shiva maleki

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of teaching grammar explicitly on Iranian tourism and hotel management students’ grammar knowledge. The 65 Iranian tourism and hotel management students who participated in this study were homogenized based on the Nelson proficiency test, so 51 tourism and hotel management students were selected as the main participants. They were divided into three experimental groups, which were called the "integrated FFI group," "pre-task FFI group," and "post-task FFI group." The learners' scores were compared using ANCOVA to analyze the data. The learners were pretested using the error correction test to assess their explicit grammar knowledge. After the treatment sessions, learners were post-tested using the error correction test to check the efficacy of the timing of form-focused instruction on the development of explicit knowledge of grammar. Based on the obtained results, it was found that there is a significant difference between the effects of integrated FFI, pre-task FFI, and post-task FFI on the explicit knowledge of the grammar of tourism and hotel management students.

The aim of this study was to identify the factors affecting the Realization of student voice in elementary school the under the heading of the antecedents of the Realization of student voice with Meta Synthesis method. This study is applied in terms of purpose.The statistical population includes all previous researches in this field between 2000-2021. In order to collect the data of the current research, a total of ten databases were searched for domestic (Magiran, Irandoc, Elmnet, Noormags and Civilica) and foreign (EBSCO, Springer, Science Direct, ERIC and Google Scholar) publications. In this regard, keywords related to the purpose of the research were searched and the most relevant studies were selected as a statistical sample using the purposeful sampling method. 115 sources were evaluated in the field of student voice and finally, 28 articles were selected and their codes and dimensions were extracted by their content analyzing.The research findings were identified and categorized into 5 categories, 21 concepts and 170 codes, which the five main categories being Educational democracy, Teacher charisma, Optimal evaluation system, content and Purposeful entertainment bell. Finally, after the research steps, a pattern of the antecedents of the Realization of student voice was presented. . The results...

Undoubtedly, one of the most important goals of education in any country is to prepare children for real life. Therefore, compulsory education cannot establish a meaningful connection between the inner need and the outer experience of the child. Although these teachings are carried out in the name of socializing and educating the child, it should be seen to what extent the child has a sense of attachment and belonging to the teachings presented, and to what extent the school education is consistent with the real needs of his life. Traditional education methods are not sufficient for today's learners, and this school of life is considered the most basic part of education. The discussion about the school of life is a new look at education and the fundamental transformation in education cannot continue without paying attention to the role of the school of life. The school of life is a dynamic institution that the elements considered in this school are far beyond the elements that are considered for common schools. In important schools, one of the main elements of the school of life is neglected and only a few of these elements are considered important. According to the above, identifying the effective factors in the school of life is an important and key discussion. School is an important part of students' lives, so it needs to be related to their real life. Considering that the goal of the school of life is to remove the walls between home and school in order to respond to all the needs and talents of students, it is necessary to pay attention to the factors, dimensions and components that are effective in its creation and establishment. Therefore, The present research has been carried out in order to fulfill this necessity and with the aim of designing a paradigm model of the school of life for the elementary school. This research method is qualitative and has been conducted using the grounded theory based on Strauss-Corbin's approach. The statistical population includes all previous researches in the field of the subject between 2000 - 2021. In order to collect the data of the current research, a total of ten databases were searched for domestic (Magiran, Irandoc, Elmnet, Noormags and Civilica) and foreign (EBSCO, Springer, Science Direct, ERIC and Google Scholar) publications. In this regard, keywords related to the purpose of the research were searched and the most relevant studies were selected as a statistical sample using the purposeful sampling method. 136 sources were evaluated in the field of School of Life and their codes and dimensions were extracted by their content analyzing.  From the primary raw data, 1052 key points and 145 concepts were extracted in open coding. And the mentioned concepts were categorized in the form of 32 components and 7 main categories. The seven main categories are: Administrator competence, teacher competence, student voice, school architecture, organic structure, positive thinking culture and effective learning- teaching. Finally, the paradigm model of the school of life was presented. The results of the current research and the model presented in this research can be a suitable road map for the effective establishment of the school of life. The findings of the research showed that one of the effective components in the establishment of the school of life is the competence of human resources. In this regard, the professional and personal qualifications of the school principal and teacher are of great importance. Taking a step towards the realization of the school of life requires the use of the most capable forces of education and training in the position of school management. Therefore, the competence of the manager as an effective factor in the realization of the school of life is under the causal conditions. In addition, teachers form the basis of a successful education system. Therefore, the qualification of the teacher is also related to the school of life as a causal factor. Based on this, the important elements and components that come under the causal conditions, i.e. the manager's qualification and the teacher's qualification, include: professional vision, educational leadership, perceptive skill and professional ethics of the school principal, as well as knowledge, skills, professional and personality qualifications. He is a teacher. Various researches confirm the positive role of the characteristics and qualifications of the educational director and teacher in this regard. An effective strategy to realize the school of life is to listen to the students' voices. In order to categorize the antecedents of the realization of student voice, five comprehensive components were used, which include educational democracy, teacher charisma, favorable evaluation system, content and purposeful entertainment. The realization of the student's voice by listening and responding to them as the main stakeholders, aims to improve educational results and create an attractive, meaningful and meaningful learning environment. According to the findings of the current research, the background conditions are divided into two categories: organic structure and positive thinking culture, which are the basis for the establishment of the school of life. One of the important components under the organic structure is lack of concentration, enabling, flexible and dynamic structure. Also, positive thinking culture is divided into four components, including supporting culture, knowledge sharing, trust and respect, and scientific optimism. Among the other codes extracted as intervening conditions, was the school architecture, which was based on the analysis, these intervening conditions affecting the school of life have five components, which include educational spaces, educational spaces, open spaces, support and service spaces. and visual effects. A beautiful and attractive school and its physical environment are of special importance for people, it affects the emotions and how to communicate with others and facilitates the field for learning and flourishing of talents. Finally, effective teaching-learning as an outcome and achievement in the school of life consists of six components of performance-based learning, cooperative, informal, hands-on, using Fava and multimedia learning.  Realization of effective and sustainable education and learning is one of the important goals of educational systems and the increasing emphasis on teaching and learning management is the central core of the activities of educational institutions.

