knowledge based development

Economic development is considered one of the key yet elusive concepts in the field of economics. Russia has, throughout previous centuries, contemplated the trajectory of its development and has undergone rapid or gradual processes under various temporal challenges. The objective of composing this article is to conduct a multidimensional analysis of economic development in the Russian Federation during 2000-2022, considering the question: "Given the external crises in the past two decades, which facet of Russia's economic development has experienced more pronounced progress?" In response to this question, a hypothesis is posited that the speed of welfare-oriented economic development should receive greater attention from the Russian federal government due to the socio-economic conditions in Russia. In this article, an innovative conceptualization of economic development is undertaken, encompassing three facets: energy-oriented economic development, knowledge-oriented economic development, and welfare-oriented economic development. Utilizing the principal component analysis method and radar chart to analyze the trends of these three facets, the results indicate that both energy and knowledge dimensions of Russia's economic development have shown increasing trends from 2000 to 2022. However, the welfare dimension in the country has experienced a declining trend during this period. Moreover, the highest growth rate in the dimensions of economic development is attributed to the knowledge dimension, with its value escalating from 1.74 in 2000 to over 5.78 in 2022. This significant surge in the knowledge dimension signifies Russia's entry into a knowledge-oriented development over the past two decades. This development, grounded in information and communication technology, has the potential to bring about profound changes that transcend geographical and temporal constraints, bestowing the gifts of development across the geographical expanse of the country. The findings underscore the transformative trajectory of Russia's economy toward knowledge-centric modalities, indicative of a significant evolution in the nation's developmental ethos over the specified period.

The Purpose of this study is to construct a model that identifies the components of the knowledge-based economy in order to promote its development through insights from experts.

This qualitative research employs a thematic analysis approach with a focus on professors, experts, and individuals knowledgeable about the subject. A total of 52 participants were selected using purposeful sampling and data was collected through semi-structured interviews.

Initially, 1,535 codes were extracted, leading to 353 codes in the subsequent stage, and further refined to 42 secondary codes during the central coding phase. Ultimately, nine main codes were derived in the selective coding stage.

Emphasizing the importance of a knowledge-based economy can enhance productivity, foster economic prosperity, and facilitate the creation and growth of knowledge-based enterprises. Such emphasis can also boost competitiveness, innovation, and success in global markets, ultimately leading to improved standards of living and sustainable development.

Value: 

This research offers insight into the role of a knowledge-based economy in driving knowledge-based development within the country.

The development of innovation as one of the engines of economic growth requires its own financing. Appropriate markets, institutions and tools for financing innovative activities in any economy are designed according to the institutional structure of that country. In Iran, bold investment (Venture Capital) can be one of these methods of financing and a tool to direct capital towards the growth and development of entrepreneurship and the launch of knowledge-based companies and startups at different stages of their life cycle.In venture capital, investors invest their funds in funds called VCF, and these funds are provided to entrepreneurs under the supervision of venture capital companies (CVC). The research method will be based on the fundamental conceptualization theory (GT) and the Delphi technique will be used. SPSS and SMARTPLS software will be used for data analysis. The statistical population includes capital market experts, university professors in the field of economics and finance, managers of knowledge-based companies and parliamentarians. Finally, by examining the influencing factors and existing challenges in the form of 24 categories and 184 indicators, we arrive at the final model that shows the influence of the indicators on the development of bold investment in Iran.

This research has been conducted with the aim of identifying the components of knowledge-based development for model design using qualitative research method with the "content analysis or theme" approach. The statistical population of this research are experts who are knowledgeable about the research topic. The sample size was selected using judgmental (targeted) sampling of 84 people. After collecting the data, they were coded and analyzed by using the "Strauss and Corbin" method. The findings contained: the number of initially extracted codes were 3596, which were converted into 102 codes in the next stage and 24 secondary codes in the secondary (central) coding stage, which were converted into 5 main codes in the selective coding stage. The results of this research indicate that five main categories or themes for the development of knowledge base, which are as follows: 1. Knowledge and technology policy category with six components.2. The category of economic factors with three components ,   3. Intelligent development management category with eight components, 4. The category of cultural and social factors with three components and 5. The category of political factors with four components.

