fuzzy delphi method

Creative tourism has emerged to provide a unique experience by actively engaging tourists within their surroundings and transforming traditional tourism offerings. Due to a scarcity of related research, this article sought to explore the application of this innovative approach to tourism at heritage sites and identify the key factors contributing to its development. To achieve this objective, the fuzzy Delphi method was employed, relying on the qualitative consensus of expert opinions. Ultimately, 29 indicators were identified and organized into 10 criteria: heritage diversity, environmental education, co-creation, spatial creativity, safety and security, inviting environment, permeability and access, inclusiveness, participation and partnership, and recovery and promotion. Additionally, 3 components—creative experience, tourism infrastructure, and capacities—were highlighted. By considering these components and their subsets, a co-creative relationship could be fostered among tourists, local communities, tourism service providers, and the rich heritage tourism landscape, resulting in a distinctive and enriching experience.

There are many indicators and criteria in the effectiveness of skill training so that the trained person can enter the labor. These indicators and sub-indices should have an operational aspect and be weighted and ranked based on modern methods. The purpose of this study is to identify the weight and the rank of these criteria so they can be used in codification and evaluation of educational and skill models. The statistical population of the research consists of 7 managers and administrators of industrial companies, school managers of skills training and experts in the field of developing training courses, technical courses. These people reviewed the research works and interviews at the first place. The indicators and criteria of the research have been identified with experts. Then, using Fuzzy Delphi method, 5 main indicators and 12 sub-indicators have been approved, and at the end, with the fuzzy best -worst method, the ranking of indicators and sub-indicators were calculated. The results show that the criterion of education alignment with employment status is the most important and main indicator. Also, the criterion of participation of business owners in curriculum planning is the most important sub-indicator of the effectiveness of skill training.

Job rotation is considered as a method to develop human resources in the organization to increase productivity and an opportunity to improve performance in the organization. One of the solutions offered to increase the productivity of human resources in the development of the organization's goals is the implementation of the job rotation plan. The purpose of this research is to identify the effective components of job turnover and determine the relative importance of these factors for designing a job turnover model. Using the research background, 42 components affecting job turnover were extracted and categorized into 4 dimensions: job records, general capabilities, behavioral competencies, and managerial competencies. In order to refine and evaluate the appropriateness of the extracted factors with the actual contexts and conditions of job turnover, the fuzzy Delphi method was used with a survey of 22 selected experts, and as a result, 32 components were identified in 4 dimensions. Then, the relative importance of each of the components and indicators affecting job turnover was determined based on the network analysis method (ANP). In this regard, the characteristics of job records were identified as the most important dimension affecting job turnover, and after that, the dimensions of behavioral competencies, managerial competencies, and general capabilities were ranked second, third, and fourth in importance, respectively. At the end, by using the priority weights of job rotation success factors, a job rotation implementation model was presented

This research examines the impact of key monetary and non-monetary variables on industrial investment in Iran's housing sector using the fuzzy Delphi method. The primary goal of this study is to identify and prioritize factors that significantly influence the attraction of industrial investment in the housing sector. To achieve this, a questionnaire containing 15 indicators affecting the investment was prepared, and expert opinions were collected through three rounds of Delphi analysis. The results showed that among the monetary factors, inflation rate, exchange rate fluctuations, land price growth, and the growth rate of construction material prices have the greatest impact on costs and profitability of investment in the housing sector. Additionally, among the non-monetary factors, housing demand and supply, population growth, regulatory policies, and economic sanctions were identified as the main factors influencing investment decisions. The analysis suggests that policymakers should focus on strengthening monetary policies, improving access to financial resources, and reducing exchange rate fluctuations. Moreover, facilitating administrative regulations and enhancing regulatory policies are essential for attracting more industrial investments in the housing sector. This research emphasizes that a combination of monetary and non-monetary policies can create the necessary conditions for the development of the housing sector and contribute to the improvement of Iran's economic growth. The proposed recommendations, based on a thorough analysis of key factors, provide useful a tool for economic decision-makers to enhance the investment climate in the housing sector.

