soleiman mohammadzadeh
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مقدمه
ظهور کووید-19 تاثیر روانشناختی بسیاری بر روی نوجوانان دارد که یکی از آنها افسردگی ، اضطراب و استرس است و تاثیرات جسمی و روانی را به همراه آورده است.
هدفهدف از مطالعه حاضر بررسی شیوع اضطراب و افسردگی در دانش آموزان شهر سنندج در اپیدمی ویروس کووید-19 در سال 1401 می باشد.
روشاین مطالعه به شیوه توصیفی تحلیلی از نوع مقطعی انجام شد. جامعه مورد مطالعه شامل کلیه دانش آموزان مقطع راهنمایی شهر سنندج در سال 1401 با حجم نمونه 270 نفر و دامنه سنی 13-15 سال بود. جهت جمع آوری اطلاعات از پرسشنامه DASS-21 استفاده گردید. اطلاعات با استفاده از نرم افزارSPSS-24 تجزیه و تحلیل گردید.
یافته هانتایج مطالعه نشان داد که میانگین نمره افسردگی، اضطراب و استرس به ترتیب 3.39 ± 14.68، 2.99 ±14.56 و 2.989 ±14.74 بود. بین میانگین نمره افسردگی، اضطراب و استرس با زمان خواب، مدت زمان فعالیت روزانه و شاخص توده بدنی ارتباط معنی داری وجود دارد (0.05>P). همچنین بین جنسیت، سابقه ابتلا به کووید- 19 در دانش آموز و خانواده آنها ، داشتن فعالیت روزانه و وضعیت اقتصادی با میانگین نمره افسردگی، اضطراب، استرس ارتباط معنی دار آماری وجود دارد (0.05> P).
نتیجه گیریشیوع پاندمی کوید-19، باعث ایجاد اضطراب، افسردگی و استرس در دانش آموزان می شود. این پدیده زمانی که که بچه ها در خانه محدود شوند و فعالیت خارج از منزل نداشته باشند تشدید می یابد. با افزایش میزان شیوع کووید- 19، سطح اضطراب، استرس و افسردگی نیز افزایش می یابد. بنابراین، افزایش آگاهی عمومی از این بیماری و ارائه برنامه های مثبت روانشناختی می تواند اضطراب را در جامعه کاهش دهد.
کلید واژگان: افسردگی، اضطراب، دانش آموزان، بیماری کووید-19IntroductionThe emergence of Covid-19 has many psychological effects on teenagers, one of which is depression, anxiety and stress, and it has brought physical and psychological effects.
AimThe purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of anxiety and depression in students of Sanandaj city during the epidemic of the Covid-19 virus in 1401.
MethodThis study was conducted in a cross-sectional descriptive analytical way. The studied population included all middle school students of Sanandaj city in 1401 with a sample size of 270 people and an age range of 13-15 years. DASS-21 questionnaire was used to collect data. The data was analyzed using SPSS-24 software.
ResultsThe results of the study showed that the average scores of depression, anxiety and stress were 14.68 ± 3.39, 14.56 ± 2.99 and 14.74 ± 2.989, respectively. There is a significant relationship between the mean score of depression, anxiety and stress with sleep time, duration of daily activity and body mass index (P<0.05). Also, there is a statistically significant relationship between gender, history of covid-19 in the student and their family, having daily activities and economic status with the average score of depression, anxiety, stress (P>0.05).
ConclusionThe outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic causes anxiety, depression and stress in students. This phenomenon is intensified when children are confined at home and do not have outdoor activities. As the spread of covid-19 increases, the level of anxiety, stress and depression also increases. Therefore, increasing public awareness of this disease and providing positive psychological programs can reduce anxiety in society
Keywords: Depression, Anxiety, Stress, Students, Covid -19 -
Background and aims
Gestational diabetes has long-term adverse consequences for both the mother and child and seems to be a risk factor for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. However, no research has been conducted in this regard in Iran.
MethodsThis was a case-control study. The sample consisted of 225 children who were referred to the general and psychiatric clinic of Besat Hospital in Sanandaj and were evaluated for a history of maternal diabetes in the fetal period. The diagnosis of ADHD in children was based on a structured clinical interview with Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime version (K-SADS-PL) by a psychiatrist and a short and revised form of Conners’ parent scale. The data were analyzed using Stata 14.
