s. sharifi

Managing cultural changes in the virtual space is inevitable since it is a place of conflict between power flows, especially the reputation system. Achieving desirable and sustainable cultural changes requires attention to changeability requirements. It means that ignoring these requirements can affect the process and content of changes. Based on this, the purpose of this article is to investigate and answer the question: What are the requirements of cultural changes through the fame of celebrities in the virtual space? The research is based on Husserl's descriptive phenomenology as well as Colaizzi's method (1978). The research population is those who are active in various fields of science, art, sports, and virtual space activism. Semi-structured and in-depth interviews were conducted with 16 people as a research sample using the criterion-dependent purposeful sampling method until the level of data saturation. The data were validated through external auditors, returning to the interviewees, and in-depth descriptions. The findings showed that the requirements of cultural changes through celebrities in the virtual space can be found at structural and content levels: in the dimensions of optimal networking, control of structural resistance, family changes, and social capital building in the form of structural requirements, and in the dimensions of cultural flow, cultural leadership and attention to social status in the form of content requirements. The results, in addition to showing the role of celebrities in cultural changes, emphasize the factors facilitating the influence of celebrity culture in the Iranian society.

On the field and in the paddy milling factory dryer losses have always been challenging issues in the rice industry. Different forms of losses in brown rice may occur depending on the field and factory conditions. To reduce the losses, proper management during pre-harvest, harvesting, and post-harvest operations is essential. In this study, different on-field drying and tempering methods were investigated to detect different forms of brown rice losses.

The present study was conducted on the most common Hashemi paddy variety during the 2019-2020 season in Talesh, Rezvanshahr, and Masal cities in the Guilan province, Iran with 0.2 hectares and 5 paddy milling factory dryers. On the fields, the method and date of tillage, irrigation, and transplanting used in all experimental units were the same. Moreover, the same amount of fertilizer and similar spraying methods were used across all experiments. For the pre-drying process on the fields, the following three pre-drying methods were applied on the harvest day: A1) The paddies were spread on the cut stems for insolating, A2) The paddies were stacked and stored after being placed on the cut stems for 5h, and A3) The paddies were covered with plastic wrap and stored after 5h of insolating. The first method (A1) is the most common in the area and was chosen as the control treatment. For the second step of the process, the time interval between the on-field pre-drying and threshing was considered: B1) 14 to 19h post-harvest; B2) 20 to 24h post-harvest, and B3) 25 to 29h post-harvest. Afterward, methods A1 to A3 were combined with methods B1 to B3 and feed into an axial flow-thresher at 10 kg min-1, 550 rpm PTO, and two levels of moisture content at 19 and 26 percent (% w.b). The third process was two-stage or three-stage tempering for 10 or 15 hours resulting in four levels (C1 to C4) and was done in the conventional batch type dryer under temperatures of 40 and 50 ˚C and airspeeds of 0.5 and 0.8 m s-1 in paddy milling factories. At the end of each process, a 100g sample was oven-dried for 48h and a microscope achromatic objective 40x was used to detect incomplete horizontal or vertical cracks, tortoise pattern cracks, and immature and chalky grains. The equilibrium moisture content was determined to be 7.3 percent. Losses properties were analyzed using a completely randomized factorial design with a randomized block followed by Tukey's HSD test at the 5% probability and comparisons among the three replications were made.

Results demonstrated that the stack and plastic drying methods significantly increased the percentage of losses. In the plastic drying method, the percentage of chalky grains and tortoise pattern cracks was higher than other forms of loss. In the first process, irrespective of the pre-drying method, the losses were reduced at a lower level of moisture content. At the end of the first stage, losses in the spreading method were significantly lower at 19% moisture content. Threshing the plastic-wrapped paddies after 14 to 19 hours at 19% moisture content resulted in the maximum threshing loss of 8.446% and over half of the grains were chalky or had tortoise pattern cracks. The threshing loss was halved (4.443%) for paddies threshed 25 to 29h after spreading at a moisture content of 26%. The mean of losses in the second step of the process were 7.229, 5.585, and 5.156% for the time interval between the on-field pre-drying and threshing of 14 to 19h, 20 to 24h, and 25 to 29h, respectively. In the last step of the process in paddy milling factory dryers, there was no significant difference in the minimum percent of losses between 10 and 15 hours of three-stage tempering at 40 °C and with 0.5 m s-1 airspeed. Furthermore, maximum total losses with the most incomplete horizontal and vertical cracks occurred in the two-stage 10h tempering at 50 °C and with 0.5 and 0.8 m s-1 airspeed.

Food security has always been a critical matter in developing countries. Furthermore, identifying the source of losses in the fields and the factories is one way to reduce losses and achieve food security. Stacking or wrapping the paddies in plastic after pre-drying on the fields for 5h is not recommended in terms of its effect on increasing the percentage of brown rice losses. Additionally, due to the importance of factory dryer scheduling in the management of the losses, it is recommended to use a three-stage 10h tempering at 40 °C and with 0.5 m s-1 airspeed.

