s. ebrahimi

In steel structures, beams in Moment-Resisting Frames play an essential role due to their ductile nature as structural members. The capacity of conventional steel beams is determined by the lower of the plastic moment capacity and the lateral-torsional buckling capacity. In order to attain the plastic moment capacity of the beams, lateral-torsional bracing is applied to postpone lateral-torsional buckling, allowing the plastic moment of the section to control the behavior. However, in some structures, it is a challenge to appropriately place lateral-torsional bracing, leading to difficulties in the execution of certain beams. A practical solution to this challenge is to use double channel sections instead of I-sections, along with intermediate connectors between the channels to improve the section's buckling capacity.  In this study, several intermediate connectors were considered for joining double channel beams, and among them, the connector with the best performance was identified as the most suitable intermediate connector for joining double channels. Using ABAQUS software, this research modeled double channel beams and compared them with I-shaped beams. To apply different loading conditions, the concentrated moment applied at one end of the beam was considered as a multiple of the moment applied at the other end. Additionally, in this study, four different beam lengths—4, 6, 8, and 10 m—were used to examine the effect of beam length. The research results revealed that, among the various spacing lengths considered for the intermediate connectors in the double channel sections, the restraining length used for the single channel section beams was found to be appropriate. Moreover, the study confirmed that the intermediate connector used to join the channels performed effectively, leading to a flexural capacity in double channel beams comparable to that of equivalent I-shaped beams.

In the lateral resistance systems of conventional concentrically bracing, braces and gusset plates play the role of a structural fuse; in such a way that the braces experience yielding in the tension and buckling and out-of-plane deformations in the compression. Additionally, due to the formation of plastic hinges in braces and gusset plates, these members experience a decrease in axial strength and stiffness as well as structural damage such as permanent deformations, creases, and distortions. Hence, in structures equipped with a conventional concentrically bracing system, after experiencing moderate or severe earthquakes, there is a need to replace or repair the damaged members. In this study, to prevent buckling and yielding in braces and not to occur structural damages in the members, a new friction-slip damper was introduced. To evaluate and compare the performance of the new friction-slip damper with that of the conventional concentrically bracing system, three cross-sections were considered for braces. In other words, once these three cross-sections were considered in conventional concentrically braces and once again they were utilized in friction-slip dampers. These braces were simulated in finite element software. The friction-slip dampers were designed in such a way that the slip occurs in the friction-slip connections before the brace achieves its critical buckling or yielding capacity. The results showed no yielding, out-of-plane displacement, permanent deformation, distortion, and other structural damage in the dampers. In the proposed system, due to the activation of the frictional connection before the critical buckling or yielding capacity of the braces, out-of-plane buckling and yielding and as a result the degradation of axial strength and stiffness do not occur. Also, using the proposed damper brace in the structural systems instead of the conventional concentrically bracing system, increases the seismic energy dissipation capacity by 139.9% on average.

The preparation of ethylcellulose (EC) nanofibers (NFs) by the electrospinning method was optimized by Taguchi design. A Taguchi design was performed for electrospinning parameters such as EC concentration, voltage, ethanol/water ratio in the solvent, and feed rate in four levels (array L16).  EC solutions with a certain concentration were prepared in ethanol-water solvents with a certain ratio. The solutions were then stirred at a constant temperature for four hours and left overnight. Electrospinning parameters such as temperature 30 ˚C, distance between syringe needle and collector 10 cm, aluminum foil 20 micrometers as collector, collector speed 400 rpm, and electrospinning time 2.5 hours are constant in all electrospinning experiments, but voltage and feed rate were changed according to the experimental design. The resulting EC fibers were imaged by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SEM images of EC fibers were processed by Image J software, and the average diameter of EC fibers in each experiment was calculated. The results of the diameter of the electrospun EC fibers showed that all the fibers had a diameter of less than 100 nm. Also, the results of the diameter of EC fibers were analyzed based on the analysis of variance, and it was found that the ethanol/water ratio in the solvent (34.9%), the feed rate (23.5%), the voltage (22.1%), and the EC concentration (17.5%), respectively, had the greatest contribution to the diameter of EC fibers. Under optimal conditions, EC fibers with a diameter of 41 nm were prepared.