ResultsThe results showed that 25.3% of the mothers of children with ADHD had gestational diabetes during pregnancy, and 17.3% were taking diabetes medication. However, the results revealed that there is no statistically significant relationship between the history of gestational diabetes and ADHD (P=0.427). Furthermore, the logistic regression results demonstrated that the place of residence (P<0.027, OR=8.351) increases the probability of suffering from ADHD in children, while the age of the mother during pregnancy (P<0.031, OR=0.907) decreases the probability of the child suffering from ADHD.
ConclusionAlthough cohort studies have associated gestational diabetes with an increased risk of ADHD in children, the results of this case-control study do not support this association.
Keywords: Gestational diabetes, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD, Maternal diabetes -
مقدمه
افسردگی در کودکان مبتلا به سرطان می تواند باعث پیچیده تر شدن سیر بیمار شود و در روند درمان مشکلات متعددی به وجود آورد.
هدفهدف از این مطالعه تعیین شیوع افسردگی در کودکان و نوجوانان مبتلا به سرطان بود.
روشاین مطالعه از نوع توصیفی- مقطعی بود. جامعه آماری شامل 40 نفر از کودکان مبتلا به سرطان بستری شده در بخش انکولوژی بیمارستان بعثت سنندج با دامنه سنی 7 تا 17 سال در سال 1396 بودند که با استفاده از چک لیست اطلاعات دموگرافیک و پرسشنامه افسردگی کودکان (کواکس، 1979) مورد سنجش قرار گرفتند. پس از جمع آوری اطلاعات، داده ها به وسیله نرم افزار آماری SPSS نسخه 20 و با استفاده از آزمون های آماری توصیفی و کای اسکوار برای آمار تحلیلی مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت.
یافته ها:
15 درصد افراد مورد مطالعه دارای علایم افسردگی و 47/5 درصد در آستانه افسردگی بودند. شیوع افسردگی در دختران 21/1 درصد و در پسران 9/5 درصد بود (0/54=P) و بر حسب نوع سرطان (0/99=P) و روش درمانی (0/81=P) و در شاخص های دموگرافیک (0/05<P) تفاوت معنی داری وجود نداشت.
نتیجه گیری:
با توجه به شیوع نسبتا بالای افسردگی در کودکان مبتلا به بیماری سرطان پیشنهاد می شود غربالگری های لازم به منظور شناسایی و معرفی به موقع بیماران مبتلا به افسردگی به کلینیک های روانپزشکی یا روانشناسی انجام شود تا با دریافت درمان مناسب و به موقع بتوان به ارتقاء کیفیت زندگی این بیماران و خانواده آنان کمک نمود.
کلید واژگان: سرطان، افسردگی، کودک و نوجوانIntroductionDepression in children with cancer can complicate the course of the disease and cause many problems in the treatment process.
AimThe aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of depression in children and adolescents with cancer.
MethodThis study was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Forty children with cancer admitted to the oncology ward of Besat Hospital, Sanandaj, with an age range of 7- 17 years in 2016, who were selected and assessed using a demographic information checklist and the Children's Depression Inventory (Kovacs, 1979). After collecting data, the data were analyzed by SPSS-20 software using descriptive statistical tests and chi-square.
ResultsThe 15% of the subjects had depressive symptoms and 47.5% were on the verge of depression. The prevalence of depression was 21.1% in girls and 9.5% in boys (p=0.54), and there was no significant difference in terms of cancer type (p=0.99), treatment method (p=0.81) and demographic indicators (p>0.05).
ConclusionDue to the relatively high prevalence of depression in this group of patients, it is recommended that the necessary screenings be performed to identify and refer patients with depression to psychiatric or psychological clinics to receive appropriate and timely treatment to help improve the quality of life of these patients and their families.
Keywords: Neoplasms, Depression, Child, adolescent -
Chronic constipation is one of the most common problems in children. It can cause anxiety and psychological problems in patients and parents. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD) in children with chronic functional constipation. This is a case-control study performed at the gastroenterology clinic of Besat Hospital Sanandaj for one year. The children aged 7-14-year-old with chronic functional constipation were selected as a case group, and the healthy children were recruited as a control group, who referred for growth control. Then, the Maudsley questionnaire for obsessive-compulsive disorders was completed by a trained assistant. With this questionnaire, the presence or absence of OCD and its type can be determined. Forty-three children were selected as the case group and sixty-seven children as the control group. The mean age of the case and control group was 9.3±1.5 and 8.8±1.6 years, respectively. Based on the results, there was a significant difference between the groups in terms of checking, cleaning, slowness, doubting, and total obsessive score (P˂0.05). Therefore, all five types of obsessive-compulsive disorder in the case group were greater than the control group. Obsessive-compulsive disorders were more common in children with functional constipation, and the total obsessive score in these children than the healthy children was a significant difference.