Among the various theories of “development”, in the West, “the knowledge-based development” is considered as the ultimate achievement and approach in the subject of development. On the opposite, the society at the era of Appearance of Imam Mahdi (a.s) in the world of Islam is considered as the ultimate goal and destination of the development. The following paper, with descriptive-analytic and comparative method, firstly attempts to review the knowledge-based development with a critical point of view and explains its aspects and then by comparing its relation with the development of the society at the era of Appearance, it reveals the necessity of the development of the society at the era of Appearance like an incomparable prescription and an alternative for the knowledge-based development  while it determines and distinguishes the weak components and shortages of the knowledge-based development.
The findings of this research show that the knowledge-based development is unsuccessful in fulfilling all the needs of human being in spite of the fact that it provides some levels of comfort for humans. On the contrary, development at the era of Appearance, under the full management of comprehensive logic of knowledge and with the use of all knowledge resources, is capable of providing all human needs at its various aspects.

Sport has become the focus of competition between countries because of its unique role in fostering generation, public health, social vitality, business growth and media dynamism. Therefore, it is vital to study this system from the perspective of its interaction with  the government, academia, industry and society in general and the development of sports knowledge-based economy in particular. This research is aimed at designing a Quadruple Helix model of Government, University, Industry and Society for development of a knowledge-based economy in Iran's sport industry. In this qualitative research a structural-functional analysis approach has been used. The statistical population of the study comprises of 23 knowledge-based economy experts in Iran’s sports industry including university professors, managers and entrepreneurs and nine experts who participated in a Delphi Panel. They were selected on a judgmental based.method. Narrative of research evaluated and approved in three sections; sample scientific and legal validity, content validity tool and agreement between the proofreaders. We used a systematic conceptual analysis and descriptive statistics to analyze the data. Based on the research findings, it can be said that the economics of sports could not be achieved without taking into account of the quadruple spiral pattern among government, university, industry and society. In the Helix pattern,in order to have a knowledge-based economy in sports, the four systems must have active institutions, maps, and knowledge-based structures and participate in the processes as defined in this paper. In other words, an ecosystem suitable for a knowledge-based ' economy in sports will not realized unless a quadruple helix model designed and considered.

The purpose of this study is to identify and introduce the "starting point" of shifting the country's education and research system from the "oil-based" to the "knowledge-based" path. Given the ambiguities and complexities of "nature of starting point of correction process" for an individual or a society that has gone down in an undesirable historical path, using library studies, the views of experts in the fields of success, Islamic mysticism and development about the starting point of becoming an unsuccessful, perverse, and undeveloped, individual or community into a successful, transcendent and developed individual or community were examined. Experts in the fields of success, Islamic mysticism and development explain the starting point of the transformation process of an unsuccessful, perverse, or undeveloped, individual or community as "drinking the bitter drug", "repentance or vigilantism", and "changing ways of thinking", respectively that can be described as an identical phenomenon from different points of view: "confessing it self's responsibility for achieving the undesirable status quo". Many other scientists have mentioned the same concept. Therefore, in order to correct the intended oil-based path, Iran science and research system in the first step should "drink the bitter drug" that's mean it should admit the deterioration of the situation and accept its responsibility for achieving current situation; otherwise, any other action would be as continuing the inefficient historical path.