Newcastle disease (ND) is an economically significant and extremely spreadable viral illness affecting a wide variety of avian species. ND can rapidly spread within poultry farms and result in considerable economic losses for the global poultry industry. This disease is endemic in Iran, and despite intensive vaccination efforts in the poultry industry, outbreaks of ND occur unexpectedly. This study aimed to isolate the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) from poultry farms with breathing problems in Markazi province, Iran, and investigate the evolutionary relationship and molecular characteristics of the isolates during 2017-2019. To this end, tissue samples (lung, brain, and trachea) were taken from 42 broiler farms exhibiting respiratory symptoms. The samples were inoculated into 9-11-day-old embryonated eggs, and the virus was isolated from 20 (47.6%) of the 42 farms. Subsequently, RT-PCR was used to amplify partial fusion gene sequences from the new isolates. The amplified products were sequenced and compared phylogenetically to the standard pilot dataset (125 selected sequences) generated by the NDV consortium. As determined by phylogenetic analysis, all nine isolates belonged to subgenotype VII.1.1 of genotype VII and were highly similar to isolates from other parts of Iran and China. Moreover, all isolates possessed a polybasic cleavage site motif (112RRQKRF117), characteristic of virulent strains. Furthermore, the present isolates shared a high nucleotide identity (96%) with viruses previously isolated from other provinces of Iran, as determined by BLAST searches and multiple alignments. In addition, they shared a high degree of sequence similarity but were distinct from the existing NDV vaccines. Therefore, the genetic dissimilarity between current vaccine strains and circulating NDVs must be considered in vaccination programs.

Although tools for measuring job burnout have been psychometrically tested in Iran, it seems crucial to have an instrument that can be used by the general society. The Covid-19 burnout scale (COVID-19-BS) is the only tool available to assess the burnout following Covid-19 in the general population. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine and examine the psychometric properties of the Iranian version of the Covid-19 Burnout Scale (COVID-19-BS).

The present cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 2021 on 137 participants in Yasuj, Iran. After the linguistic validation of the Iranian version of COVID-19-BS, the panel of experts evaluated the questionnaire questions by evaluating the content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR). At that point, a semi-structured interview was conducted to assess face validity. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were performed to show the constructs of the questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was measured using the internal consistency test and test-retest analysis. The collected data were analyzed using Cronbach's alpha, Pearson's correlation coefficient, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis.

Content Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Ratio (CVR) for COVID-19-BS were 0.90 and 0.94, respectively. A two-factor structure (physical and mental burnout symptoms) appeared in the EFA test, which was responsible for 67.51% of the observed variance. CFA results for the extracted two-factor structure showed an acceptable fit. Also, acceptable results were shown for internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha from 0.89 to 0.73) and intraclass correlation coefficients (between 0.72 and 0.80).

The results of the present study indicated a favorable preliminary psychometric test of COVID-19-BS in the Iranian population. The COVID-19-BS questionnaire is the first valid questionnaire in Farsi language regarding job burnout following Covid-19 in the general population, which may be useful for other Farsi-speaking countries that are exposed to job burnout due to Covid-19.

Curcumin is a polyphenolic compound derived from Curcumin longa L. There is growing body of data showing the antitumor effect of curcumin in different cancers; however, its efficacy is limited by its low absorption rate. Here, we investigated the antitumor activity of turmeric oleoresin alone or in combination with paclitaxel in MCF-7 cells in monolayer cell cultures and spheroids models.

The antiproliferative activities of 3 different form, curcumin, phospholipidated curcumin, and turmeric oleoresin were assessed by MTT assay. The migratory behaviors of the cells were determined by migration assay before and after treatment with curcumin. The expression levels of CyclinD1, P65, Nf-kB, and E-cadherin were studied.

Curcumin suppressed cell growth in MCF-7 cells via modulation of CyclinD1 and NF-KB, which was more pronounced with turmeric oleoresin. Curcumin was able to reduce the invasiveness of MCF-7, compared to control cells through perturbation of E-cadherin.

We demonstrated the antitumor activity of curcumin and curcumin oleoresin in breast cancer cells, supporting further investigations on the therapeutic potential of this novel anticancer agent in in vivo models.

