meta-synthesis method

Achieving the goal of new Islamic civilization requires a kind of theoretical synergy and also relying on the findings of existing research works. These works, despite their breadth, are faced with the harm of parallel work and sometimes confusion in the findings. With the aim of solving this problem and answering the question that "based on how new Islamic civilization is represented in written works after the Islamic revolution, what are the strategies to achieve it and what are the central core of these strategies?", seeking to extract an explanatory model among available findings.In this way, we chose the Meta-Synthesis method and in the form of its steps, from 514 strategies extracted from 296 research works, into 52 categories and four meta-categories: "progress-oriented monotheistic software production", "enhancement of religious, native and revolutionary culture and its application at the level of governance and society", "reform of political structures and behaviors in the framework of regional religious democratic governments and aimed at Ummah-building" and "development of science and justice-oriented material life, aimed at promoting Spiritual", we achieved. By putting these four points together, the focal core of the theoretical model can be considered as "a theoretical and practical movement aimed at improving the material and spiritual life with the aim of realizing a virtuous life in the Islamic Ummah".

In the name of supporting Iranian goods, the Supreme Leader allocated specific titles to the years 2019, 2020, 2021. This was done in order to help create a production boom and tackle the consistent sanctions and high unemployment rates of young university graduates. Therefore the importance of and interest in knowledge-based companies has doubled. According to the Supreme Leader, the most fundamental foundation of a resistance-based economy is a knowledge-based economy as knowledge-based companies are the driving force behind the development of these economies. However, despite the remarkable effectiveness of knowledge-based companies, statistics show that most of these companies either disappear or remain small over time, and only a small number of them become larger companies.Given the important role knowledge-based companies play in the economic growth of the country, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive study on extracting the success factors of these companies. Therefore, the present study, which was conducted using a qualitative method (meta-combined approach), seeks to identify the success factors of knowledge-based companies and their classifications. Therefore, initially 479 articles were reviewed, of which 99 articles were used for final analysis. For data analysis, the coding method was used and 32 codes for recognition and validation were verified via the Cohen Kappa test using SPSS software version 22.After obtaining the extracted indices using the hyper-combined qualitative method, Shannon’s entropy method was employed to determine the weight of the indices. Findings showed, the success factors of knowledge-based companies can be divided into three general categories: organizational factors (organizational culture, organizational policy, organizational capability), environmental factors (supportive mechanism, environmental infrastructure) and individual factors (demographic characteristics, personality traits). The results of this study portray, the indices of knowledge-based and expert manpower, government support policies and marketing and sales capabilities, are the most important factors affecting the success of knowledge-based companies. Therefore, based on the findings and results of the research, the necessary suggestions were presented.

According to the 20-year vision document of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Iran should be a developed country with the first economic, scientific and technological position in the region until 1404 AH. Despite a relatively comprehensive focus on social development in the upstream documents, Iran is still not in an appropriate international and regional position. Jihadi management; It is a style of management that is specific to the system of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The meta synthesis method is a useful research method for reviewing and coherence of scattered research, especially in humanities studies. In this research, a hybrid method to study researches related to jihadi management and its effects on social development with all its components. These studies include the text of the Quran, the statements of the infallibles, the statements of the leaders of the Islamic Republic of Iran and one hundred articles in the field of development. Is stable and jihadi management; The result is the usefulness of using the meta synthesis method to study the impact of jihadi management on the social development of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the purpose of answering the question whether jihadi management with all its dimensions and components on the social development of the republic Is Islamic Iran with all its characteristics influential or not? The findings of this study, which was conducted by MAXQDA software, are the effectiveness of jihadi management on the social development of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

The realization of the menus of political development, despite its long history from the Qajar period until now, has always faced many challenges and has gone through ups and downs. This process accelerated with the victory of the Islamic Revolution and the establishment of the model of the Islamic Republic, although the emergence of some issues such as the eight-year imposed war, and the long process of reconstruction of material and moral damage after that interrupted the political development path in the country. Using the META-SYNTHSIS method, this study intends to answer the question that given the political, economic, cultural, social, discourse and technological obstacles and challenges in the path of political development in Iran, how can this Paved the way in Iran? The findings of this study indicate that the Islamic Republic of Iran, by emphasizing a kind of jurisprudential reading of Islam that is based on a kind of relationship with reason and revelation, tries to provide a kind of indigenous model of development in various fields, especially in the political arena. To increase the ability of the political system to cope with the shocks of the modern period, as well as to provide an interactive coexistence with the contemporary and modern world.

