and the survey method with questionnaire tool has been used for the analytical part. For this purpose, opinions of 50 specialists have been collected and weighted in line with the research explanatory variables through the Delphi method. Multi-criteria Decision Making Model (FTOPSIS) has been utilized in order to reach the planning priorities for the application of knowledge-based urban governance in Tabriz urban management and to predict the realization of knowledge-based urban governance, the Discriminant Analyze model was used. The results show that from experts' point of view the "knowledge creation" index with 0.350 rate is inappropriate and should be noticed as the first priority for improving the situation in the urban management process of Tabriz. Also, the results of the Discriminant analysis model indicate that the "updating and categorizing knowledge" index with a value of 0.025 Lambda wilks and a general prediction of 0.392 can predict the conditions for realizing the knowledge-based urban governance in the Tabriz city management process better than the other indicators.

Introduction One of the main challenges in the urban sprawl process of developing countries is their rapid growth that if this growth be a sporadic growth without planning would have numerous problems to urban planning and management.This unplanned growth, in addition to the destruction of agricultural land leads to urban tensions such as rising land prices, rising prices for urban services, and so on.In general, economic growth over the past decades in the country and the need to coordinate with global developments have caused most of Iran's major cities, such as Tehran, Isfahan, and Tabriz to be subject to rapid changes from the point of view of land use.Ahvaz is also one of these cities that has undergone fundamental changes due to its particular situation in the last few years.
Material and methods The present research is applied study with descriptive-analytical methodology.Data collection in the descriptive section was carried out through the study of library documents and in the analytical part of the research, through the extraction of TM images (Thematic Mapper) from the years 1985 and 2013 for Ahvaz city.In order to achieve the goal of research and analysis of the images, the ENVI and GIS software were used.In this regard, after the preprocessing, the atmospheric correction and the selection of the most suitable bands for classifying and applying the maximum likelihood similarity (MLL) method, the controlled classification was performed in the ENVI software that the overall accuracy of the extracted map with the maximum probability algorithm in this research was calculated for 2013 (98.11%) and 1989 (94.23%).Then, land use changes in revealed in GIS software, and results were verified by checking severalexamples on the field.
Result and discussion The findings of the research show that during the 24 years of study, the percentage of wasteland, gardens and green spaces has been reduced for the built land and roads.Reducing the ratio of gardens and agricultural lands in this area can be a major problem in land use changes in the present period.Also, by investigating the green spaces conditions inside the city, it was found that Ahvaz city, despite the improvement of greenery conditions in recent years, has been suffering from the shortage of this property inside the city due to the significant increase in population.The observed changes in the field of urban land development during the mentioned years showed that the areas with the most development in terms of land construction are among the most populous and at the same time the most migratory areas in Ahvaz which can be said that urban sprawl has grown, especially in the southern parts of the city.
Result The results of this study indicate that the most land development in Ahvaz is located in the southern and eastern parts of the city.Although lands for future urban development is an opportunity for any city, but widespread and unplanned changes that mention the concept of scattered growth in the city of Ahvaz will make the providing of facilities, infrastructure and services difficult.

Given the importance of the topic of earthquakes, as a natural disaster, challenges and damages caused by them in human societies, especially in urban settlements, considering construction issues and policies in order to identify the strengths and weaknesses in the indicators of the urban texture is important. With such necessity and the geological condition awareness of the city, due to earthquakes, this study aimed to assess the vulnerability of physical parameters by focusing on District 1 of Tabriz, Iran.
This was a descriptive-analytic study. Information on indicatorsofresearch topics were classified into six dimensions, including life, quality, number of floors, occupation level, user type, and building materials, and the map of their current situation was produced. ArcGIS software was used to analyze the data and functions of fuzzy analysis and/or fuzzy gamma analysis were used to determine the best conditions and appropriate zones.
Findings: The fuzzy Gamma function with the threshold of 0.9 was better than other fuzzy functions in the seismic vulnerability analysis of physical indicators of District 1 of Tabriz. According to the results of these functions, the north and north-western parts of the region and the central parts towards the south of the region were vulnerable.
The results indicated that the northern part of District 1 and areas in the western part of the region had high potential for seismic vulnerability in terms of physical indicators.Moreover, the building blocks in the southern parts and areas south of the border had medium to high vulnerability which required careful planning before the crisis in the region in terms of strengthening and improving physical indicators, especially in the field of construction, and quality and type of materials.

The urban road network is one of the main components of the city’s lifelines that especially after crisis play significant role including the rescue operation, evacuation of the wounded. So the analyzing of the urban road network besides planning for reducing these harms, are inevitable. The present study was performed with “descriptiveanalytical” method to assess the seismic vulnerability of the urban road networks in the zone1 of Tabriz with crisis management approach. In order to evaluate urban road networks vulnerability of region of Tabriz, 3 criteria of density, level of inclusion and building features were employed. In this regard, the density criterion includes both sub criteria of residential density and construction density. In addition, the criterion of the building features includes 5 sub criteria such as: The building date, building quality, land use type, occupancy levels and types of materials which each of these sub-criteria are divided into other sub-criteria that these sub-criteria were weighted using Delphi method. Ultimately, after evaluation of roads vulnerability in terms of each criterion, the layers were overlaid using multi criteria evaluation. The ultimate results show that, the roads network vulnerability (excluding the region 1) is higher than the average, high and very high. The vulnerability of the road networks are observed mostly in informal settlements area that should be noticed in planning.

Being concerned to achieve good shape of the city has been commenced since the formation of primary cities. Moreover، involvement of human thought to improve urban life is simultaneous with urbanization history. Urbanization growth and human tendency to settle in the cities has been made the concept of urban quality of life important more and more. Type of study is applied and developmental and in terms of method used in the research is descriptive-analytical and survey. Given the high mass of the population، for data collection the sampling method was used. The sample size was calculated 384 samples using Cochran''s formula for city of Tabriz. The samples of the study area were chosen by using random sampling method regarding the population size of the each zone. To analyze data fuzzy multi-criteria decision making techniques and cluster analysis were used. At last final score of citizen satisfaction rate in terms of their quality of living environment were classified into 3 levels (including: acceptable satisfaction، moderate satisfaction، low satisfaction) using cluster analysis. The zones of 2، 5 and 3 were placed at first level which is high satisfaction. Second level consists of the zones 6، 8، 7 and 4 which is in moderate satisfaction. The lowest satisfaction is related to zones of 1 and 10 which have lower satisfaction in comparison to other zones.

Estimation of urban vulnerability to earthquakes can be consid­ered as an Ill-structured problem in urban in both unplanned and planned ar­eas. Multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) provides a way to integrate different spatial data layers in a geographic information system to create composite maps repre­senting risk. We utilized MCE in a raster Geographic Information System (GIS) to evaluate risk in vulnerable tissues of Tabriz, Iran zone. In this MCE physical risk factors and sub-factors were included and were weighted by experts. Afterward data entered to GIS and then the layers of the criteria were exported. The obtained results were entered to IDRISI and fuzzified. Ultimately the final map of physical vulnerability was outputted by overlaying order. Vulnerable tissues are highly consistent to non-official areas. How­ever, the planned area which is called Valiasr is in low risky condition and this condition is desirable in crisis times. Here, we observe the preference of physi­cal pre-planning operations. The links between urban planning and health are many and var­ied. Environmental, social and economic conditions in cities can have both positive and negative influences on human health and centre. Urban planning and related professions play an important role in shaping those conditions.