Since anaerobic digestion leads to the recovery of energy and nutrients from waste, it is considered the most sustainable method for treating the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes.However, due to the long solid retention time in the anaerobic digestion process, the low performance of the process in biogas production as well as the uncertainty related to the safety of digested materials for utilizing in agriculture, applying different pretreatments is recommended.Thermal pretreatment is one of the most common pretreatment methods and has been used successfully on an industrial scale. Very little research, nevertheless, has been done on the effects of different temperatures and durations of thermal pretreatment on the enhancement of anaerobic digestion of the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (OFMSW). The main effect of thermal pretreatment is the rapturing cell membrane and dissolving organic components. Thermal pretreatment at temperatures above 170 °C may result in the formation of chemical bonds that lead to particle agglomeration and can cause the loss of volatile organic components and thus reduce the potential for methane production from highly biodegradable organic waste. Therefore, since thermal pretreatment at temperatures above 100 °C and high pressure requires more energy and more sophisticated equipment, thermal pretreatment of organic materials at low temperatures has recently attracted more attention. According to the researchers, thermal pretreatment at temperatures below 100 °C did not lead to the decompositionof complex molecules but the destruction of large molecule clots.The main purpose of this study was to find the optimal levels of pretreatment temperature and time and the most appropriate concentration of digestible materials to achieve maximum biogas production using a combination of the Box Behnken Response Surface Method to find the objective function followed by optimizing these variables by Genetic Algorithm.

In this study, the synthetic organic fraction of municipal solid waste was prepared similar to the organic waste composition of Karaj compost plant. The digestate from the anaerobic digester available in the Material and Energy Research Institute was used as an inoculum for the digestion process. Some characteristics of the raw materials that are effective in anaerobic digestion including the moisture content, total solids, volatile solids of organic waste, and the inoculum were measured. Experimental digesters were set up according to the model used by MC Leod. After size reduction and homogenization, the synthetic organic wastes were subjected to thermal pretreatment (70, 90, 110 °C) at specific times (30, 90, 150 min).The Response Surface methodology has been used in the design of experiments and process optimization. In this study, three operational parameters including pretreatment temperature, pretreatment time, and concentration of organic material (8, 12, and 16%) were analyzed. After extracting the model for biogas efficiency based on the relevant variables, the levels of these variables that maximize biogas production were determined using a Genetic Algorithm.

The Reduced Quadratic model, was used to predict the amount of biogas production. The value of the correlation coefficient between the two sets of real and predicted data was more than 0.95. The results suggested that pretreatment time followed by the pretreatment temperature had the greatest contribution (50.86% and 44.81%, respectively) to biogas production. Changes in the organic matter concentration, on the other hand, did not have a significant effect (p ˂ 0.01) on digestion enhancement (1.63%) but were statistically significant at p ˂ 0.10.The response surface diagram showed that the increase in pretreatment time first led to a rise and then a fall in biogas production. The decline in biogas production seemed set to continue with pretreatment time. Meanwhile, the increase in pretreatment temperature from 70 °C to 110 °C first contributed to higher biogas production and then the decrease in gas production occurred.  The reason for this fall was probably the browning and Maillard reaction.The regression model was applied as the objective function for variables optimization using the Genetic Algorithm method. Based on the results of this algorithm, the optimal thermal pretreatment for biogas production was determined at 95 °C for 104 minutes and at the concentration of 12%. The expected amount of biogas production by applying the optimal pretreatment conditions was 445 mL-g-1 VS.

In this study, the variables including thermal treatment temperature and time as well as the concentration of organic waste to be anaerobically digested were optimized to achieve the highest biogas production from anaerobic digestion.Statistical analysis of the results revealed that the application of thermal pretreatment increased biogas production considerably. According to the regression model, the contribution of pretreatment time and temperature to biogas production was significant (50.86% and 44.81% respectively). In stark contrast, varying substrate concentrations in the range of 8 to 16% had a smaller effect (1.63%) on biogas production. The results of this study also showed that the best pretreatment temperature and time were 95 °C and 104 minutes, respectively, at a concentration of 12% by generating 445 mL-g-1 VS biogas which is 31.17% higher than the biogas yield from anaerobic digestion of untreated organic wastes at this concentration.