During the last decade, various works have been published in the field of humanities regarding the Iranian Islamic model of progress. This article has tried to present the findings of these researches using the meta-synthesis method, coherent and comprehensive theories on what and why this model offer. And to answer the question that using the composition of the findings of the works written about the Iranian Islamic Model of Progress (IIMP), what theory can be presented to explain the IIMP?The findings of this study indicate that this model was formed in response to solving the problems of the political system of the IR.Iran and the root of the problem is the lack of theoretical coherence regarding the role of Iranian Islamic components in the development of Islamic anthropology. And accept the emphasis on the relationship between religion and development, in which "strengthening the Islamic political-jurisprudential reading", "efficient provincial jurisprudential democracy", "economic power", strengthening religious and national identity and "alignment with science and technology" are the main categories extracted from the findings. The abstract concept of these meta-categories can be considered as "coherent and theoretical plans for the promotion of national and international power of the Islamic Republic of Iran." In fact, the model is a roadmap to move towards the promotion of national and international power of Islamic Iran, and although it does not seek to change the goals, ideals and an important part of the existing structures, but has a reformist approach and seeks to eliminate weaknesses and theoretical gaps.

Foresight evaluation is a challenging task. In fact, this essay is mainly focused on "how to sketch out a dynamic and integration model of foresight by using a systematic approach".

This study is a qualitative research and uses the Meta-synthesis method (Sandelowski & Barroso model); Articles published in the field of foresight evaluation in journals and international conferences held in Iran (1385-1396 Persian calendar) and in other countries (2000-2017 A.D.) are reviewed. In order to formulate the model 37 articles were selected by using Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) scale. Finally, to measure the validity of the model Kappa index was calculated by using the SPPSS software. Since the Kapa index is less than 0.05, it is a significance level. Taking this into account, the assumption reflecting the independence hypothesis of the extracted codes is rejected and the correlation is proved. The calculated value for Kapa index is tantamount to 0.7477 which doesn’t vary from the internationally recognized value.

The model is presented in the format of a dynamic model of integrated evaluation of foresight which consists of two levels: The first level which shapes the main part of the model, explains the mechanism of integration and dynamics in the evaluation of objectives, outcomes and impacts of foresight. The second level, putting a systematic approach into work, dividers the foresight evaluation into three distinct stages: (1) Pre-evaluation (input),(2)Evaluation(process) and(3)Post- evaluation(output).

According to the literature review, no comprehensive and integrated study has been done so far on the Foresight evaluation. The proposed model is the first foresight evaluation comprehensive model. Having applied a systematic approach, this model provides a dynamic and integrated evaluation of foresight.

In this study, the authors by studying 50 ISI articles from 2010 to 2020 and 50 domestic scientific-research articles from 1388 to 1398 (Shamsi Hijri calendar), have tried to use the meta-synthesis Method to extract the causes of corruption (Driving Forces of Corruption) And the restraint factors of corruption (Reversing Forces of Corruption). Then, Driving and Reversing Forces of Corruption were categorized based on the highest frequency of repetition. Finally, the model of corruption and its Driving and Reversing Forces have been designed and presented using the Meta-synthesis Method.

By raising public awareness, the expectation from governments has undergone many changes. In this regard, scientists have proposed different ways to reform the administrative system and make it effective, including the design and implementation of an efficient accountability system. Although in recent years, different theories have been presented on the different models and dimensions of accountability of government, but in these studies, a specific aspect has been presented to provide a government response model. Therefore, in this research, it has been attempted to provide a model for assessing the accountability of governments through a deep examination of various models and dimensions of accountability in past research, using the Meta-synthesis method and based on a descriptive-exploratory study with a developmental-applied approach. The statistical population of the study to evaluate the content validity of the model, consisted of government executives and experts working in the field of administrative sciences and public administration in the country. The statistical sample was selected by purposeful judgment with a snowball sampling approach of 15 people. The data collection tool was a deep library study and a basic expert questionnaire. In the end, based on a seven-step approach, a model for assessing the accountability of governments is presented which includes accountability goals, accountability audiences, accountability references, accountability tools, components, and accountability dimensions.