فهرست مطالب zahra jahangiri

brain behavioral systems are related to avoidance and approach behavior. In the model of frontal asymmetry, Davidson introduced avoidance and approach systems. The aim of this study was to investigate The effect of affect induction on frontal and posterior asymmetry of alpha brain waves in individuals with high and low behavioral activation/inhibition systems.

In this regard, 300 non-disordered adults self-reported behavioral inhibition/activation systems questionnaire. After that, based on the Z scores in BAS/BIS scale, four groups (n=28, n=7 in each group) were selected. Quantitative electroencephalography was recorded for each individual in baseline, positive and negative affect induction. Absolute power of alpha waves in four regions and frontal and posterior asymmetries were calculated for each individual. Paired t-test and repeated Measures ANOVA were performed for statistical analysis.

In baseline condition, the high inhibition group showed frontal asymmetry (greater arousal in the F4 region) at the level of P =0.04. In terms of pleasant affect induction, the high and low activation groups showed frontal asymmetry at the level of P <0.01 (more arousal in F3 region). In terms of negative affect induction, the high inhibition group showed frontal asymmetry at the level of P =0.001 (more arousal in the F4 region), and the low activation group showed posterior asymmetry at the level of P = 0.002 (more arousal in the O2 region).

The findings confirm the Gray theory and Davidson model for the frontal asymmetry. Type of induced affect and personality differences Leads to different patterns of asymmetry.

It was argued that the major systems of the human brain influence behavior and cause personality differences among individuals. The behavioral inhibition system (BIS) and behavioral activation system (BAS) are related to avoidance and approach behaviors. In the previous decade, it was assumed that individual differences in these systems could lead to a broad spectrum of psychological disorders. For instance, it was asserted that reducing the experience, such as anxiety and failure to provide a proper response to threatening conditions, will result in low behavioral inhibition and a normal behavioral activation system. In contrast, high behavioral activation and normal behavioral inhibition system results in intensive impulsivity and anxiety. Such findings suggest that the study of high and low behavioral activation/inhibition may assist us in gaining a better grasp of the processes that underpin emotional responses. This study compared emotion regulation strategies in students with high and low behavioral inhibition/activation systems.

The present study was a causal –comparative study. The statistical population consisted of 20 –35 years old students of Tehran University, Tehran City, Iran, who were studying in the academic year 2020 –2021. In the first stage, 320 students from 5 faculties were selected by cluster random sampling, and two questionnaires on behavioral inhibition/activation systems (Carver and White, 1994) and Emotion Regulation Strategies (Garnefski, Kraaij & Spinhoven, 2001) were distributed among them. The Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire is composed of 9 conceptually distinct subscales. The BIS/BAS scale includes 24 items and 4 scales, in which 7 items were concerned with BIS and 13 with BAS. Four items of this scale were neutral. The incomplete questionnaires and the questionnaires of students with a history of referring to a psychiatrist or taking psychiatric medicines were excluded.
Ultimately, according to the inclusion criteria, 260 students were selected. Also, 32.3% (n=85) of the primary sample (n=260) were male, and 67.3% (n=175) were females. Students' raw scores were converted to Z scores. Based on the Z scores, 4 groups were selected by targeted sampling in the behavioral inhibition/activation systems questionnaire (n=72, each group was 18 people). Individuals with a standard Z score on the Behavioral Activation Scale above 1.5 and whose standard Z score on the Behavioral Inhibition Scale was less than 0.5 were chosen as the high behavioral activation group. Individuals were selected as the high behavioral inhibition group whose standard Z score on the behavioral inhibition scale was above 1.5, and their standard Z score on the behavioral activation scale was less than 0.5. Individuals were selected as the low behavioral activation group whose standard Z score on the behavioral activation scale was below –1.5 and their standard Z score on the behavioral inhibition scale was more than –0.5. Individuals were selected as the low behavioral inhibition group whose standard Z score on the behavioral inhibition scale was below –1.5 and their standard Z score on the behavioral activation scale was more than –0.5. Multivariate analysis of variance compared 4 groups in 9 emotion regulation strategies at a significance level 0.05 using SPSS software version 24.