The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive framework of effective anti-fraud and financial corruption criteria in public and private sector with emphasia on the fraud triangle.In order to achieve the purpose of the study, by studying the literature and the background of the, a set of effective factors were extracted in the framework of anti-fraud and financial corruption. Then, by implementing the fuzzy Delphi method, we identified the most important influencing factors in this framework, which is based on 29 criteria and 159 sub-criteria. In the next step, after the finalization of the framework, by using the best-worst approach, the main dimensions and criteria of the framework were prioritized.The results of the fuzzy Delphi method show that 141 sub-criteria were confirmed out of a total of 159 sub-criteria . Also, the results of ranking the main dimensions and criteria using the best-worst method in this study show that the most important dimensions of the fraud triangle are "opportunity", "justification" and "motivation" respectively.The results of the research help regulatory organizations to develop integrated anti-corruption laws for companies by industry. Also, companies should strengthen the most important anti- fraud and corruption, criteria such as; environmental factors, corporate governance, motivational methods, implementation of laws and regulations, transparency and disclosure, risk management, information and communication technology, interaction of organizations with each other, business partners, attitude and way of thinking of managers, whistleblowing, and human resources procedures in the dimensions of the fraud triangle.

The main goal of this research was to present a model of green governance with a sustainable development approach based on the fuzzy Delphi technique, which is considered mixed research in terms of its practical purpose and based on the method of data collection. The qualitative part included 12 experts who were selected by purposeful sampling. In the qualitative part, fuzzy Delphi technique was used to examine the most important components and indicators. The sample of the quantitative part was the experts and managers of hospitals in Kerman, who were selected as a sample of 384 people using Cochran's formula and by simple random method. The tool for collecting data in the qualitative part was a semi-structured interview, and in the quantitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire based on the qualitative part. Data analysis was done in the qualitative part by inductive content analysis using MaxQDA software and in the quantitative part using AMOS software. The final results of the research showed that the environmental, governance and social dimensions are the most important bases for green governance in the health system. The environmental dimension includes the components of renewable energy, reducing resources, environmentally friendly products, natural losses, greenhouse gas emissions, and pollution and waste. The social dimension includes health and safety components, social and political partnerships, human rights, human resource management, patient satisfaction and community relations. Also, the governance dimension includes the components of shareholder rights, corporate governance, risk and opportunity management, and ethics in business.

Aim and

In order to survive, create a competitive advantage, increase efficiency, achieve organizational goals, organizations need human resource planning within the human resource management system. Manpower in organizations is considered as human capital and the most important infrastructure and is the main source of competitive advantage, creativity, innovation, productivity, effectiveness and development and transformation and for reasons such as scarcity, irreplaceability and imitation and process impact on other variables and Extra-organizational is the most valuable and strategic asset of the organization. The main purpose of this study was to provide a model for reducing manpower planning inadequacies in the Social Security Organization.

This research is mixed in terms of applied purpose, in terms of nature, exploratory and based on the method of data collection. The participants of the quality section were 23 experts who were selected by purposive sampling. Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews and the data were analyzed using content analysis method. The validity and reliability of the data were assessed through aptitude test. In the quantitative part, the data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire and was analyzed in two stages of fuzzy Delphi survey. Cronbach's alpha was estimated to be 783% and Demitel method was used to fit the extracted pattern. The statistical population at this stage was the resource staff of the Social Security Organization, which was determined using Morgan's table of 364 people and the sample was selected by simple random sampling.

Findings indicated that the organization's human resource planning system faces 19 main problems, which are the indicators of lack of proper planning model, improper implementation of human resource planning, lack of monitoring, control and feedback (performance evaluation - effectiveness), human resource planning, lack of adequate support. Human resource planning, lack of prioritization of the organization's human resource planning, short-term view and elimination of the task of planning were among the most important problems and shortcomings of the organization's human resource planning system. The results show that the extractive components of the research model are community-approved. Also, 14 factors affecting the problems of the human resource planning system were identified, including factors such as managerial instability; Rental and political selection of managers; The desire to maintain the status quo; Lack of specialized and efficient planning managers; Changes in government, political, cultural, economic, and technological laws were among the most important factors influencing the problems of the organization's human resource planning system. Finally, 14 strategies were identified to overcome the problems of the human resource planning system, which are solutions to design an appropriate HR planning model; Understand and support senior planning management; Integrated human resource planning system; Managerial stability and non-political appointments; Improving, implementing and properly implementing the monitoring and performance evaluation system were among the most important solutions to overcome the problems of the human resources planning system of the Social Security Organization. The Social Security Organization can do the necessary planning to reduce the problems of the human resource planning system by identifying the shortcomings, the factors affecting it and the solutions presented in this study.Discussion and