The ever-increasing use of information and communication technologies and virtual networks has created a possibility for educational development and transformation in the metaverse context. This possibility is related to the infrastructural development capabilities on the one hand and the content and structural aspects of education in society on the other hand. Despite its positive and negative aspects, this subject requires serious attention to achieve meta-education. This study, by taking into account the perspectives of experts, intends to analyze the challenges of education in the metaverse. Here, a qualitative content analysis method was adopted, with the data collection tool being semi-structured interviews with 12 people until reaching the saturation level. The data was analyzed through an inductive approach and the reliability of contents was checked by "independent coders and expert group" method. The findings showed that the educational challenges in the metaverse include themes such as deconstruction of education, gamification, the conflict of diversity and singularity, the challenge of unknownness, the intellectual property interest, educational justice, perceived compatibility, the challenge of conflict, dependence and post-realism learning.  It seems that the capabilities of using the educational metaverse in Iran are still not available due to the aforementioned challenges. Since capacities and capabilities are necessary for educational development, preparing grounds for its use by the next generation through a planning based on the findings of this paper can greatly increase the utilization rate of its positive aspects.

This study uses real data of Bushehr nuclear power plant (BNPP), and by soft computing methods and without using the data of self-powered neutron detectors (SPNDs), the maximum linear heat rate of BNPP is estimated. The efficient learning algorithms of artificial neural network (ANN), including Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) and Bayesian regularization (BR) in combination with different features selection techniques including Pearson, Spearman, and Kendall’s tau, are employed to estimate the target parameter. Results show that the proposed method is appropriate for estimating the maximum linear heat rate. Given the importance of this parameter in terms of safety and the fact that its excessive increase actuates the shutdown signal of the reactor, the use of the appropriated approaches such as the present study can increase the safety of the plant and improve Defense-In-Depth (DID).

The economic actors` behavior could not be understood in isolation, without considering the influence of cultural factors. Although there has been less attention paid to the role of culture in economic activism, it is of strategic importance, especially among the youth because culture can affect their behavior valuation, behavior purpose, and behavior standard. Therefore, the purpose of the current study is to investigate the cultural perception of money among the young generation. Analysis is based on a subtype of qualitative method content analysis of the interviews. The study population includes young economic activists aged between 18 and 32 years. The targeted sampling is based on criteria and non-homogeneous method, reaching the theoretical saturation point with 12 subjects. Data are collected using semi-structured interviews. The credibility of the collected data is confirmed by credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability indexes, as well as by in depth description, reference to interviewees, and two encoders. The findings show that money is culturally perceived as an end, an indicator of social conflict, an alternative to happiness, and a benchmark for social credibility among the young generation; on the other hand, these perceptions could be attributed to priority of money function over money usage, educational conflict, the dominance of thrift, overview of values and money-based identity, will power, the social trap of money, and the ambiguity within monetary authorities. In general, findings show that ambiguity and contradiction in young people's understanding has caused the perception of money to be changed compared to the past, enriching its function.

There is little information about the genetic resources of Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.), an important edible and one of the most important plants in pomology and economy in Iran. Germplasm identification and conservation are important and fundamental issues in breeding programs. Six regions in BoyerAhmad and Dena Counties were chosen, and 82 walnut genotypes were selected randomly. Annual growth period was short in Setangun and Ganjegun Regions (190-200 days), but in other investigated regions was long and more than 230 days. Maximum fruit and kernel weights were 63.44 and 8.35 g, respectively. The number of observed alleles ranged from seven (ISSR7A) to 14 (ISSR3A) for primers, and the Number of effective alleles (Ne) in the primers used was between 1.19 to 1.45. The highest Ne alleles belonged to the ISSR1A primer (1.445). Walnut genotypes showed the highest genetic diversity based on the information derived from ISSR1A and ISSR2A with PIC index of 0.44 and 0.41, respectively. The Neichr('39')s gene diversity ranged from 0.13 to 0.24, and the Shannonchr('39')s index was from 0.23 to 0.44. In general, increase in the altitude and decrease in the temperature delayed phenological characteristics.Suitable genetic diversity was found among the genotypes, based on the morphological and phenological characteristics and the ISSR markers. Overall, the results are useful in walnut breeding and conservation programs, and by choosing late leafing and flowering genotypes from Setangun and Ganjegun Regions, it would be possible to reduce the risks of late spring frost.

The role of calcium in the growth, fruiting and preservation of the quality of strawberries, has been well known. In this research, effect of calcium chloride along with naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) under shade conditions on growth, yield and quality of Paros strawberry was investigated. The experiment was a factorial with two factors of light intensity (normal light and shade condition) and calcium chloride and NAA treatment (control, 0.75% calcium chloride, 25 mg/L NAA, and 0.75% calcium chloride + 25 mg/L NAA). The results showed that spraying NAA and calcium chloride under shade conditions increased plant growth when compared with light conditions. Under normal light conditions, calcium chloride treatment increased the fruit diameter and yield in comparison with control treatment under light and shade conditions. The highest fruit firmness (342.0 N/cm2) was observed in the treatment of calcium chloride under light and shade conditions. NAA treatment under shade conditions resulted in higher anthocyanin. The treatment of calcium chloride + NAA in normal light condition showed higher total phenol (1.12 mg/g FW) and antioxidant activity (72.12%). Calcium chloride treatment increased the amount of calcium in the fruits by nearly 50%. Moreover, calcium chloride treatment in shade condition led to a 12% increase in calcium content of petiole, in comparison to those of control in shade condition. Calcium chloride along with NAA treatment increased leaf calcium compared to control treatment in light conditions. From the present results, it can be concluded that treatment of plant by calcium chloride alone in both light and shade conditions can increase the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of fruits of Paros cultivar of strawberry. Similarly, in some conditions, the use of NAA can, increase the absorption of calcium by the leaves.