Keywords: Children, Chronic functional constipation, Obsessive-compulsive disorders -
مقدمه
خودکشی کودکان و نوجوانان، از دغدغه های حوزه سلامت بوده و سیر صعودی آن حیطه های بیولوژی، سایکولوژی و اجتماعی را در برمی گیرد.
هدفبررسی خصوصیات دموگرافیکی و ارتباط مصرف مواد، سیگار و الکل توسط والدین و شخص با اقدام به خودکشی در گروه سنی 6 تا 18 سال بود.
روشاین پژوهش به روش مورد-شاهدی در گروه سنی 6 تا 18 در سال 1398 و در شهر سنندج و برآورد حجم نمونه 40 نفر در هر گروه اصلی و کنترل انجام و شیوه نمونه گیری تصادفی و بر اساس ترتیب زمانی مراجعه به بیمارستان ها بوده است. 44 نفر شامل 26 دختر و 18 پسر در گروه اصلی و 42 نفر در گروه کنترل از نظر سن، جنس، سکونت روستا یا شهر همسان سازی گردیدند. ابزارها: 1) چک لیست خودساخته 2) پرسشنامه خودکشی بک. همچنین، اطلاعات وارد نرم افزار آماری 22SPSS گردید و از میزان و درصد، میانگین و انحراف استاندارد برای محاسبه اهداف توصیفی و از کای سکوار برای تحلیل اهداف تحلیلی استفاده شد.
یافته ها:
میانگین سنی افراد مورد مطالعه در گروه اصلی 14/29 سال و در گروه کنترل 13/5 سال بود. در اقدام کنندگان به خودکشی 13 نفر سیگار، 12 نفر الکل و 7 نفر مصرف مواد و در پدران 28 نفر سیگار، 13 نفر الکل و 10 نفر مواد مصرف داشتند که با خودکشی فرزند رابطه معنی دار گزارش گردید (P<0/05). بین مصرف سیگار، مواد و الکل توسط مادر با خودکشی فرزند رابطه معنی داری یافت نشد. (0/05<P).
نتیجه گیری:
فراوانی این مشکل در کردستان و همبودی با مصرف مواد، سیگار و الکل، برنامه ریزی و مداخله سیاست گذاران و مجریان سلامت و امور اجتماعی برای توقف سیر صعودی را می طلبد.
کلید واژگان: خودکشی، کودک، نوجوان، سیگار، مواد، الکلIntroductionAs one of the major public health concerns, the progressive increase in the suicide rate among children and adolescents is associated with biological, psychological and sociological aspects.
AimThis study aimed investigating the demographic characteristics and the relationship between substance abuse, smoking and alcohol consumption by parents and children with suicide attempt history.
MethodThe present case-control study was conducted on suicide attempters aged 6-18 years in 2019 in Sanandaj, Iran. The sampling method was random and based on the chronological order of referrals to hospitals. 44 individuals including 26 girls and 18 boys in the case group and 42 individuals in the control group were matched in terms of age, sex, and rural or urban residence. Data were collected using a self-made checklist and the BECK suicide questionnaire. Statistical data were analyzed by SPSS-22 software.
ResultsThe mean age of the subjects was 14.29 in the case group, and 13.5 years in the control group. Among suicide attempters, 13 were smokers, 12 were alcoholic consumers, and 7 were substance abusers. As opposed to the insignificant effect of maternal consumption of alcohol and substance, and smoking there were 28 smokers, 13 alcoholic consumers, and 10 substance abusers among fathers, indicating the significant role of fathers in the suicide attempts of children (P<0.05).
ConclusionDue to the prevalence of suicide in Kurdistan and its concurrence with the use of drugs, cigarettes and alcohol, effective planning and intervention by policymakers and health and social authorities seem imperative.
Keywords: Suicide, Children, Adolescent, Cigarette smoking, Substance abuse, Alcohol drinking -
Background
The positive parenting program has been developed based on social learning principles and is recognized as a potent intervention to help the children with behavioral problems.
ObjectivesThe present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the triple P (positive parenting program) for mothers on the reduction of the behavioral disorders of their children.
MethodsThis quasi-experimental was conducted with a pretest-posttest and a control group. In total, 78 mothers employed in the hospitals affiliated to Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Iran who had children aged 2 - 12 years were selected, and their children were randomly assigned to the experimental (n = 39) and control groups (n = 39). The triple P intervention was implemented in the experimental group for eight sessions. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and the analysis of covariance.
