structural-interpretive modeling

Despite the proven benefits of electronic cities, its realization faces a plethora of challenges. For this reason, many Iranian cities, including Abdanan, have failed to comply with the standards of the electronic city. In this regard, this research seeks to identify and analyze the obstacles and challenges to the realization of the electronic city of Abdanan. This is an applied study that adopts a qualitative-quantitative method. In the qualitative section, theoretical saturation was reached through interviews with a sample of 5 experts who were selected using purposive sampling method. In the thematic analysis, four indices (individual, normative-social, technological and organizational) were identified. Using the purposive sampling, 50 experts were selected. The sub-criteria were then prioritized based on the structural-interpretive modeling of ISM. The results of interpretative structural modeling showed that among the obstacles to the realization of the electronic city in Abdanan, normative-social and technological obstacles posed the highest and lowest challenge, respectively, thus exerting the most and the least impact on the realization of the electronic city in Abdanan. Moreover, the results suggested that all sub-criteria of obstacles are among linked variables with a high power of influence and dependence. To help the realization of the electronic city in Abdanan, it is suggested to hold practical trainings by drawing on media capacities, organize various seminars and conferences in the city, develop automations of government bodies, improve bandwidth and reduce the costs of the Internet for people.

Today, smart tourism is growing and developing as a new type of tourism industry. Due to the growth of new technologies, countries can not act on tourism development without considering their impact and at the same time guarantee its sustainability. However, there are problems and challenges in this regard. Aras Free Zone as an example of this study is no exception and the main purpose of this study is to identify the challenges of smart tourism development in this area. In this regard, the research method of the present article is exploratory in nature and practical in purpose. The required information has been collected through library and field studies (questionnaire). The statistical population of the study was the experts in the field of tourism in Aras Free Zone. Using snowball method, 10 people were interviewed as a statistical sample of the research. Also, for the validity of extractive indicators, content analysis (CVR) method and for identifying the most important challenges of smart tourism, structural-interpretive modeling (ISM) and Mick Mac analysis have been used. In this regard, the research findings have shown that out of 20 challenges extracted from theoretical foundations, 14 challenges have acceptable validity. The challenges of manpower, organizational-management, information and communication technology, financial resources and infrastructure are considered as key challenges in the development of smart tourism in the Aras Free Zone, which have a great impact on the development of smart tourism.

The research aims to identify and analyze the challenges of knowledge-based urban development in Ahvaz city, using a descriptive-analytical approach. The opinions of 20 experts were utilized to identify the factors and barriers hindering the realization of knowledge-based urban development in Ahvaz city. The ISM interpretive-structural modeling and Mic-Mac software were employed to examine the data on eighteen factors categorized into four dimensions (institutional-planning, economic, social-cultural, and physical) that serve as significant barriers to the implementation of knowledge-based urban development in Ahvaz. The findings revealed that the dominant and traditional political economy, along with rigid and unilateral approaches in policy-making, are the primary influential factors obstructing knowledge-based urban development. Additionally, citizens' reluctance to share knowledge and engage in communication, undervaluing knowledge acquisition and distribution, absence of a collaborative culture for knowledge management, citizen disconnection from current knowledge, underutilization of human capital, inadequate communication between universities and city management organizations for knowledge exchange, limited access to broadband and ICT services, digital divide, and unequal access to information and communication technology infrastructure, are among the key independent variables significantly impacting the city of Ahvaz

Mental health disorders pose a significant threat to human well-being, particularly affecting urban populations. Despite the paramount importance of addressing urban mental health, effective strategies for improvement remain elusive. This concern has garnered heightened significance in Tehran, a city with a pressing need for viable solutions. This research aims to identify key strategies to enhance the mental health of the city. Employing a descriptive-analytical research method, the study utilizes content analysis and structural analysis to pinpoint crucial solutions. The findings reveal that three primary strategies — the formulation and execution of a comprehensive mental health plan, the integration of aesthetically pleasing urban design to promote mental well-being, and the adoption of innovative approaches such as mobile health programs and online services — are deemed pivotal variables. Consequently, the implementation of these solutions holds the potential to significantly enhance urban mental health in Tehran.

The main purpose of this study was to model the drivers that affect the functioning of laws for good water governance in Iran.

