mohammadali rahimi

 Ever-increasing population and the increasing residential structure, which expands a given city’s size, can end in irreversible damage to the environment, thus depriving future generations of the sense of city life. The pioneers in this field of study have sought to resolve this negative phenomenon by proposing sustainable architecture and introducing sustainability assessment systems. In this context, Iran, with its long history and magnificent architectural background, is a vivid example of considering on architecture of construction since ancient times.

 Assessing the adaptability of environmental components of the historical house(s) of Shiraz through the German DGNB assessment model to achieve an efficient design in strategy.

 A comparative study was run to compare the similarities and dissimilarities of the German DGNB assessment system and the principles of Iranian architecture, to identify the development of construction fundamentals. The data are collected through library and document studies, next to interviews conducted with the residents of Zeinat-ol-Molk House, experts, and technical authorities involved. For this purpose, a checklist of their common criteria is prepared and assessed.

The subject house obtained the minimum score on social and functional qualities, which could have been reversed if the existing drawbacks, like measuring some criteria due to the interference of contemporary humans and visitors, lack of intelligent systems for user control, and the intelligent design system didn’t exist, next to negation of the criteria in design by all involved.

the consumption of non-renewable energy resources. The construction industry plays a crucial role in the efficient consumption of energy, and since the impact of architectural practices is influenced by the education of architects and fundamental education in this field can be a source of solving environmental challenges, this research is aimed at developing and evaluating a training model for architects to optimize energy consumption in mid-range housing in warm and humid regions. using the architects of Bushehr province as a case study.

To identify effective components in energy consumption optimization and educational models, a documentary method was employed. The perspectives of experts were examined, and after content analysis, the components were presented to the expert community. Following a consensus on the components by the Delphi method, a questionnaire was distributed among licensed architects with a Level 2 design permit in Bushehr.

The findings indicate that the use of natural light, windows, insulation, suitable materials, doubleskin facades, porous volume, active ventilation, solar chimneys, terraces, proper orientation, green roofs, bright colors, and shading are effective components in optimizing energy consumption. Additionally, elements such as epistemology, ethics, research affairs, practical workshops, fundamental models, foresight, environmental factors, indigenous knowledge, being up-to-date, cognition, and material recycling were identified as key components of the architects’ training model for optimizing energy consumption. Using the Friedman method, these components were ranked, and an educational model was formulated and then made available to the sample population.

Considering the significant difference in energy consumption levels obtained from pre-test and post-test methods, the educational model was validated.

Autistic children in educational centers, by passing through the behavioral circuits, are subjected to the objective and mental effects of this place-behavior system, which puts their behavioral patterns under the radius. Paying attention to the principle of co-construction and the fit of the physical structures with the behavioral patterns of these children on the correct functioning of the behavioral settings is an important issue in the quality of educational centers based on sensory integration, and achieving"sensory unity of the environment"through the design of a therapeutic environment, which in this research The evaluation criterion is placed. The research method is descriptive-analytical and survey research. Statistical population and sample size were selected from92specialists of Bushehr province.Gathering information in two parts, theoretical and field ; And for data analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and partial least squares modeling were used with SPSS26 and Pls3 software. Based on the findings, the existence of a significant relationship(effect) between "the quality of the design of behavioral settings in educational-therapeutic centers"and"how to manage the behavior of children aged4-7with autism"showed: the architectural patterns of "multisensory environment","environmental modeling"and"spatial sequence"through the control of the drivers, influencing the improvement of the quality level of the design of the environment; And it can be planned as a strategic principle in design. The design of behavioral settings in educational-therapeutic centers based on"sensory unity of the environment"can affect the feeling of the environment and the better process of perception on the central processing system of children, and provide satisfactory results in terms of their progress.