ResultsThe mean age of the mothers was 33.52 ± 3.9 years. The triple P intervention could effectively reduce the behavioral disorders of the children, while it had no effects on the parenting styles, and depression, anxiety, and stress of the mothers.
ConclusionsAccording to the results, the positive parenting program could be used as a preventive and therapeutic method for the reduction of behavioral issues in children, as well as parental anxiety and depression in relation to children.
Keywords: Parenting, Positive Parenting Program, Children Behavioral Problems -
Background
There is no clear picture regarding the prevalence rates of autism and its comorbidities among Iranian children and adolescents. The present study aimed to estimate these rates as part of a large national population-based study on epidemiology of psychiatric disorders in Iranian children and adolescents.
MethodsThe total sample consisted of 31000 children and adolescents between 6 to 18 years of age. The Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Present and Life time version (K-SADS-PL) was used as the diagnostic tool.
ResultsThe prevalence of autism in the total sample is equal to 0.1% (10 per 10000), with a 2:1 male-to-female ratio. In total, 86% of people with autism had at least one comorbid condition. Intellectual disability, epilepsy, enuresis and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with prevalence rates of 70.3%, 29.7%, 27% and 21.62%, respectively, were the most prevalent comorbid conditions in people with autism. Maternal personality disorders were also shown to be associated with increasing risk of autism.
ConclusionThe present study shows high prevalence rates for autism and its comorbid conditions among Iranian children and adolescents. It also reveals that there is a relationship between some maternal psychiatric disorders and the risk of autism.
Keywords: Autism, Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, Comorbidity, Epilepsy, Intellectual disability, Prevalence -
مقدمهخشم یکی از معضلات جامعه محسوب می شود و در بسیاری از موارد به رفتارهایی منجر می شود که خسارت فراوانی به اقتصاد کشورها تحمیل می کند. هدف مطالعه حاضر بررسی خشم حالت معلمان مدارس ابتدایی شهر کرمانشاه است.روش کارمطالعه حاضر از نوع توصیفی می باشد. جامعه آماری مطالعه معلمانی هستند که در پایه های مختلف تدریس می کنند و حجم نمونه نیز 285 نفر می باشد. داده ها با استفاده از پرسشنامه خشم صفت- حالت اسپیلبرگر2 و با روش نمونه گیری تصادفی جمع آوری شد و با استفاده از نرم افزارSPSS-18 تجزیه و تحلیل شدند.یافته هانتایج نشان داد که خشم حالت معلمان مدارس پسرانه با میانگین 64/1±35/6 بالاتر از میانگین مدارس دخترانه می باشد. بالاترین خرده مقیاس خشم حالت متعلق به احساس خشم معلمان مدارس پسرانه با میانگین 22/3±59/8 می باشد. همچنین بالاترین خشم حالت در مدارس پسرانه و دخترانه به ترتیب متعلق به پایه ششم و دوم می باشد.نتیجه گیریبا توجه به بالا بودن خشم حالت و ارتباط تنگاتنگ آن با بروز خشم، ، نیاز است که آموزش و پرورش با برنامه ریزی و آموزش کارکنان خود در زمینه کنترل خشم، گامی در جهت سلامت روان معلمان بردارد.کلید واژگان: خشم حالت، معلمان، مدارس ابتداییIntroduction: Anger is one of the country's problems and in many cases leads to behavior that imposes enormous damage to the economy. The aim current study is to measure the state anger of the primary school teachers in Kermanshah.MethodThe study was descriptive. The population of the study teachers that teaching at a different base and sample size of 285 people.The data Using the state- trait anger2 questionnaires and by random sampling were collected and Using the software SPSS-18 were analyzed.ResultsThe results showed that male school teachers rage with an average of 6.35±1.64 are higher girl school teachers rage. The highest state of anger subscale is boys school teachers with an average of 8.59 ± 3.22. Also highest state anger in schools for boys and girls belong to in the sixth and two grade, respectively.ConclusionDue to the high state of anger and its close relationship with anger, require that education with planning and training of his staff in the field of anger management, take a step towards mental health of teachers.Keywords: state anger, teachers, Primary schools