The purpose of this study is to survey and discover the mediating effect of Affective Commitment on the relationship between Enabling school structure and Collective Responsibility andAcademic Optimism Present research is applied in terms of objective and data collection method is descriptive- correlations. statistical population of the research includes all 500teachers of Razan city that 217 of them were selected through simple random sampling method based on Morgan table. Data were gathered through Enabling school structure, Collective responsibility, Academic Optimism, and Affective Commitment questionnaires. The structural Equation modeling was used to investigate relationship between the variables in the conceptual model. The results showed that relationship between Enabling structure and Academic Optimism is mediated through Affective Commitment. also, the mediating role of affective commitment was in the relationship between Collective responsibility and Academic Optimism. The findings also showed that   the most significant correlation was achieved in the relationship between Collective responsibility and Academic Optimism. In the considered model, all regression weights were statically significant except the relationship between Enabling structure and Academic Optimism. As the result of this research indicate, the empowerment and increasing of collective responsibility in schools in mediation of Affective Commitment can have observable effect on positive results such as academic optimism of teachers, as one of the most important and effective factors in achieving education goals

Oncolytic reoviruses can infect and kill malignant cells while sparing their normal counterparts. Reoviral infection can induce or activate autophagy, even though metformin can induce autophagy. Identifying and regulating the cellular pathways important for reovirus replication and oncolysis can improve targeted-biological therapies for cancer. Here, the autophagic process was triggered via metformin, and we investigated the effect of autophagy activation on oncolytic reovirus replication in mesenchymal stem cells as primary cells and L929 cell lines.

Adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) and L929 cells were treated with metformin and reovirus type-3 strain Dearing (T3D). Twenty-four hours after infection, the viability of AD-MSCs and L929 cells were examined by MTT assay. Also, the effect of metformin-induced autophagy in the reovirus replication in these cells was determined by real-time polymerasechain-reaction.

Our results show that treatment with metformin and reovirus reduced the viability of the cells compared to treatment with metformin or reovirus alone in both cells. Also, coadministration of metformin and reovirus significantly decreased the relative expression level of the Beclin-1 gene compared to treatment with metformin in both cells. However, the expression level of the reovirus L3 gene after treatment with metformin and reovirus in L929 cells increased significantly compared to AD-MSCs.