In this article, we apply this new method for solving an engineering system withinitial and boundary conditions and integral criterion, and we will use dynamicprogramming as iteration for solving model.

Galazani (pollarding) is a traditional silvopastoral system, which comprises disbranching and defoliation of oak trees to provide livestock fodder. This affects forest stand structure, tree architecture and growth. This study aimed to compare diameter increment between households’ forests (conventional territories) in different diameter classes and analyzing the effect of Galazani on both diameter increment and its trends. To obtain the goals, 16 Lebanon oak (Quercus libani Oliv.) trees in the Armardeh forest in the Kurdistan Province, western Iran, distributed in five family territories (as an indicator of how local owners treat their own forest) from different diameters were cut. The width of annual rings of the cross-sectional discs, which were taken from the trees, were measured via a LINTAB table equipped by a binocular with a precision of 0.01 mm. Results showed that mean annual increment (1.78 mm) was not significantly different amongst various diameters nor amongst different owners. Mean comparisons of diameter increment in the years after Galazani indicated that the increment in the first year after Galazani (1.34 mm) was significantly less than the second (2.11 mm), third (2.76 mm) and fourth (3.19 mm) years. The trend of diameter increment enhances the tree stability and supports forest structure in order to improve the tree growth. Furthermore, it is necessary to both extend Galazani rotation to at least five years and to limit its maximum allowable diameter. Based on our findings, practicing Galazani in large diameter trees (30 to 35 cm) significantly reduces diameter increment.

The purpose of the present research was Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb) pollution assessment and monitoring the spatial distribution of soil ‎contamination around the municipal landfill site in southwest of Gorgan, Iran. Thus, in a systematic network with a distance of 250m, from 32 stations three samples of surface soil (0 to ‎‎20cm) were obtained and mixed together. In addition, three samples away from the landfill with similar ‎characteristics and geology were used as control. The concentration of heavy metals for the samples was determined using nitric acid and hydrochloric acid and atomic absorption spectrometry. Mean concentrations of Cd and Pb in the soil around the ‎landfill site were 0.37 and 17.31 mg/kg respectively. The total concentration of Cd and Pb was higher than the control areas. There was a positive correlation between Cd and Pb showing these elements in the soil are from the same origin. Based on our research, soil in the landfill area has a moderate ‎ecological risk index, which is about 120. The central parts of the study area have higher concentrations of Cd and Pb than southern parts due to the slope and runoff of the waste leachate. In general, there was an increase in the concentration of Cd and Pb in the sampling sites ‎compared to the control site.

Cancer is a chronic disease that has been increasingly considered by researchers, and breast cancer is one of the most common cancer types in the world, accounting for 50% of deaths. In Iran, breast cancer (22 per 100,000) is the most common cancer among women. In addition, breast cancer affects Iranian women about a decade earlier than in western countries. Cancer-related crisis causes imbalance and disharmony in the thoughts, body, and soul, but the most common condition for the patient is alexithymia during this period. Emotions are a set of schemas based on information processing and include symbolic and non-symbolic processes and visualizations. One of the most important factors to consider in patients with breast cancer is psychological helplessness. Various studies show that people with specific diseases have lower mental health. Many of them suffer from anxiety, anger, sadness, social isolation, and depression, which together cause the person to become psychologically helpless. Another psychological variable that is associated with or can affect cancer is fault tolerance. Failure occurs when a person fails to achieve the desired goal. Failure is generally understood as a state of inhibition in satisfying the motive or interference in goal response or in the mediating action that leads to that goal. Fault tolerance refers to a person's ability to show resilience in the face of repeated failure and a hostile environment. Failure to find local and foreign researches on women with breast cancer makes it necessary to research in this area and determine whether psychological helplessness and fault tolerance can be predicted based on alexithymia in women with breast cancer.

This cross-sectional predictive correlational study was performed on 230 women with breast cancer who were referred to the specialized surgery and cancer clinic of Dr. Mousavi Hospital in Gorgan and the comprehensive cancer center of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Sari in 2018. The instruments used to collect data included the demographic questionnaire, the Toronto Emotional Dysfunction Questionnaire, the Psychological Helplessness Questionnaire, and the Fault Tolerance Questionnaire. The data were then analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression in SPSS version 16. The confidence level was considered at P<0.01.