Autism is a developmental disorder affecting social interaction, language, and communication, emerging within the first three years of life and resulting from a neurological disorder that impacts brain function. Children with autism differ from their peers in physical, intellectual, and behavioral aspects. This disorder prevents them from living like neurotypical individuals or studying alongside other children in conventional educational environments. These children require tailored educational spaces that address their unique needs to enhance learning, social participation, and communication. In Fars Province, approximately 709 children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been registered and screened through the welfare system, with 110 children currently receiving services at two centers in Shiraz. This mixed-methods research (combining quantitative and qualitative approaches) involved interviews, card sorting, and questionnaires administered randomly to 50 children with autism, 50 family members, and 50 specialists. The study aims to identify key factors influencing the design of educational spaces for children with autism. Using a T-test analysis, the results revealed that physical factors - such as color, lighting, ventilation, and high-quality materials - received the highest priority, while safety/security factors ranked lowest. The findings indicate that incorporating natural and artificial lighting, appropriate color schemes, quality materials, and optimal air quality in educational spaces significantly enhances learning quality for children with autism. Furthermore, the study concludes that complex and curved geometric forms  attract attention and stimulate curiosity and enjoyment in children. When combined with warm colors, green spaces, and water features, these elements contribute to improved learning outcomes for children with autism.

Humans are immediately engaged with and aware of the world through bodily perception. buildings with fanatical design and construction approaches are becoming targets for momentary visual deception, while losing their sense of presence, flexibility, and in fact, their real sense. In the meantime, Johanni Palasma, as a phenomenological architect, has been able to address this issue with his ideas and theories. The themes and criteria of Palasma's phenomenology in environmental perceptions in the form of a body are derived from the ideas of the phenomenological philosopher Merleau-Ponty. This research seeks to answer the question of how the phenomenological themes of Johannes Palasma are hidden in the architectural space of Vakil Bazaar in Shiraz? And also how can Johannes Palasma's phenomenological thoughts make the architectural space understandable and perceptible to the audience as a embodied process? To answer the question posed, the phenomenological research method based on Max van Menen's model with free, axial and selective coding was used. In the theoretical part, studies on phenomenology were conducted from the perspective of Johannes Palasma, and in the field part, a conversation was held with 30 participants using observation and semi-structured and open interviews. At this stage, the selected components from the interviews were compared with the phenomenological themes of Johannes Palasma in the context of Vakil Bazaar in Shiraz. In the end, it was concluded that there is a significant affinity between Johannes Palasma's phenomenological concepts and embodied perceptions in the architectural space of Vakil Bazaar in Shiraz.

The architecture of the Qajar period, as a link between past traditions and new developments, has a prominent place in the history of Iranian architecture. In this style, spatial hierarchy plays an important role in organizing the components of houses and reflects the lifestyle of the residents. The entrance to the house, as the boundary between the interior and exterior space, is a manifestation of social and cultural relations that has been considered in this research. This study investigates the impact of lifestyle on the hierarchical configuration of the entrance space of Qajar-era aristocratic houses in Shiraz. The research methodology includes reviewing library resources, field observations, analyzing visual documents and maps, and using the Space Syntax tool and UCL Depthmap software for data analysis. Depth, visibility, coherence, and connectivity indices are considered as the main criteria for analysis. The research findings show that lifestyle has a direct impact on the hierarchical structure of the entrances of these houses and its role in defining spatial relationships and architectural functions is clearly evident. This analysis can provide a model for better understanding the relationships between culture and architecture in historical periods.

The phenomenon of perception is the main level of our contact with the world Perception is a rich phenomenon whose phenomenological clarification sometimes requires new conceptualizations and formulations, and sometimes it is necessary to review the conceptualization and formulation of many other phenomena. The present study evaluates the architectural concepts of historical Iranian housing based on the phenomenological theory of sensory perception from the point of view of contemporary experts. The final goal of the research is to pay special attention to the sense, lived experience and architecture of the house in order to discover their deep relationship and to express a scientific method for the phenomenon of sensory perception of architecture and the perceptual experience of the house at the same time as clarifying and clarifying the extent of the involvement of the senses with space and importance. It is the characteristic of being extracted from the perceptual experience in historical houses. This research is based on the phenomenology method based on the combined method (qualitative and quantitative) and the method of gathering information was alignment (triangulation). The researcher used three methods of group interview and participatory observation, Van-Menen method and comparative study method to gather information about the architectural concepts of the historical house and the result of the research in the phenomenological study of sensory perception from the point of view of contemporary experts shows the importance of the interactive communication of building architecture. Historical and its contamination with the mental-behavioral, cultural and social implications of the citizens, which are based on the architectural concepts of historical spaces such as visual attractions and architectural values, in relation to meaningful characteristics and interaction with the experiences and perceptions of the audience of the space. The specialness of the historical house and its permanence have been emphasized in the collective memory of the people.