Our data suggest that metformin-induced autophagy enhances reoviral replication in AD-MSCs and L929 cells. These findings represent the role of autophagy induction in facilitating reovirus replication and contribute to a better understanding of reovirus-host interactions.

One of the challenges related to school activities and one of the most important and considered discussions of experts and psychologists in the field of learning disorders, which has become a challenge for those in charge of education, is dictation error. ‌ بود. Learning disabilities, including dictation problems, are a major cause of many elementary school students' academic problems, and the existence of numerous problems in writing skills, especially dictation, is one of the problems that elementary school teachers face. It faces. Therefore, poor spelling is one of the concerns that needs to be explored. Analyzing, identifying and categorizing the type of student dictation mistakes and common mistakes in this field by the instructor and performing special activities to overcome it - can eliminate or modify the problems in children's dictation writing. Elementary schools are seen to be effective. In view of the above, and considering that the first step in overcoming any weakness is to identify and find its root; The authors of the present study, through the library method and collecting information from available scientific articles, print and electronic sources, as well as based on experiences and evidence in this field to investigate various dictation errors in primary school students and provide solutions in This relationship has been addressed.

Students and professors as the most important elements of the education system have the central and crucial role in effective and successful implementation of e-learning technologies in the field of teaching and learning; and knowing their preparation and attitudes for successful implementation and enforcement of such an approach is essential. Therefore, the present study has been covered in order to fulfill this requirement and designed to assess the preparation of students and attitudes of Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University’s professors toward e-learning system. Methodology The descriptive-survey study was conducted on218students and 198 faculty members of Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University in 2014-2015 academic years, which were selected by stratified random sampling method. The amount of students’ preparation and professors’ attitude towards e-learning system were measured using a standard questionnaire. Statistical analysis used in this study is descriptive and inferential statistics (frequency tables, barographs, mean and standard deviation, one-sample t-test and F- test). Research findings showed that students of Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University have moderate preparation to participate in e-learning. And also the results indicate that professors of the university have a positive attitude towards the implementation of e-learning system. The results analysis indicates that there is significant difference between the amounts of students’ preparation indifferent schools to participate in e-learning. But about the rest of the questions (the difference between students’ preparation according to their educational level and academic achievements) the difference was not significant.

The phenomenon of job stress is an inevitable part of professional life and in the activities and efficiency is reflected in the organization. This study aimed to identify and predict the relationship between psychological capital and job deviation behavior through job stress regarding the moderating role of perceived organizational support. This study is correlation by using descriptive methods for applied goals. Standard questionnaire was used to collect data. 180 participants was estimated and stratified random sampling. The results showed the significance of the relationship between the variables except the relationship between deviant behaviors with psychological capital. Also, the interactive role of job stress and perceived organizational support on psychological capital and job deviation behavior was confirmed. This means that for the hospital's nurses and staffs with job stress, increasing perceived organizational support associated with enhancing psychological capital and decreasing job deviation behavior. These results emphasize necessity of recognizing interactive role of job stress and perceived organizational support in psychological capital and job deviation behavior.

Considering ethical issues in higher education and promoting academy members professional ethics can affect the dissemination of the culture of sharing knowledge, information, ideas and specialty. The purpose of this study was to survey and discover the mediating effect of professional ethics on the relationship between intellectual capital, organizational learning and knowledge sharing capabilities.
The current study was a descriptive- correlative research. Statistical population included all 171 faculty members of Ilam University of Medical Sciences that 125 of whom were selected through stratified random sampling method based on Morgan table. Data was gathered through professional­ ethics, organizational ­learning capability, knowledge sharing, and intellectual capital questionnaires. To investigate the relationship between the variables in a conceptual model, the structural equation modeling was used.
Results showed that the relationship between intellectual capital and knowledge sharing was mediated through professional ethics. But the mediating role of professional ethics in the relationship between intellectual capital and learning capability was not confirmed. The results also showed that the highest significant correlation was achieved in the relationship between intellectual capital and learning capability. In the considered­ model, all regression weights, except­ for the­ relationship between professional ethics and organizational ­learning capability, were statistically significant.
Considering the principles of professional ethics and managing and developing intellectual capital at universities, which are expected to be at the center of knowledge creation, can be of great importance in promoting the culture of knowledge sharing among faculty members.