Materials:

 To achieve this goal, structural-interpretive modeling method was used. In terms of applied purpose, in terms of collecting descriptive-survey information and in terms of research paradigm, the present research is a combination of research (quantitative-qualitative) with an exploratory approach. The data collection tool was a researcher-construction questionnaire with a matrix nature. The statistical population of the study was 14 experts.

Based on Mikmak analysis in the dependent area, the factor of compatibility of laws with the economic situation of users and in the communication area. Factors: quality of related laws, monitoring of good implementation of laws, compatibility of laws with social status of users, compliance with laws and administrative regulations With the needs of water governance, anticipation of the enforcement of timely laws, public confidence in the results of law enforcement.

Mikmak's analysis showed that the components in the dependent and communication areas have a greater role in determining the effective drivers in the functioning of laws and any action in the functioning of laws related to the water sector at the national level should be considered. And the position of the components that make up the dependent and communication factors. It is suggested that the guidelines for monitoring the proper implementation of laws be reviewed and that in the process of drafting and approving laws, the necessary attention be paid to the issue of compatibility of laws with the social status of users

Since the influence of financial indicators in the hotel industry is undeniable, in this research, first, using the interpretive structural approach, a stratified model was designed for financial indicators, and then, using the structural equation approach, the relationships between the indicators were measured and investigated. The obtained results show that the eight factors identified in this field were placed in three levels. Based on the model obtained in this research, the economic factor which includes GDP indicators, economic growth, employment rate, etc. and looks at this industry from the perspective of macroeconomics is the most influential indicator in the hotel industry and as the initiating factor has been investigated. Also, according to the mechanism of the economic factor and its related definitions, this factor will be able to develop the performance and increase the efficiency of hotels in both financial and operational sectors. The economic factor will be able to implement the integration and integration of financial issues in the hotels in the best way and by creating coordination between the second level factors that include liquidity, debt, efficiency and risk indicators, provide the right context to gain profitability in hotels. By achieving the second level in the research model, hotels will be able to achieve profitability, which can provide the necessary background for the overall movement of the hotel towards increasing efficiency and, as a result, improving the financial conditions of hotels.

Sustainable smart city as the result of two concepts of smart city and sustainable urban development is the dominant approach in urban management of the third millennium. Considering the importance of the topic in this article, an effort has been made to provide a model for a smart city based on sustainable urban development in the country. This research is based on interpretative paradigm. Also, in terms of the purpose of this research, it is an applied-developmental research, and from the point of view of the method of data collection, it is a descriptive research with survey-cross-sectional method. The statistical population of the research includes academic experts as well as executive managers of urban management and planning, urban geography, communication and information technology. Sampling was done by targeted method and theoretical saturation was achieved with 10 people. The underlying categories of the sustainable smart city model were identified by the qualitative analysis method, and the relationships between the underlying categories of the sustainable smart city model were determined by the structural-interpretive method. Thematic qualitative analysis was performed using MaxQDA 20 software and structural-interpretive modeling calculations were performed with MicMac software. The findings of the research showed that smart urban infrastructure and smart governance are the two basic elements of the model that have the greatest impact in creating a smart city based on sustainable development. In the same way, the amount of influence on the next levels is reduced and the variables of the same level, that is, have mutual interaction with each other. These factors contribute to the smart economy and smart environment by influencing the smartness of transportation and smart business based on technology. In the future, sustainable urban development can be achieved through smart structures and smart modems, and finally, this sustainable urban development can lead to the smartening of the city.It is suggested to the relevant managers to achieve the goals of the smart metropolis by creating an unbreakable link between ecology, economy and social security and reducing environmental and ecological problems. One of the important and influential factors in the formation of a smart city is increasing productivity and employment and fair distribution of services among the public. This important causes the satisfaction of the citizens. Also, citizens with awareness and satisfaction help in optimizing the consumption of electricity, water and energy. Another influential pillar in the smart city is the smartness in hospitals and healthcare in general, which prevents problems related to human health.