The multivariate analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc tests were employed to clarify differences between groups. Results showed significant differences between the groups in 5 strategies: acceptance (F3,65=2.78, p=0.048, ηр²=0.11), rumination (F3,65=3.98, p=0.011, ηр²=0.15), reappraisal (F3, 65=4.07, p=0.010, ηр²=0.15), catastrophizing (F3,65=7.67, p=0.000, ηр²=0.26), and blaming others (F3,65=5.70, p=0.002, ηр²=0.20). To understand which group shows significant differences, the Tukey post hoc test was done for 5 emotion regulation strategies: acceptance (HBIS>HBAS, p=0.037), rumination (HBIS>LBIS, p=0.007), reappraisal (LBIS>HBIS, p=0.012), catastrophizing (HBAS>LBIS, p=0.006), (HBIS>LBIS, p<0.001), and blaming others (HBAS>LBIS, p=0.014), (HBIS>LBIS, p=0.001). According to the results, the high behavioral inhibition group used the rumination strategy significantly more often than the low behavioral inhibition group. Regarding the acceptance strategy, the high behavioral inhibition group used this strategy significantly more often than the high behavioral activation system. We argued that findings about acceptance are contradictory. Acceptance might be adaptive in certain situations and might depend on the type of the studied mood. Also, the low behavioral inhibition group used the reappraisal strategy more often than the high behavioral inhibition group. Besides, the three groups had a significant difference in catastrophizing and blaming others strategies. Results indicated that high behavioral activation and high behavioral inhibition groups used the catastrophizing and blaming others strategy significantly more often than the low behavioral inhibition group.

The study findings suggest that high and low behavioral inhibition/activation systems play an important role in selecting emotion regulation strategies. The type of emotion regulation strategies is appropriate to the personality traits that dominate the individual and can be considered a factor in emotional dysregulation.

Carbide free bainitic steel, so called supper bainitic or nano-structured bainitic steel has attracted considerable attentions due to its remarkable combination of strength and ductility. Unfortunately, the effect of prior austenite grain size has not been investigated for the low carbon nano-structured bainitic steels. In this research, attempts were made to understand the effect of prior austenite grain size effect on the microstructure of carbide free medium carbon bainitic steel. The steel was cast by using induction furnace under argon gas atmosphere. The ingot was electro-slag-remelted (ESR) to obtain clean steel followed by hot rolling.

  Iron deficiency is one of the most common nutritional problems during pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to assess the theory of planned behavior structures on nutritional prophylactic treatment of anemia in pregnant women of Arak city in 2018. This is a cross-sectional study that was carried out on 199 pregnant women in Arak city using simple random sampling in 2018. The data were gathered with valid and reliable researcher-made questionnaire including demographic information and the theory of planned behavior structures. The study was conducted to determine the most important predictive constructs of pregnant womens’ behavior using a multivariate linear regression model.
Findings: The finding showed that mean age of mothers was 28.81 ± 5.1 years and the mean weekly gestation was 28.04 ± 8.9 weeks and the gestational interval with previous pregnancy was 5.18 ± 3.9 years. Mean±standard deviation of attitude score (3.61 ± 0.62), subjective norm (3.60 ± 0.74), perceived behavior control (3.50 ± 0.58), behavioral intention (3.49 ± 0.61), performance (3.55 ± 0.76) and awareness (0.57±0.2) were observed. Linear regression model showed that the performance score of pregnant women improved for each unit of attitude and subjective norms and perceived behavioral control, respectively, by 0.463, 0.343 and 0.347, respectively. The results emphasize the provision of educational programs on the prevention of anemia in pregnant women with an emphasis on attitudinal structures, mental norm, and perceived behavioral control. It is suggested that at the time of designing interventions to improve the prevention of anemia in pregnancy, the structures of the theory of planned behavior should be considered

