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In this research, we synthesized nitrogen-doped carbon dots using three isomers of phenylenediamine (o-PDA, m-PDA, and p-PDA) as nitrogen sources and citric acid as the carbon source. We selected these isomers to study their effect on surface chemistry and optical characteristics. The carbon dots produced contain nitrogen, carboxyl, and hydroxyl groups that interact with the environment and exhibit a change in emission based on the surroundings. Our team conducted an in-depth analysis of the fluorescence emissions exhibited by carbon dots. The study involved examining the behavior of these particles in solvents with varying degrees of polarity, ranging from weakly polar CHCl3 to strongly polar protic water and a binary mixture of H2O-Acetone. The results of the study provide valuable insights that could contribute to advancing our understanding of carbon dots properties. Interestingly, with increasing the water content of organic solvents, the carbon dots changed their fluorescence color from blue to green. We utilized the Lippert-Mataga plot to exhibit a direct correlation between polarity and carbon dots emission wavelength, which demonstrated a positive linear trend as the polarity was increased. The slope for the three isomers was ∆µ=38959, 42115, 2346.5 for O-CD, M-CD and P-CD, respectively. Our results confirm that the polarity of CDs in ground state is less than exited state (μg < μex). This study helps us understand the solvent-dependent behavior of nitrogen-doped carbon dots, particularly their solvent polarity characteristics. We also analyzed the optical properties of M-CD and found a linear response to the polarity and water content of the organic solvent, which suggests the possibility of M-CD as a humidity sensor for detecting water in organic solvents.

Taking an industrial standpoint, the recognition of Fe(III) as a heavy metal ion can exert a profound impact on the industry. In this research, we synthesized carbon dots from a novel and local green source by hydrothermal method. Afterwards, characterization tests, like dynamic light scattering, zeta potential sizer, atomic force microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, elemental analysis, and transmission electron microscopy have been done. After investigation of physicochemical properties, the proposed novel nanobiosensor based on multicolor carbon dots can detect Fe(III) with ultra-low detection limit compared with other studies. The designed nanobiosensor does not identify other ions, confirming its detection specificity. Besides, this nanobiosensor can detect Fe(III) ion in two different conditions, tap water and cysteine solution as real samples. This accurate and sensitive detection of Fe(III) in different conditions can play an impressive role in industries in the near future.</em>

Cationic acrylic resins with different glass transition temperatures (Tg) and molecular weight (Mw) were synthesized using different ratios of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and tertiary butyl acrylate (TBA) monomers. Furthermore, waterborne acrylic coatings were prepared using the cathodic electrocoating application technique. The cathodic electrocoating process was carried out at 80 V for 120 seconds to obtain a dry film thickness of 20±2 μm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), GPC (molecular weight), glass transition temperature, particle size, zeta potential, and viscosity measurements were used to characterize the synthesized cationic acrylic resin. The throwing power (ability to coat recessed area) and cross-cut adhesion were evaluated for each resin. According to the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) data and general properties, the coatings with an MMA/TBA ratio of 0.125 exhibited excellent corrosion resistance (Log |Z|0.01Hz stay above seven even after 720 hours dipping in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution). By increasing the MMA/TBA ratio, the final product's average molecular weight and viscosity were increased.

Today, in near-to-nature forestry, biodiversity conservation, with emphasis on forests conservation, as a valuable genetic resource, has received much attention. Deadwood, as a habitat, plays a key role in diversity and abundance of saproxylic fungi in forest ecosystems. The uncontrolled exploitation, and the management programs applied in forests, have significantly reduced the deadwood volumes and diversity, jeopardizing diversity and abundance of saproxylic fungi. In this study, 29 saproxylic fungal species belonging to 15 families from the phylum Basidiomycota were collected from Asalem forest, Guilan province, northern Iran. The recovered species were identified based upon their morphological characters, using available identification keys. The results showed that the family Polyporaceae (31%) and the species Trametes versicolor (18.4%) have the highest abundance between other families and identified species, respectively. The importance of saproxylic fungi, introduction of deadwood, as a habitat and a key factor in biodiversity of saproxylic fungi in forest ecosystems, have also been discussed.

Saliva is one of the most important body fluids. The lack of this fluid has many outcomes for the patient. The aim of the present study was to detect objective and subjective dry mouth in individuals with no oro-dental complications in Shiraz, Iran and compare these factors to depression level, medication intake and level of education. 