The current study was done aiming at the survey of the relationship and prediction of organizational citizenship behavior and accountability through the psychological capital with regard to role of moderator variable of organizational identity.The research method was descriptive correlation. The research population consisted was 225, all education staff, whom wee chosen 180 people according to Morgan randommly-stratified. The data were gathered through Lutthans et al. (2007) standard questionnaires of psychological capital, Mael and Ashforth (1992) organizational identity, Podsakoff et al. (2000) organizational citizenship, Hochwarter et al. (2005) accountability. For data analysis was used the Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple modereated regression throuth SPSS statistical software. The research findings demonstrated a meaningful relationship between the variables. The interactive role of psychological capital and organizational identity on organizational citizenship behavior in education staff was approved. For the staffs with psychological capital, increasing organizational identity encompasses enhancing organizational citizenship behavior. But, the interactive role of psychological capital and organizational identity on accountability was not confirmed. The results put emphasis on the necessity of increase employee's identification with the organization, their psychological capital development and recognize the role of these variables on the consequences of job.

Perceptions of organizational politics and political behavior are common and conventional phenomena in every organization and can affect the outcome of the job. Considering the significance of satisfaction, performance and stress structures in the workplace, the present study aim was assessment the mediating effect of Perceived Organizational Support (POS) on Relationshipbetween politics perceptions with work outcomes (stress, job satisfaction and job performance). A sample consisting of 250 employees welfare was chosen using random simple sampling and Morgan Table. The present study was based on the practical purpose and descriptive method. The data were gathered through Ferris and Kacmar standard questionnaires of politics perceptions, Brayfield and Roths job satisfaction, Paterson job performance, House and Rizzo stress and Eisenberger and et al perceived support. The results showed that organizational politics perceptions bear a positive and significant relationship with job stress. The results also showed that the relationship between organizational politics perceptions and stress, job satisfaction and job performance is mediated through perceived organizational support. In the concerned model all regressive weights – except the relationship between politics perceptions and job satisfaction and job performance – were statistically significant.

Aim of the present study is investigate the role of team identification on job performance and social responsibility with considering the mediating role of organizational identification. Research method of study is descriptive – correlation. The statistical population of this study included all telecommunications employees of Tabriz city in the year of 2014. For data gathering in this study, a sampling comprising 180 employees in Tabriz city was selected by using stratified random sampling. The data were gathered through standard questionnaires of team identification, organizational identification, job performance and social responsibility. For evaluating the relations among variables, measured in conceptual model, the Structural Equation Modeling was used. The results showed that Team identification bears a positive and significant relation with job performance and social responsibility. The results also showed that the relation between team identification with job performance and social responsibility is mediated through organizational identification. In the concerned model all regressive weights were statistically significant. The results suggest that a team identity through Organizational identity enhances employees' job performance and social responsibility.

Ethical and moral values lie at the root of employee behavior and activities. Hence، observance of professional ethics and the related benefits are among the most fundamental research topics in organizational areas. This descriptive-correlational research was performed according to the practical study objectives and through adopting a data collection approach. With the aim of exploring the mediating effect of organizational identification on the relationship between professional ethics، organizational citizenship behavior and job deviation behavior، a sample of 225 employees and hospital specialists were chosen from the cities of Maku، Showt and Poldasht using random stratified sampling. Data were gathered through standard questionnaires of Van Dick’s organizational identification، professional ethics، citizenship behavior and deviation behavior. In order to evaluate the relationship among variables measured in a conceptual model، Structural Equation Modeling was used. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between organizational identification and professional ethics (r = 0. 177) and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) (r = 0. 179). Findings also showed that the relationship between professional ethics and citizenship behavior and deviation behavior is mediated through organizational identification. In the above-mentioned model، all regression weights were statistically significant، except for the relationship between professional ethics and deviation behavior. The results of this study indicated that professional ethics strengthened organizational identification on the one hand، and organizational identification strengthened citizenship behavior and reduced the deviation behavior of the employees and hospital specialists on the other hand.