Cerebral palsy is a common cause of inability in childhood that effects on posture and motor development and leads in activity limitation. One of the difficulty of cerebral palsy is impairment in arm and hand function. Splints and orthosis are used to improve position, range of motion and hand function. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of static anti-pronation splint on spasticity, range of motion, grip and pinch strength and function of affected hand of spastic hemiplegic children of 8-12 years old.
This is an interventional study. Twenty spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy children with 8 to 12 years old were selected through students who studied in physical disabled schools in Tehran city and had the inclusion criteria. Patients randomly divided into intervention and control group. Patients in intervention group used a static anti-pronation splint for two months, 6 hours daily. In this study the Jebsen Taylor test was used to evaluate hand function, the Modified Ashworth Scale was used to assess spasticity of wrist, forearm and elbow, ROM of wrist, forearm and elbow were measured with goniometer and grip and pinch strength were evaluated with MIE.
Results in intervention group showed a significant improvement in hand function (p0.05).
Information from present research shows that using static anti-pronation splint for 2 months ,6 hours a day, can be an effective method to improve hand function, wrist and forearm spasticity and range of motion, strength of grip and pinch in hemiplegic CP children.

This article studies the problem of social and psychological security of neighborhood, emphasizing its prestige level. According to the exploratory model, the prestige level of neighborhoods in its objective and subjective dimensions (sides) influences the feeling of security through the homogeneity and the feeling of belonging and the stability of inhabitants and their particular life style. In order to study this model experimentally, we gathered a sample of 270 householders in different parts of Tehran through systematic sampling and examined the analytic model using quantitative approach and survey methods. The results showed that a neighborhoodcan provide the feeling of security for the inhabitants in a considerable measure, either in direct mode or through subjective and objective homogeneity, the feeling of belonging and stability and different life styles of its inhabitants.

The ability to access, evaluate and use information in each profession is one of the most effective materials of individual success. Accessing updated medical information is vital for physicians (1-5). In a descriptive cross sectional study performed in Bandar Abbas, the capital city of Hormozgan province in the southern part of Iran. Data the internet and computer usage was examined among medical students. All of the medical students were included in our study. Students who didn’t agree to participate in our study were excluded. Data was collected using a questionnaire that contained demographic information and 21 questions regarding internet and computer usage. The usage of internet, word, powerpoint, excel, outlook and access was assessed by multiple choice question (always, often, sometimes, never). Each answer received 0 to 3 points and for each student the summed score was assumed. The data was entered in SPSS 13 software and the descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. Out of 118 students, 88 (74.5%) were female. Among all of them, 83% had personal computer (PC) and 80.5% used internet sometimes or never. Their internet usage was less than an hour in each day in 43.2% of the students and 18.6% of them never used internet. The most visited websites were entertainment (49%), Email (45.8%) and medical websites (44.8%). Among all the students, 41.9% were using internet in their home and university and 40.2% were using internet only in university. Also 17.9% of the medical students stated that the computer classes aren’t useful. About 36.8% of the students evaluated it as slightly useful and 43.6% of them reported that the equipment of internet centers of the university were well. About 68.3% reported that these equipments aren’t enough in the dormitory. Students frequently reported shortages in the number of the computers in the centers (62.7%). Most of the shortage of the facilities of the university was the speed of the internet (42.5%) and the number of the educational classes (40.7%). There was no statistically significant relationship between age and sex and the internet usage among medical students. However students who had a personal computer (PC) used the internet more frequently (P<0.05). Although the internet and computer software are introduced to the medical students in an acceptable level, the usage of the internet among them was low. Also they used internet mostly for entertainment websites and Email. Medical information resources were in the next rank. Most students used the internet in the university, thus it is highly recommended to increase the number of the computers in the internet center and to hold educational classes to teach them ways to use medical database information.