In the present descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at Shiraz Dental School in 2018, 450 samples were selected from the Patients' companions referred to Shiraz Dental School over 18 years. In the present study, the Fox questionnaire was used to mentally assess dry mouth (zerostomia) and the Zong self-assessment scale was used to assess depression. Spitting method was used to evaluate the amount of stimulated and unstimulated saliva (objective dry mouth or hyposalivation). When saliva was less than 0.1 g/min, objective dry mouth was stimulated and when saliva was less than 0.7g/min, objective dry mouth was considered non-irritating. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and chi-square test.

In the present study, 399 patients (118 males, 280 females) were studied. Dry mouth (zerostomia) was found in 46% of the population. However, 18.5% had non-stimulated objective dry mouth and 12.3% had objectively stimulated dry mouth. Patients aged 30 to 45 years suffered more from mental and objective dry mouth compared to other age groups (p=0.048 and p=0.032). Depression, use of antihypertensive and antidiabetic drugs and low level of education were significantly associated with objective dry mouth (p<0.01, p<0.01 and p=0.038).

Mental dry mouth can occur apart from objective dry mouth. Correspondingly, dry mouth as an objective and mental symptom can be seen not only in the elderly but similarly in the young peoples. Physicians and dentists must deal with the factors that cause this complication, such as; depression, medications, and education levels as a disabling and destructive condition that affects all age groups.

Assessing the common oral lesions and their prevalence is important in different populations. This study assessed the prevalence of oral vascular lesions in patients referred to the Oral Medicine Department of Shiraz Dental School.  

In this cross-sectional study which was conducted in Shiraz Dental School, records of patients admitted from 2001 to 2017 were reviewed. A total of 176 patients had been diagnosed with oral vascular lesions. The mean age and gender of patients and the prevalence of vascular lesions were recorded and analyzed. Associations between the variables were explored using the Chi-square test and Kruskal-Wallis test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

  A total of 176 patients had oral vascular lesions among 3,896 clinical patient records during the 16-year period (2001-2017). Of the 176 patients, 108 (61.4%) were females and 68 (38.6%) were males. The mean age at presentation was 36 ±4.5 years with an overall age range of 4-88 years. Amongst all the evaluated oral lesions, the most prevalent vascular lesion was pyogenic granuloma with 124 (3.18%) patients. Other vascular lesions were vascular malformations (n=27, 0.7%), hemangioma (n=19, 0.49%), and lymphangioma (n=6, 0.15%). There was no significant correlation between gender with vascular lesions (P=0.078) or location of lesions (P=0.143). No significant correlation was found between age with type of vascular lesion (P=0.174) or site of involvement (P=0.281).

  Among oral vascular lesions, pyogenic granuloma was found to be the most prevalent lesion in the oral cavity.

Organic coatings are the single most widely applied materials to protect metallic substrates against corrosion. Therefore, coating researchers need to understand how a coating can guarantee protective performance during service life. This study it is tried to find how adhesion durability can affect the protective performance of a coating. An epoxy resin (Araldite GY 783) was cured with a mixture of two types of hardeners (a polyether polyamine and a cycloaliphatic polyamine) in four different mixing ratios (i.e. 20–80, 50–50, 70–30, 90–10) to achieve various adhesion behaviors, water permeability, and viscoelastic properties. Samples were exposed to humidity in the testing chamber for 300 days and adhesion was measured at wet and dry conditions over time. After drying, adhesion loss and recovery were evaluated by a pull-off test. The electrochemical behavior of coatings was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). A series of impedance spectra of coatings during exposure to humidity were recorded and their protective properties were compared. The results showed a correlation between protective properties and viscoelastic behavior of coatings. It was found that a sample with a cycloaliphatic hardener has a higher elastic modulus (1275 MPa) and a sample with a polyether polyamine hardener has a lower elastic modulus (465 MPa). Additionally, it was found that a sample with excellent initial protective properties (|Z| =1010 Ω cm2), higher elastic modulus, and low initial water permeability (0.308 g/m2hr) may quickly fail because of the adhesion failure after wet cycles.