The human resource planning system of the Social Security Organization, as one of the factors for the survival and prosperity of the organization, has a key role in achieving its goals and the findings of this study provide operational implications in improving the organizational performance of the Social Security Organization. The Social Security Organization can do the necessary planning to reduce the problems of its human resource planning system by considering the identified problems, the factors affecting it and the solutions presented in this research.

This study aims to present the optimal model of the Tourism Value Chain in Yazd Destination, which enables improvement of the current status of tourism development in YD. The literature review identified 67 key factors affecting the TVC. These factors were studied using the Fuzzy Delphi Method. This research is descriptive regarding the purpose and practical regarding the results. The experts’ opinions, who are familiar with the research field, have been used to collect data. The method of sampling was purposeful. According to the results of this research, 54 factors were confirmed by the experts. As well, "positive and negative economic, socio-cultural and environmental effects" and "destination management organization" were added and confirmed. According to the results of the research, it is suggested that the tourism destination management organization of Yazd Province should be formed regarding the role-playing of all the stakeholders of the tourism development of the province, achieving the desired outputs, maximizing the satisfaction of tourists and positive economic, social-cultural and environmental effects and minimizing negative effects. Also, the offered optimal model should be used as a framework and a method for analyzing and synthesizing the formation processes of the tourism experience and identifying opportunities to increase value through positive actions or removing obstacles or limitations.

The ever-increasing growth of technology and globalization have caused the special attention of planners and policymakers to review the role of the university institution as one of the most important scientific institutions of Iran, in order to create transformation and achieve development goals, especially in developing countries. Therefore, the governance system of many countries tries to establish a purposeful connection between the higher education system and the goals of development management in these countries. The current research has been done with the aim of identifying and prioritizing the antecedents and consequences of the university institution's role-playing in the framework of collaborative governance. This research is a type of mixed research with a qualitative and quantitative approach, which is practical in terms of purpose and exploratory in terms of nature and method. The research participants are 16 academic experts from 13 top universities who were selected based on the principle of theoretical adequacy and using the purposeful and snowball sampling method. In the qualitative part, semi-structured interview and thematic analysis method were used to collect information, and “Guba” and “Lincoln” four criteria were used to verify the data, and using the fuzzy Delphi method, the antecedents and consequences of the role-playing of the university institution were prioritized. The results showed that demand-oriented university services and scientific research management through the network of industry and university experts are considered as the most important antecedents of university performance. Also, research-oriented policymaking and division of universities to solve related regional and geographical issues, creation of decision-making chairs in addition to scientific and research chairs are also among the most important consequences of the role-making of the university institution in the framework of collaborative governance.

The statistics, although different, indicate the fact that a significant number of the country's economic units with large capitals are stagnant or semi-active for various reasons. Stagnation of companies has destructive effects, such as increasing financial debt and creating tax, insurance and bank arrears, adjustment and unemployment of human resources, reducing the value and credibility of the company, reducing the value of the company's brand, intensifying the dispute between partners, and legalizing issues. The company's assets will be acquired by non-specialists and... The existence of stagnant enterprises in Isfahan province is also a problem like in other provinces of the country, it should be noted that there is no comprehensive and local model in the field of revitalizing stagnant economic enterprises, so the issue should be Therefore, this research seeks to investigate the financial methods of reviving the stagnant and semi-active industrial and mining units of the province. In line with the financial methods of revival, the ranking of new methods of revival was done using the opinions of 105 beneficiaries of stagnant companies and 237 experts in the field of financing. Based on the results of the model based on the output of Export Choices software. In twenty groups, the priority of the methods was obtained, based on which the three priority methods for the revival of stagnant and semi-active companies in Isfahan province are: 1- Equipment and reconstruction, ownership, and 2- Exploitation, construction, exploitation, paying rent to investors and Transfer and 3- Mutual sale