Regarding the alexithymia variable, 3.25% of the patients had difficulty identifying emotions and regarding the psychological helplessness variable, 7.78% of the patients had symptoms of high anxiety, and regarding fault intolerance variable, 6.17% of the patients had symptoms of intolerance of injustice. There was a direct relationship between the variables of alexithymia and the subscales of depression (P<0.003), anxiety (P<0.002), stress (P<0.001), and psychological helplessness (P<0.000). It can also be said that there was a direct relationship between alexithymia and subscales of intolerance of emotional failure (P<0.001), sadness intolerance (P<0.001), intolerance of failure (P<0.005), and intolerance of injustice (P<0.002). Alexithymia was also able to predict psychological helplessness (P<0.000), and fault tolerance (P<0.001).

The overall result of the study showed a significant direct correlation between alexithymia, psychological helplessness, and fault intolerance, in a way that an increase in alexithymia score increased depression, anxiety, and stress of women with breast cancer, and alexithymia was directly correlated with fault intolerance, meaning that with increasing alexithymia score in women with breast cancer, the ability to tolerate discomfort, injustice, and lack of progress decreased in these women. According to these results, it is necessary to teach emotion regulation strategies along with using other treatment methods to reduce stress, depression, and anxiety and increase resilience and fault tolerance of women with breast cancer.

Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV)is one of the most contagious viral diseases of poultry with rapid spread around the world. It identified by respiratory symptoms, nervous and digestive disorders, and high mortality. NDv causes significant economic losses in poultry industry throughout the world. Avian paramixovirus serotype 1(APMV-1) is a member of family paramyxoviridae, the genus Avulavirus, Newcastle disease virus belongs to APMV-1. The aim of this study to recognize and phylogenic analysis of Newcastle disease Virus isolated from poultry farms in Markazi Province by RT-PCR. In this research, recognition and phylogenic analysis was performed based on F gene of Newcastle disease virus. About 30 samples including brain, trachea, lung and spleen were obtained from suspected farms. Then, They were inoculated to 9 - 11 days age SPF embryonic eggs. After that 2-5 days, The Allantoic fluid harvested, the HA test was performed and genetically analysis using specific primer for F gene was done by RT PCR. In this study, Among the samples 13 of them was confirmed as Newcastle disease virus. Phylogeny tree was constructed for F gene using MEGA 6 software. The results showed that all isolates NDV belonged to genotype VII and subgenotype VII-j. These obtained data can use to improve the efficacy of the vaccine and disease prevention program, as well as its use for vaccine production against the Newcastle-disease causative agents.

Microalgae are promising sources of protein due to their high nutritional value, rapid growth rate and ability to survive in harsh conditions. In this study, first, different and indeterminate species of microalgae were cultured in flat plate photobioreactors and for the first time, the process of protein extraction from mixed microalgae biomass using various pretreatment methods such as autolysis, hydrolysis with acidic and alkaline methods, ultrasound and their composition was investigated. In acidic and alkaline pretreatment using solutions with different concentrations and at different times, the highest percentage of protein extraction (at 121 temperature and duration of 30 minutes) was 83% and 93%, respectively, which showed that the use of alkali was more efficient in protein extraction. Also, using autolysis and ultrasound methods, the highest extraction efficiencies were 60% and 39% of total protein, respectively. In this study, an autolysis with freezing method was used for the first time and based on the results, the efficiency of the autolysis process increased by 3 to 10%.

Breast cancer psychologically affects women more than other cancers. Further, it is the most common cause of cancer deaths in women. The present study aims to determine the effect of behavioral therapy on rumination and pain-related anxiety in women with breast cancer.

This research was a semi-experimental posttest-pretest control group design with a 45-days follow-up. For this purpose, among women with breast cancer referred to cancer clinics of Isfahan in the spring of 2018, 24 people were selected by the convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (12 in each). The participants responded to the questionnaires of the rumination (Nullen et al.) and the pain-associated anxiety (McCraken et al.). Subjects in the experimental group received behavioral activation therapy in 8 sessions of 90 minutes once a week.

Results of variance analysis for repeated measures showed that the interaction of time effect and group membership in rumination and anxiety dimensions related to pain was significant (p < 0.05(. The results also showed a significant difference between behavioral activation therapy and control group in research variables in both posttest (except for posttest of physiological symptoms) and follow-up (p < 0.05(.