The construction industry plays a significant role in the optimal use of energy resources, and it is clear that what happens in the field of architecture is influenced by the way architects are trained, and basic training in this field can be the source of solving many environmental problems. This research seeks to find the effective components to improve the Pattern of architecture education with the approach of optimizing energy consumption.Research

The views of the experts were investigated with the documentary method and the content analysis method was used to extract the educational components. The resulting components were given to ten architecture professors and after consensus about the components using Delphi method, in the form of a questionnaire whose reliability was confirmed through Cronbach's alpha, they were given to 82 selected people using Cochran's formula from 104 basic architects of the province. Bushehr was placed. In order to analyze the data, the frequency distribution of the variables was checked by the Kolmograph-Smirnov test and the normality of the variables was evaluated by the Shapiro-Wilks test, and according to the normal distribution of the variables, the non-parametric-Wilcoxon one-sample test was used and the components were ranked by the Friedman test.

The findings indicate that the most key components of the architect education Pattern with the approach of optimizing energy consumption, in order of attention in the current education system, epistemology, ethics, research affairs, practical workshops, fundamental patterns, foresight, environmental factors, local knowledge, modernity, recognition and recycling of materials, review There are examples. Obviously, a lower score means a higher priority for including the relevant component in the proposed educational Pattern.

In developing the architecture education Pattern to optimize energy consumption, in addition to teaching theoretical topics, the components of epistemology, ethics, research, practical workshops, fundamental Patterns and foresight should also be considered.

The change of land use and the reduction of permeable surfaces due to urban development have caused an increase in the peak discharge and volume of runoff due to rainfall, which causes flooding of roads and damage to urban areas. By accurately estimating the amount of runoff and properly designing the urban drainage network, as well as managing this runoff, the damages of urban floods can be reduced. SWMM rainfall-runoff model is one of the most efficient models in the design of drains and urban runoff management. Since the hydrological models must be evaluated before use, in this study the SWMM model was evaluated using 6 rainfall-runoff events for the city of Shahrood and the efficiency of the urban drainage network for floods with return periods of 2 to 15 years was investigated. For this purpose, six flood hydrographs of precipitation events was measured at the two main outlets of the city. he results showed that the SWMM model with the mean square root of the normalized error (NRMSE) of about 20% and R2= 0.90 in the validation stage has a suitable efficiency in simulating the flood hydrograph. Also, also the examination of the performance of urban drains showed for precipitation with a return period of 2, 5, 10 and 15 years, 9.1, 31.8, 36.4 and 41% of the canals are flooded, respectively.

Paying attention to the concept of citizens' security (especially women) and its improvement methods is considered as one of the primary priorities in urban spaces. For this reason, in the process of urban planning, improving the sense of security in urban environments, especially in historical contexts, has been one of the most important goals in urban life. The main purpose of this research is to identify the components of creating a sense of belonging to the place, as one of the most important areas of the urban historical context, to create security, especially among women in the Jo Bareh neighborhood of Isfahan. The research method is qualitative-quantitative research and the research design is combined (content analysis and survey method) to answer the research question of how the security parameters and the sense of belonging to the place affect the safety of women in the Jo Bareh neighborhood of Isfahan. Is it effective? The research hypothesis emphasizes the significance of the relationship between security and the sense of belonging to a place, which ultimately leads to the security of women in the historical context. The results of the research show that paying attention to the parameters of improving women's sense of security (gender, control, and type of fabric) and the parameters of improving the sense of belonging to a place (ownership, residential history, and memorableness) as the main parameters of this research, which have a two-way relationship in It was proposed to designers and architects for strategic solutions in the historical context of Jo Bareh, Isfahan, to increase the safety of women and the sense of belonging to the place. Urban safe spaces for women have a significant relationship with the expressed variables of a sense of belonging to a home and a sense of security, and the highest correlation was obtained related to natural control, and the lowest was shown for gender.