Eco-city is a city that has been formed and managed on the bases of the principles of environment-friendly living, eliminating carbon waste, producing energy from renewable sources, creating an environment in the city, stimulating economic growth, reducing poverty, organizing city for higher population densities, greater efficiency and improve health. According to Register’s view, an Eco-city is based on the principles that human settlements can be environmentally sustainable and livable, as well as intensive, supportive of urban life, compatible with the ecological zone and ecological improvement. Thus, reducing energy consumption, promoting biological communities, health, social justice, prioritizing non-motorized transportation, and helping the economy in these cities are considered. Among the issues, especially in the last decade development of Bojnourd city that should be paid more attention to these days due to rapid urban development, attracting a significant population of immigrants seeking the development of urban and even metropolitan services and facilities, creating disorder and inability to expand the city. The growth of the urban population, the increase in dependence and the use of private cars due to the inefficiency of public transport, the significant volume of congestion and urban traffic, the spread of various environmental pollutants such as air pollution, noise pollution, and in some cases even visual pollution. The necessity and importance of paying attention to the city of Bojnourd from the perspective of the ecological city approach are because with the continuation of this situation, the city of Bojnourd distances itself from its context and capabilities to become an ecological city and these problems intensify; In this case, planning and dealing with it will require more time and money. Therefore, by using new and world-renowned approaches to sustainable urban development, this development can be more balanced proccess. The various dimensions of the city in the growth and development proccess can be coordinated and integrated. The purpose of this study is to present a structural-interpretive model based on the ecological city approach.

 Interpretive-structural modeling is an effective and efficient method for topics in which different qualitative variables have interact affects. This method can be use to discover the relationships and dependencies between qualitative variables, analyze them, and draw. Numerous methods such as the Delphi, nominal group method, focus groups, and brainstorming, are formal methods for generating ideas and reaching consensus among experts. This research has been done in two steps: The first is the Delphi technique, which was carried out to identify the indigenous components of the ecological city in Bojnourd. We first discussed with the panel of experts about the general issues of Bojnourd city, the contexts, and obstacles to the realization of the ecological city approach. As a result, 16 components were obtained in five main categories. The second step is the process of structural-interpretive modeling to implement this technique, the internal relations of the factors were identified, and finally, their leveling was done.

 A list of components mentioned by experts during the Delphi interview was compiled, and according to their context, they included 16 components in five environmental, economic, managerial, social, and physical contexts. After determining the relationships and levels of variables in the structural-interpretive model, the components are located at four levels. Components at the upper levels of the model are less effective, and as you approach the lower levels, the effectiveness of the components increases. The lowest level of this model is the "citizenship culture and lifestyle" component. Accordingly, the model of achieving an ecological city in Bojnourd is a four-level model whose foundation begins with the culture and lifestyle of citizens, and in planning towards this goal, this component should be the focus.

 The relationship between the city and the environment has hidden layers in the political, socioeconomic, and even cultural contexts. Following the emergence of environmental issues in cities, the ecological attitude towards cities has expanded, in which natural capital must be preserved in a way that does not face unfavorable conditions and environmental degradation. The study aimed to identify the effective components of the realization of the ecological city in Bojnourd to achieve sustainable urban development, using new methods in the field of qualitative research using the Delphi interview and structural-interpretive model (ISM). According to this model, the components were classified into four levels, and component 12, i.e. "citizenship culture and lifestyle", has the most impact at the lowest level of this model. Finally, according to the analysis of penetration power and the degree of dependence in the form of MICMAC analysis, the components were located in districts two and three. The job opportunities tailored to indigenous cultural and biological contexts component is the only component of district 2, with high impact and low penetration power. The other components are located in area three, and any changes in these components will affect the other components and the feasibility system of the ecological city.

The term development is aimed at improving the level and quality of life of individuals and improving the general welfare of society  And its sustainability refers to the continuity of this process over generations. In this regard, the smart city is not a reality but a kind of strategy that has been considered for the future development perspective. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and survey in terms of data collection.  The data collection tool is a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study includes experts and urban experts. In this regard, according to the objectives of the research, collection tools, data type and research methodology, it is necessary to identify the factors affecting Realization of the principles of smart growth in Malayer city on the one hand and on the other hand, using the analytical methodology of interpretive structural modeling In order to determine and analyze the relationships between the factors affecting the feasibility of the principles of smart growth in the city of Malayer, which ultimately the type of variables according to the impact And the effect on other variables is clustered The results show that the factor of creating mixed uses in the city of Malayer with the penetration rate of 9 has the greatest impact It acts as the foundation stone of the model and has the least .impact on encouraging and encouraging individuals to develop cooperation and partnership with the power of influence.