The aim of this research is to identify the consequences of using social media in the organizational environment. In terms of practical purpose, the current research is of mixed exploratory approach. The statistical population of the research in metacomposite method is a collection of related articles and studies in the field of information technology, social media entrepreneurship and related concepts. The statistical population of the research in the quantitative stage includes a group of experts from Babana data processing companies, Royan cord blood bank, Snap online supermarket, and DJP company. Library studies and interviews were used to collect data, and descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze data. In the inferential statistics section, fuzzy Delphi technique was used. Based on the research findings, a total of 4 categories including management, individual, communication and organizational, 14 themes and 36 concepts were identified as suffixes of social media in internal organizational environments. Therefore, considering the positive effects of using social media in internal organizational environments, the studied companies should emphasize the use of these media more than before.

Risk management acts as advanced and preventive internal controls and will reduce possible losses,therefore it plays a key role in audit planning.The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of risk management on the development of government audit using qualitative and quantitative methods in the public sector.To conduct research in the qualitative phase and to answer the research questions from 20 people from risk management and government audit experts and to test the research hypothesis and respond to a 5-choice sample questionnaire of 205 people from government auditors of different levels by sampling method were selected purposefully .From the point of view of the applied goal, this research is descriptive-survey in terms of method and mixed in terms of data type.Finally, in the fuzzy Delphi phase, 20 risk management factors were identified,which were in accordance with international standards. After this stage, a researcher-made 5-choice questionnaire was used to test the hypothesis of the impact of risk management components on the development of government audit. According to experts, the face validity of the questionnaire was higher than 0.7 with Cronbach's alpha coefficient The results of statistical analysis with SPSS 21 statistical software showed that risk management has an effect on the development of government audit, and the type of people's post has an effect on the answers, and finally, the gender of the respondents did not affect the answers.The research results indicate that auditors should pay attention to risk management components during audit planning to improve audit tests.

Environmental pollution resulting from human production and consumption is one of the issues widely recognized by organizations in this field as a threat to humanity. Today, with the increase of customers' awareness of environmental concerns, this issue has become so important that, in recent decades, it has attracted the attention of many scientific and political groups. These growing concerns have caused companies to shift their marketing strategies towards green marketing. Green marketing is a very important tool to attract customers who are environmentally friendly and seek to buy products that are environmentally friendly. Through green marketing, companies gain a competitive advantage over irresponsible companies. Along with the companies that are determined to provide environmentally friendly products and consider this as their duty and social responsibility, there are certain companies that try to deceive customers just by claiming to produce a green product. This issue is a challenge to cope with. In fact, some companies have used methods such as greenwashing to mislead consumers to have the benefits of the claim that they pay attention to environmental issues.
This research is based on a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches under an inductive paradigm. It is applied in terms of purpose and sequential exploratory in terms of nature and method. The statistical population of the study consisted of 25 marketing managers and business management professors selected based on the principle of theoretical adequacy and using a purposive sampling method. In the qualitative section, a semi-structured interview was used to collect the data, and its validity and reliability were confirmed using the CVR coefficient and the Kappa-Cohen test. The data obtained from the interview were analyzed with the Atlas.ti software and a content analysis method. Through coding, the antecedents and consequences of greenwashing were identified. In the quantitative part, the Delphi questionnaire was used to collect the data, the validity and reliability of which were confirmed by content validity testing and retesting. Also, using the fuzzy Delphi method, the prioritization of the antecedents and the greenwashing consequences was done to identify its most important factors and consequences.
The results of the present study consist of qualitative and quantitative findings. In the qualitative part, ten factors were identified as the antecedents and factors that create the brand greenery in the food industry. According to the findings, these factors are include the superficiality and ignorance of the society about green products, increasing profitability, competition pressure on industries, attracting the attention of stakeholders, social media pressure, government rules and regulations, raising the company's reputation, facilitating of entering new and global markets, covering the weaknesses in the green activities, and democratization of managers. The research findings also show that the benefits of brand greenwashing include ten factors. They consist of endangering the entire market, reducing green customer satisfaction, reducing customer trust in green brands, negative word of mouth advertising, elimination from the competition, reducing green buying intentions, customer’s devaluation of the company, negative image in the public mind, decline in the popularity of green products, and the loss of customer loyalty. The findings of the quantitative part of the research include prioritizing brand pre-washing and post-greens. The findings of the quantitative part of the research show that the increase of the company’s profitability and reputation and social media pressure are the most important antecedents or factors that cause brand greenery. Factors such as reduced customer trust in green brands, negative word of mouth advertising and reduced green customer satisfaction are the most important consequences of brand greenery.
Greenwashing gives consumers the feeling that the organization is taking the necessary procedures for responsible environmental management. Increasing competition, resource scarcity, population growth, environmental pollution, the need to produce ecological products and green business activities have forced companies to integrate environmental issues with marketing efforts and strategies. Therefore, one of the topics discussed a lot regarding environmental issues is green marketing. Green marketing seeks to open up a vision for marketing that is environmentally, socially and economically sustainable. In the meantime, some companies have taken measures to reduce the final effects that they can have on the environment. In these measures, companies carry out their activities in the production, distribution, promotion and pricing of products in such a way as to minimize environmental damage and lead consumers to environmentally friendly behavior. Many companies, however, are not able to take these steps to offer environmentally friendly products. On the other hand, they cannot ignore the special benefits of green marketing, so they try to reap the benefits of greenwashing.