The design of educational-therapeutic places as a set of behavioral setting can be effective in the formation of behavioral patterns of their users in terms of attention to the dimensions of environmental qualities. Therefore, it is important to know the components that influence the formation and proper functioning of behavioral setting. The aim is to identify the components of environmental quality assessment in the design of behavioral setting, and to evaluate their impact on the education and treatment of autistic children aged 4-7years.The research is applied and its research method is descriptive-analytical and semi-experimental. The statistical population and sample size were determined for two groups of experts and subjects from Bushehr Autism Center. Through the simple random sampling method and by the Cochran formula, 38experts were selected; And from the center's 4-7year-old autistic children, all 18of them (experimental group) were selected for the sample size. Gathering information in two theoretical and field sections; And to analyze information from descriptive and inferential statistics (Paired sample t-tests and Friedman), it was done through SPSS software.There is a significant effect between the components of environmental quality assessment in the design of behavioral setting, and the education and treatment of autistic children aged 4-7years; That the effectiveness of the components is different from each other and includes:"Functional-behavioral","Structural-physical","Perceptual-cognitive"components respectively.By establishing a balance between the place-making components, it is possible to improve the quality of behavioral setting for the better education and treatment of autistic children and provide the means for their progress.

The impact of flow on the bridge piers creates turbulent flows that cause scour around it, and as result collapse of the bridges. Despite to most research which done in this area, but due to the complexity of the phenomena and the many parameters involved in the phenomenon, there is still no exact relationship or fundamental solution to predict scour depth. In the present study, using the measured data, the scour depth was estimated with data mining methods such as artificial neural network, linear and nonlinear regression models and also empirical relationships. The data were used in two ways, with dimensions and non-dimension, which were obtained using dimensional analysis. The results showed that the artificial neural network model able to predict scour depth with determination coefficient (R2) equal to 0.97 and 0.81, as well as RMSE error equal to 0.06 m and 0.32, respectively, when data was used with dimension and non-dimension forms. Also, the empirical equations of the Colorado State University between the empirical relationships predicted scour depth with R2 and RMSE error equal to 0.84 and 0.52. Comparison of the results of different models shows that the best results are related to the artificial neural network model and it decreased error of prediction 70, 85.5 and 87.7% compared to linear regression model, nonlinear regression model and the empirical equation of the Colorado State University, respectively.

The vernacular architecture provides a general understanding of the audience with complex aspects, Caused by different interpretations and definitions. Researches show that environmental residents 'understanding of the concepts of vernacular architecture that are essential to residents' satisfaction and the preservation of quality environmental values and environmental policy-making has not received much attention. To this end, in this paper, Gadamer's ideas on understanding (understanding as agreement, application, and audience positioning) are addressed to realize residents' understanding of time and place. These concepts have been explained by qualitative research method and analytical-descriptive approach and content analysis and then their priorities have been evaluated by survey-descriptive method. The information obtained from the library and Internet studies includes books, documents, papers, and research by other internal and external researchers and to analyze data from Excel and Spss software and then to prioritize the component. The analytical hierarchy process) AHP (of Expert Choice software was used. According to the results of this study, the most important concept of the 8 criteria explained in the old texture of Bushehr is human needs. The natural environment, culture, and community, form, and effect of indigenous architecture, technology, economics, time, lack of theoretical knowledge background are the next priorities, respectively. These concepts are suggested to designers and planners for the preservation and development of vernacular architecture in the context.