In this study, a heat resistant coating with thermal barrier property was  designed. Two types of silicone resin (based on methoxy methyl polysiloxane and methyl phenyl silicone resin) were used as thermal resistant binders, and the black iron oxide pigment and glass micro hollow sphere (MHS) additive were utilized to formulate the heat resistant/thermal barrier coatings. Coatings were applied to the steel substrates, and general properties of the coatings such as film formation, curing, and adhesion were then studied. The thermal stability of the coatings was evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis up to 450 °C. The thermal conductivity coefficient of the coatings was measured by temperature modulated differential scanning colorimeter (TMDSC). Investigation of the properties of all coatings showed that the silicone coating with the 7% of hollow microsphere had higher thermal stability (Tmaximum weight loss= 538 °C) and better barrier properties (Thermal conductivity= 0.29 W/mK (compared with other coatings.

The growth and expansion of the Internet has changed the way information is accessed and many facilities have been created on the Web to facilitate and expedite information locating.

To identify the impact of keyword documentation using the medical thesaurus on the retrieval of articles from Proquest and Science Direct databases.

The present study was conducted in a semi experimental manner. In order to measure the relevance of the search results, the use of free language keywords and documented keywords with the medical thesaurus was reviewed and evaluated by students of Guilan University of Medical Sciences and researchers.

The level of information retrieved for free language keywords was with a value of 56.86 and more than standardized keywords with a value of 39.50 in the ProQuest database. The amount of information retrieved for free language keywords is 41.81 and above the standardized keywords with 39.69 in the Science Database. The comprehensiveness of the retrieved information for free language keywords is 34.79 and higher than standardized keywords with a value of 10.31 in the Proquest database. The comprehensiveness of information retrieved for free language keywords is 26.55 and more than standardized keywords with a value of 75.55 in the Science Database. Based on the results, the significance level of the test for both Proquest and Science Direct Directory databases is 0.403 and 0.548, respectively, according to the free and standardized language in Proquest and Science directories databases, respectively.

Documentation of the keywords in the ProQuest database did not have a significant effect on the accuracy of information retrieved. It was also the case for Science Direct Database. Documentation of the keywords in the ProQuest database had no significant effect on the comprehensiveness of the retrieved information. Documentation of the keywords in ProQuestand Science Direct Directory had no effect on the retrieval rate of the articles, either.

This experiment was designed to study the effects of feeding diets containing different levels of yucca extract and antibiotic on growth performance, blood parameters, immune system and ascites index. Three hundred and twelve, one-day old broiler chicks (Arian) were used in a completely randomized design with four treatments, consisting of three replications and 26 (male & female) chicks per pen. The treatments consisted of control (without supplementation), Yucca schidigera extract at 150 and 225 mg/kg, and virginiamycin at 15 mg/kg up to six weeks of age. Significant differences were found for feed intake, feed efficiency, and body weight gain in the studied treatments (p < 0.01). Immune responses, expressed as a primary and secondary antibody response to SRBC, were affected by treatments (p < 0.01). Treatment groups did not affect the weights of organs (p < 0.05). Effects of treatments on cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL and LDL levels, at 35 days of age, were significant on the parameters evaluated in different experimental groups (p < 0.01). The trends observed indicate that Yucca schidigera extract could have beneficial effects on broiler chicks performance.

Background and

Traditional medicine has been a part of the culture and of the public health system. The Kermanshah province is rich in species and medicinal herbs. Numerous traditional markets that offer local herbs and spices indicate the interest of the people of this land in the herbs. Therefore, this study investigates professional features and knowledge of medicinal plants suppliers in the city of Kermanshah in 2012.

Methods used according to its purpose are a descriptive survey. The population for this study comprised of all distributors of medicinal plants in the city of Kermanshah, which were 24 units. In order to build up collect data, the set of documents to the questionnaire was designed. First questionnaire was approved by the relevant experts and a pilot study with a choice of 10 Attar, outside the scope of this research, to evaluate the reliability of measuring instruments. Cronbach's alpha of the necessary changes, (α=0.87) was obtained to indicate the reliability of the survey instrument.

The results of this study showed that 79.2%) have the average level of knowledge in the field of medicinal plants and 45.9% of them have college degrees. The results indicate that the (88%) of the company's suppliers of medicinal herbs attended in training classes. The most sold plants were borage, cinnamon, turmeric, ginger, peppermint, chamomile, chicory. Many buyers use them for treatment of illness such as Gastrointestinal, neurological, psychological, and cold.

We recommend with regard to the city's field of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Production at Kermanshah University, apply herbs shall be licensed to experts in this field and by relevant institutions; training courses are also will be organized for other suppliers. Also, the University of Pharmacology supervises and inspects their activities.