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هدفهدف از این مطالعه تعیین ارتباط سطح سرمی ویتامین D در کودکان مبتلا به اختلال نقص توجه –بیش فعالی و کودکان سالم می باشد.روشاین مطالعه، از نوع مورد- شاهدی می باشد. جمعیت مورد مطالعه شامل 70 نفر که درهرگروه 35 نفر که شامل کودکان سن 4 تا 12 سال با تشخیص اختلال نقص توجه بیش فعالی بودند. داده ها پس از جمع آوری وارد نرم افزار Spss-20 شده و از آماره های توصیفی(فراوانی مطلق و نسبی، میانگین و انحراف معیار ) و در اهداف تحلیلی کیفی از تست کای دو و فیشر و و برای مقایسه میانگین سرم در دو گروه از آزمون T-test استفاده شد.یافته هاننتایج مطالعه نشان داد که 64.3% از کودکان گروه مورد مطالعه دختر و 35.7 % پسر بودند و میانگین سنی در گروه مبتلا به اختلالا ت نقص توجه بیش فعالی 1.56±7.971 و در گروه شاهد1.4 ±6.486سال بود. نتایج نشان داد که میانگین سطح ویتامین D در کودکان مبتلا به اختلال نقص توجه بیش فعالی (26.514±8.98) است، در حالیکه این میانگین در کودکان سالم (36.971±6.036)بود و این تفاوت از نظر آماری معنی داربود.(P=0.001) و میانگین سطح ویتامین D در ساب تایپهای ADHD و شدتهای ADHD متفاوت بود ولی تفاوت آماری معنی داری بین میانگین سطح سرم در افراد مبتلا برحسب شدت و نوع بیش فعالی وجود نداشت(p>0.05).نتیجه گیرینتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که سطح ویتامین D در کودکان مبتلا به اختلال نقص توجه بیش فعالی به ویژه دارای شدت خفیف و شدید از میانگین پایین تری برخوردار است و همچنین نوع کم توجهی از کمترین میانگین سطح ویتامین D برخوردار می باشد که توجه به تغذیه مادر در دوران بارداری و شیردهی، تغذیه کودک، آگاهی والدین و استفاده از مکمل های ویتامین D ممکن است در کاهش ابتلا کودکان به اختلا ل نقص توجه بیش فعالی موثر باشد.کلید واژگان: اختلال نقص توجه بیش فعالی، سطح سرمی ویتامین D، کودکانIntroductionOne of the most commonly diagnosed psychiatric disorders in children is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) which according to diagnostic criteria, it includes high symptoms, attention deficit disorder and impulsivity.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine the relationship between serum vitamin D levels in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and healthy children.MethodThis case-control study was conducted in a sample of 70 patients, including 35 cases and 35 controls in the range of 4 to 12 years old. Data was analyzed by SPSS-20 statistical software and descriptive statistics (absolute and relative frequency, mean and standard deviation), and qualitative analytical objectives of Chi-square and Fisher test and for comparison of mean serum in two groups, T-test was used.ResultsThe results of the study showed that 64.3% of the children in the study group were female and 35.7% were boys. The mean age of the patients with ADHD was 7.97 ± 1.56 and in the control group was 6.486 ± 1.4years.The results showed that the mean level of vitamin D in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (98.8 ± 26.514), while the mean in healthy children (3636163636) which there was statistically significant (P ≥ 0.001) between two groups. The average level of vitamin D in ADHD subtypes and ADHD severity was different, but there was no significant (p≤0.05) difference between the mean serum levels in patients with severity and type of hyperactivity.ConclusionThe results of this study showed that the level of vitamin D in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is especially mild and severe, with a lower average, and also a low level of vitamin D intake. So, considering maternal nutrition during pregnancy and lactation, child nutrition, parent awareness and the use of vitamin D supplements may be effective in reducing the risk of hyperactivity disorder in children.Keywords: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder_serum vitamin D levels_children
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ObjectivesThe aim of this randomized clinical trial was to assess the efficacy of memantine versus methylphenidate in the treatment of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.MethodForty participants (34 boys and 6 girls) aged 6-11 who were diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder based on (DSM-IV-TR) criteria were selected for this study. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups: group one (n = 22) received memantine and the other group (n = 18) received methylphenidate for six weeks. Treatment outcomes were assessed using the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Rating Scale and Clinical Global Impression- Severity Scale administered at baseline and at weeks 3 and 6 following the treatment. Also, a two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (time- treatment interaction) was used.ResultsAt 6 weeks, methylphenidate produced a significantly better outcome on the Parent Rating Scale scores and Clinical Global Impression- Severity than memantine. Side effects were observed more often in the memantine group. However, with respect to the frequency of side effects, the difference between the memantine and methylphenidate groups was not significant. The most common side effects associated with memantine are appetite suppression, headache, vomiting, nausea and fatigue.ConclusionThe results of this study revealed that although memantine was less effective than methylphenidate in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, it may be considered as an alternative treatment.
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