According to this research results, behavioral activation therapy can be used to improve pain-related psychological variables in people with breast cancer.

Excessive range of adductory free moment of the ground reaction force may potentially increase the risk of lower extremity injuries by applying a higher torsional load transmitted to the proximal parts. It was hypothesized that the free moment pattern might be different between hyper-pronated and normal feet subjects. Moreover, a correlation would exist between peak adduction free moment and peak ankle-foot complex abduction at the stance phase of walking. In this cross sectional study, thirty female participants were divided into two groups of asymptomatic hyper-pronated and normal feet. Kinetic and kinematic data were collected using a single force plate and a six-camera motion analysis system during three successful free speed walking trials. Ensemble average curves were extracted from the time normalized individual trials of the stance phase for both free moment and peak ankle-foot complex abduction parameters. Significant differences in peak adductory free moment, peak ankle-foot complex eversion and peak ankle-foot complex abduction were found between normal and hyper-pronated groups (4.90±0.97 Vs. 5.94±0.88, P < 0.01), (3.30±0.95 Vs. 6.28±1.47, P < 0.01) and (4.52±1.16 Vs. 8.23±2.52, P < 0.01) respectively. A significant positive correlation was found between the peak adduction free moment and peak ankle-foot complex abduction in both groups, which was more strongly positive in hyper-pronated group (r = 0.745, p < 0.01 for normal group and r = 0.900, p < 0.01 for hyper-pronated group). As a good measure of torque which is transmitted to the lower extremity, may free moment be a useful biomechanical indicator for both clinical and research purposes.

Despite the rapid prevention, diagnosis, and management of stroke, the patients are still at a high risk of complications. From hospital admission to discharge and at home, liaison nurses help the patients with the complicated care issues caused by stroke. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of the performance of liaison nurses on the incidence of motor complications in stroke patients after discharge from the hospital.

This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 80 patients in a hospital in Shiraz, Iran during 2016-2017. The patients were selected via purposive convenience sampling and randomly divided into two groups of intervention and control. Before discharge, the patients in the intervention group were examined, and a care and educational program was provided by the liaison nurse based on their needs and to prevent the incidence of motor complications (e.g., constipation, fall, bedsore). The educational contents were handed to the patients or their caregivers in the form of a booklet. If needed, the nurse would attend at the patient's bedside at home to address their problems, and the contact between the nurse and patients was maintained. The patients in the control group received routine care and were discharged. Two weeks and two months after discharge, the patients were followed-up in terms of the prevalence of bedsore or fall based on self-report or reports provided by their families. In addition, the prevalence of constipation was assessed based on the Rome 3 criteria. Data analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney U test and Chi-square.

The two groups were homogenous in terms of the mean age and stroke criteria, and the patients were distributed homogenously in terms of gender based on the Braden and Mors criteria. No significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of the frequency of bedsore (P=0.068), while they were significantly difference in terms of constipation (P<0.001) and fall (P=0.041).

According to the results, the program involving the liaison nurse for the monitoring of stroke patients based on their individual needs after discharge could effectively decrease the incidence of constipation and fall following stroke.

Oxidative stress has been reported to provide neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS). Coenzyme Q10 is an endogenous lipid-soluble antioxidant. Up-to-date, no intervention studies have investigated coenzyme Q10 supplementation in MS. The purpose of this study was to investigate oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme and lipid peroxide activities in women with MS following administration of coenzyme Q10 (300 mg/day).

This study was designed as a single-blinded, randomized, parallel placebo-controlled study. Women with MS (n=30) were randomly assigned to placebo (n=15) or coenzyme Q10 (300 mg/day) (n=15) group. The intervention was completed within eight weeks. Plasma coenzyme Q10, oxidative stress (MDA) and antioxidant enzymes activity (SOD, GPX, TAC) were assessed. Data were analyzed using two independent-samples tests (Mann-Whitney U) (P<0.05).

The antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD) (P = 0.001) and coenzyme Q10 (P = 0.002) significantly increased. However, no significant differences were reported for serum levels of MDA, GPX and TAC between the two groups (P > 0.05) after eight weeks of coenzyme Q10 supplementation.