vernacular architecture has been studied in different ways. The present study focuses on a problem-based approach to mid-scale (neighborhood) venacular architecture to enhance the subjective and perceptual homogeneity of audiences of indigenous human environments. At first, the concepts and methods of studying indigenous architecture were evaluated, and later the concepts of human lifestyle with their explicit and hidden aspects as the most important variables of perceptual homogeneity were examined. To explain the perceptual and subjective homogeneity of audiences from the artificial environment, a theoretical framework of research based on the relationship between the indigenous human environment as a system of activity and human life through the use of the theories of Amos Rapport and other experts and the approval of 15 academic experts, formulated and results. It was scrutinized. Based on a qualitative approach with a descriptive and analytical approach, the concepts and theoretical factors were explained and the purposeful selection of the indigenous tissue architecture of Bushehr as a case study was carried out. To this end, research has been undertaken in this field (library and Internet studies including books, documents, papers, and research by other domestic and foreign researchers). The results of promoting perceptual homogeneity in the environment, increasing individual predictability and decreasing psychological stress, strengthening defense and psychological and cultural mechanisms, ... Partnerships and close communication are flexibility, mutual support during times of cultural change, environmental pressures, cultural groups, immigrant satisfaction.

Study of affecting factors on the consumer’s behavior leads to the recognition of their behavior, which marketers can only supply a product that meets the needs of consumers and maximizes their satisfaction. In this study, factors affecting fish consumption in Babolsar were investigated. The data were collected through random interviews and randomly-survey in shopping centers, markets, and other parts of the city, according to the share of the three areas of the municipality, classified randomly. According to the population of 91679 households in Babolsar, 110 sample families were selected using Cochran formula. Data were collected on demographic characteristics and consumer purchasing behavior. The results showed that the most of respondents consumes fish between 10 and 20 kilos per year. Furthermore, with 95% confidence, it can be argued that effective factors affecting on the marketing of fish have been effective. The results showed that the fish freshness is the most important factors and difficulty of preparing of fresh fish in relation to fish fillets in the package is considered as the least important factor affecting the behavior of fish consumers.

Though the cognitions of Imam Hossein entered into Persian poetry from third and fourth centuries and almost synchronous with Persian language birth, the name of Hazrat Zeinab has been used very limited and in very few cases in Persian poetry. In Safavi Dynasty, her name has been entered into Persian Poetry a bit more serious. However, still the poets do not refer to her properly. In Ghajar dynasty, referring to the Karbala Lady’s character becomes prevail in Persian poetry and reaches its climax in the late part of Ghajar and the beginning part of Pahlavi time. Unfortunately, despite the willing of the poets in eulogizing and parsing Hazrat Zeinab, the picture of this great lady is only described as a grief-stricken, flagged, depressed, and crying. Even this honored lady is described as a weak, and disabled woman, hence her glory, respect, and magnificence are affected drastically. From the late part of Pahlavi dynasty which the contexts of Islamic revolution is formed, the poets’ view starts to change gradually and finally with Iranian Islamic Revolution the spirit of revolution penetrates into Zeinab poetries and the poets’ view is attracted to the glorious aspects of this heaven and earth lady. Therefore, some great works which deserve the position and personality of this lady have been created. This dissertation has investigated the spiritual picture of Hazrat Zeinab in Persian Poetry.

So far some research and studies have been done on the history of Imam Hussein’s (AS) lamentation entry to Persian poetry, and they have considered the fourth century as the starting point of this entry. Mean while, these studies have mentioned the cause of poets’ eulogy and lamentation about the Holy Household (AS) were the Household’s comments and encouragement. They have stated the reasons for the delay of Imam Hussein’s (AS) lamentation entry to Persian poetry until the fourth century as: the oppression of the cruel rulers of the time, the elimination of Persian Shiites’ poetry, or the negligence of Persian Shiites’ poets. In this study each of these reasons is reviewed and rejected based on some historical documents and Persian literature history. In addition, the main reason for the absence of Imam Hussein’ (AS) Persian lamentation until the fourth century is explained according to historical information and the views of Persian literature experts. The real and more reasonable reason for the enthusiasm of poets to compose poems about Imam Hussein (AS) and the Holy Household (AS) in more recent periods is presented.