The primary requirement for proper management of the country's foreign trade is a deep and systematic understanding of its important and priority issues. The lack of a system of strategic issues has undermined effective policymaking in foreign trade and leads to numerous analyses and interpretations and, of course, the lack of vigorous understanding in the context of the super challenges of this field. Thus, the current research was compiled to specify the strategic issues of foreign trade in the country. For this purpose, at first, the important issues of this field were identified by in-depth document study and unstructured interviews, and thenusing a questionnaire designed using the Delphi technique, the data obtained from 9 experts in this field were analyzed. The results of the research show that there are 21 important issues in the mentioned field, of which 18 issues were chosen as strategic issues.These issues include Weak economic diplomacy, unfavorable currency policy and high fluctuations in exchange rates, Low diversity and high concentration in the import destinations of the country, instability in laws and regulations, high volume of capital outflow, low diversity and high concentration in export goods, the vulnerability of foreign trade against increasing sanctions, low variety, and high concentration in non-oil export destinations, the multiplicity of decision centers and lack of a single custodian institution, crude sales, Long time for customs formalities, logistics and transit problems, lack of proper and continuous marketing, the low value and share of non-oil exports, low level of foreign direct investment, low quality of export products, the weak role of foreign investments in the country in the transfer of technology to the country and non-targeted tariffs.

financial managers are an important element in the success of any organization, whose main responsibility is to supervise the financial affairs and advise on the ideas and perspectives of an organization, therefore, understanding the knowledge and skills they need is very important, and this research aims to provide a compilation and the validation of the tool for measuring the knowledge ability of financial managers of executive bodies has been done.

In terms of the practical purpose of this research, with the help of interviews and questionnaires, the dimensions were first identified, and then the important dimensions and components were determined according to the fuzzy Delphi method, and with the help of the AHP method, the weight of each dimension was determined, then the number of initial questions related to Each dimension was designed and 72 questions were designed by interviewing experts. Then, with the fuzzy Delphi technique, a questionnaire consisting of 53 questions was accepted in two fuzzy stages by obtaining the opinion of 15 financial experts of the country (as a Delphi panel) and was compiled as a tool for measuring the financial knowledge of financial managers of executive bodies. The reliability of the questions was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and validity by referring again to the experts.

In all the indicators extracted from the literature review, the average difference is less than 0.2, so it can be concluded that a sufficient consensus has been reached between the experts. Also, among 72 questions, 53 questions have earned a "good score.

The results have shown that this indigenous and compiled tool can be used to measure the ability of financial knowledge of executive bodies.