In conclusion, this study has demonstrated that a dose of 300 mg/d of coenzyme Q10 can improve antioxidant enzyme system with no effects on peroxidation lipid (MDA) and DESS in women with MS.

Despite the potential benefits of virtual reality technology in physical rehabilitation, only a few studies have evaluated the efficacy of this type of treatment in patients with neck pain. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of virtual reality training (VRT) versus conventional proprioceptive training (CPT) in patients with neck pain. Forty four participants with nonspecific chronic neck pain were randomly assigned to VRT or CPT in this assessor-blinded clinical trial. A novel videogame called Cervigame® was designed for VRT. It comprises of 50 stages divided into unidirectional and two-directional stages ordered from easy to hard. CPT consisted of eye-follow, gaze stability, eye-head coordination and position and movement sense training. Both groups completed 8 training sessions over 4 weeks. Visual analogue scale score, neck disability index and Y-balance test results were recorded at baseline, immediately after and 5 weeks post-intervention. Mixed repeated measure ANOVA was used to analyze differences between mean values for each variable at an alpha level of 0.05. There were significant improvements in all variables in both groups immediately after and 5 weeks after the intervention. Greater improvements were observed in the visual analogue scale and neck disability index scores in VRT group, and the results for all directions in Y-balance test were similar in both groups. No side effects were reported. Improvements in neck pain and disability were greater in VRT than CPT group. Cervigame® is a potentially practical tool for rehabilitation in patients with neck pain.

Suicide is one of the psychosocial problems in Lorestan Province due to its socio-cultural and economic structure. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of age group, time period, and birth cohort on the suicide incidence in Lorestan Province during the 2006-2015.
  In this study, to overcome the identifiability problem, the Carstensen approach and natural cubic smoothing character were used in age-period-cohort models (APC). Cohort effect was calculated as the relative rate from the 1984 reference cohort for men and 1987 cohort for women. The period effect in both sexes constrained to be relative to 1390 and to be 0 on average with 0 slope. The best APC model for both sexes was the models with "AC-P" parameter, 7 knots, and natural splines for men and B splines for women. All analyses were performed using the R software with Epi package.
  The age effect showed that the highest suicide incidence rate was seen in the elderly. Two strong birth cohort effects were observed, one increasing one in the 1980 cohort and one decreasing one in 1991 cohort. The most significant period effect was seen in men in 2011.
  The effects of 1991 and 1980 birth cohorts could be due to the consequences of imposed war in Iran. The three economic phenomena, oil price change, increased divorce rate, and increased unemployment rate can be effective in the emergence of the period effect in year 2011.

The maintenance of postural control is a key component in dynamic physical activity, especially during muscle fatigue and against external forces. Despite many studies in this field, there is no consensus regarding the effects of plantar flexor muscles fatigue on postural control during different postural tasks. To evaluate the effects of plantar flexor muscles fatigue on postural control during quiet stance and external perturbation in healthy subjects. Twenty four healthy individuals (20-35 years) participated this interventional study. The foot center of pressure data was measured using a single force platform, and then the postural control parameters, including the center of pressure displacement and velocity in the anterior-posterior and medial-lateral direction and also path length calculated under two conditions; quiet and perturbed stance, before and after plantar flexor muscles fatigue. The statistical analysis demonstrated that mean displacement and velocity of the center of pressure in the anterior-posterior direction and also path length increased after the fatigue protocol in the perturbed condition. However, fatigue had no significant effects on postural control parameters in the quiet standing condition. These results indicated that the effects of muscle fatigue on postural control depend on the difficulty of the task and the relevance of proprioceptive information. The postural control system appears to use distinct control strategies in different situations such as quiet and perturbed stance conditions, and these strategies may be differentially altered by fatigue. In conclusion, due to the potential risk of loss of balance, it is important to take the role of plantar flexor muscle fatigue into account during more difficult postural tasks.