The oil has gradually obtained a predominant place in national economy since 1950 and nowadays, is the main important resource securing country financial needs. Two questions are the base of this research regarding contradiction of oil rent and traditional economic sectors including agriculture and livestock rearing which always have been intensified. These two questions are as follows: what are the impacts of oil wealth distribution among different regions on Iran's rural economic structure? What has been the locational-spatial consequences of this oil wealth distribution on agricultural sector as a main element of Iran's rural economic structure? Research required data have collected based on document study on the country during 2006- 2011. Collected data are analyzed based on Shift-Share Analysis and Gibbs- Martin methods. Result show that there have not been any incentive in the local, regional and national management for strengthening rural economic structure using oil wealth. In addition, absence of industrial sector in rural economic structure with emphasis on agricultural sector both from policy making view and credit securing show that there have not been any logical sight on the political economic system facing rural space economy for development.

The emergence of interdisciplinary approach, caused very diverse and wide composing and commingling of different areas. One of the phenomena that it’s interdisciplinary nature is clear, is phenomenon of the city. The concept of "knowledge based city" is very broad and may include all aspects of social, economic and cultural dimensions. knowledge based city with the aim of developing based on knowledge, by creating continuous encouragement, sharing, evaluating, modernization and update knowledge. knowledge based city involved diffrent range of sciences such as economy, geography and urban planning and social sciences and many other areas of expertise. knowledge based city is depend on knowledge based development to create continuous encouragement, sharing, evaluating, modernization and update knowledge. This can be achieved through continuous interaction between citizens and at the same time take place between them and citizens of other cities. The method of this article is documentary and library research related method with aims to explore and analyze the concept of knowledge based city. The findings of this research with study few internal And external studies resources, resulting in the presentation of dimensions, elements and indicators category that related to knowledge based city and in other words, identify collaborative and interdisciplinary dimensions of "knowledge based city" concept. In terms of this paper, dimensions of knowledge based city was place economy, sustainable urban design (physical), the development of knowledge based (social) and components and indicators that have been associated with each other. This means that the economic location; components of access to skilled and diverse labor, access to developed infrastructure and location direct costs, appropriate urban design (physical), component of access to scientific and academic environment and the existence of local consumer market and ultimately the development of knowledge based (social) components of culture, have been covered sharing of the knowledge.

During last two decades, the girls’ entrance rate to university has been raised substantially. There are various viewpoints about causes and consequences of this observable fact. The present study seeks to investigate the reasons for proportional increasing rate of girls’ entrance to university. In this paper we addresses following question; “Regarding the knowledge-based development discourse, what is the critical approach through which the reasons of increasing rate of girls’ entrance to university can be analyzed?” To answer this question, seven hypotheses were examined. The analysis of a survey data, which collected a set of likert scale items among a group of 364 students of Ahwaz University in the academic year of 2006/2007confirmed all the seven hypotheses of the research. In brief, findings showed that the reasons of the increasing rate of girls’ entrance to university must be scrutinized on the basis of an eclectic approach in the form of a complex set of multiple reasons. These multiple reasons, which are in fact summarize the research hypothesis as well, are the change in the attitude of the society concerning participation of women, increasing knowledge of women in regard to their rights, job accessibility, achieving social status, development of the scope of spouse choosing, university attractions and growth of womens’ expectations as well.

Industry and university collaboration with respect to its effects on the knowledge-based and sustainable development process is one of the main challenging subjects considered by all clear sighted, especially statesmen in previous decades. Review of several strategies presents practical oriented opinions that disseminate collaboration as an immediate effect development facilitator and finally lead to practical methods with short time precipitate recommendations. These methods, especially in the developed countries expanded in industrial revolution era and unfortunately, today, without any notice to geo-strategically considerations are persuaded by some of the less developed countries. After industrial revolution era, revisions on expired methods led to new structural oriented methods of collaboration with a view to obligations based on the subtle structural analyzing and with respect to the effects of other related organizations. In this paper, after enumeration of limitation and emphasis on complexity of this process, first we stress on the unsuccessful results of practical based methods in Iran and, after structural defect analyzing of industry-university collaboration, we propose a structural-oriented methods which is adaptable solution for our country.