This study aimed to investigate floristic and physiognomic characteristics of all plant species in relation to grazing and anthropogenic disturbances. So that, 100 ha beech communities were studied including 50 ha as protected and 50 ha as unprotected area of oriental beech communities in Masal forest, Guilan Province, Iran. The results indicated that the number of all species were higher in the protected area. The main family of the protected area was the Rosaceae, while in the unprotected area the Asteracea had the highest frequency. To identify and classify forest types in both areas, we used the proportion of each tree species larger than 7.5 cm in diameter to determine species dominance according to the classification method of Gorji Bahri. The applied tree classification method indicated that there were three main types and two secondary types in the protected area, whereas six main types were identified in the unprotected area. Physiognomic studies indicated that trees from both areas were in the same height classes, whereas, the total canopy cover percentage was higher in the protected area. Height classes and canopy cover percentage of deciduous broadleaf in shrub layer, were significantly higher in unprotected area than in protected one. In the latter area, the coverpercentage of herbaceous species was different. So that, forbs species had the highest coverpercentage. According to these results, destructive factors have altered the main composition in these communities. So that, avoid of livestock grazing and local people in these areas or livestock exclusion can be recommended as a management.

Let $X$ be a Banach space of $dim X > 2$ and $B(X)$ be the space of bounded linear operators on X. If $L : B(X)to B(X)$ be a Lie higher derivation on $B(X)$, then there exists an additive higher derivation $D$ and a linear map $tau : B(X)to FI$ vanishing at commutators $[A, B]$ for all $A, Bin B(X)$ such that $L = D + tau$.

The aim of this research is to investigate the existence and the three dimensional distribution of the pollution around Sarkhoun refinery. Following the initial investigation of the site, wells were dug up to hardpans followed by sampling. Soil pollution mappings and its distribution were performed by Surfer and Arc GIS and MATLAB softwares. The results showed that due to the lack of underground water in the area and the hardpans near soil surface, pollution spread has happened through gas spread from the limited region above the hardpan. Geostatistic studies and 3-dimential estimated pollutions mapping by software showed the range of studied polluted soil for TOG and TPH was 3633 and 2612 mg/Kg near burning pits and to 7 and 4 mg/Kg in the west south of the refinery. Furthermore, pollution spread in the direction of soil layers gradient is towards Salt River, which is placed in the east of the refinery. In the east of refinery, sudden increase in both pollution maps was related to the tube lines breakage. The result showed that TOG pollution map and TPH pollution map had similar trend. The results of the simulations revealed that in Sarkhoun soils by increasing in water debit to burning pits, risk of pollution spreading increased, Therefore appropriate remedy for blockage of spreading would be necessary.

Ophtalmia Neonatorum means bacterial conjunctivitis in first months of life. Considering the fact that it is the commonest infectious diseases in first months of life, this study was performed in Sh.Beheshti hospital born-neonates, in order to determine the frequency of various pathogenic bacterial agents and their sensitivity patterns to common antibiotics. This study was carried out on 230 term neonates (38-40 wks of gestational age), between 0-25 days of age with conjunctivitis, who were born in Sh.Beheshti hospital and visited by pediatricians. Following examinations of patients, clinical diagnosis of conjunctivitis and recording the data, samples for microbial cultures, smearing and staining were taken. Then antibiotics sensitivity patterns with nine available antibiotics for each organism were investigated. Coagulase-positive staphylococci were found to be the commonest causative organism (30%) and Chlamydia was the least common (2.2%). Nisseria gonorrhea (Gonococcus) was not found in the spectrum of the various isolated bacteria. The most sensitive antibiotics were Ceftrioxane and Chloramphenicol, whereas the most resistant were Tetracyclin and Ampicillin. Also the most sensitive antibiotics for Coagulase-positive and negative Staphylococci, Haemophilus Influenza was Chloramphenicol, for Streptococci and Kelebsiella was Ceftrioxane, for E.coli was Amikacin and for Pseudomonas was Amikacin and Ceftrioxane. It was also revealed that all causative organisms could cause the disease in the first day of life. Unlike the results of the studies carried out in other countries, this one showed that Ophtalmia Neonatorum is infrequently associated with sexually transmitted diseases (Chlamydia and Gonococcus). Since the Gonococcus was not found among various causative organisms , revising the primary ophthalmic prophylaxis seems necessary. Moreover, since it was revealed that all organisms can cause conjunctivitis in the first day of life ,there needs to be a prophylactic agent immediately after birth which can reduce the colony count of the bacteria in conjunctivitis.