technological capability

Today, the participation and promotion of countries in the global value chain is considered essential for economic development. Technological capabilities are also known as one of the most important factors affecting promotion. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of identifying the promotion factors in the global value chain using a qualitative method with semi-structured interviews. After collecting interviews from 13 active companies at different levels of the global value chain in the leather industry, promotion factors were identified by thematic analysis using Nvivo software. The results show that companies to upgrade in the global value chain in the leather industry need various factors such as; the creation of a research and development unit, biotechnology technologies in leather tanning, updating machinery, new methods in wastewater treatment and chrome recovery, optimal use of chemicals, and new nanotechnology methods. These factors are also dependent on all three infrastructures of investment, production, and linkage to create and develop to upgrade to higher levels in the value chain. Among the effective factors in investing are access to financial resources and having a development plan, in the production sector, updating machinery and skills, training specialized forces, absorbing modern knowledge to improve the quality and variety of products. In the linkage department, communication with educational institutions and research centers to improve the quality of products and also develop branding at the international level is one of the effective factors.

The current research aim is to identifying the requirements and outcomes of improving technological capability in the defense field. For this purpose, the Supreme Leader's statements from From Esfand 1400 to the end of 1401 that published in the KHAMENEI.IR are considered as research community and have been analyzed. The data has been analyzed using thematic analysis and MAXQDA software. The research findings include identification of two overarching themes, 18 organizing themes and 53 basic themes. According to the research findings Constructive interactions of the armed forces with academic and seminary centers; Focusing on useful sciences, youthism, focusing on applied sciences, scientificall jihad, reforming processes and Science-oriented in the defense field and talent management, creating think tanks, pathology of past actions, adapting the structure and strengthening hope for the future in Armed forces are finding as the requirements for improving the technological capability; and improving the level of defense sciences and defense capabilities, preserving Iranian Islamic identity, creating endogenous security and national authority and improving public satisfaction are finding as outcomes of improving the technological capability in the defense field.

The focus of this study is on how the technological capabilities of the latecomer firms accumulate in the catch-up process. Literature study suggests that no comprehensive and integrated model specifies the technological capabilities of each catch-up phase. Therefore, the present study aims to fill this research gap. The main contribution of this study is to identify the dedicated technological capabilities in each catch-up stage. By comparing and combining the current findings in the literature during the years 1980 to 2018 with the meta-synthesis method, the following question is investigated: "What are the technological capabilities at each phase of the catch-up process?" The main findings of this study include summarizing the technological capability definitions, introducing the main pillars of technological capability conceptualization, collecting various typologies of technological capability, comparing different phases of the catch-up process, extracting the hierarchical structure of technological capability, and assigning each technological capability to its dedicated phase.  Given the findings of this study and the specific contextual conditions of the firm, managers can customize this framework for improving technological capabilities. This firm-specific roadmap specifies which technological capabilities should be developed and upgraded at which time frame.

Global experience has shown that policymakers in both developing and developed countries have always used the leverage of the domestic market to enhance their country's technological capability as an important and effective policy instrument. In Iran, the most important policy in this area is the law of “maximal use of internal capabilities”, which despite the modification of the initial version in 2012, seems to have failed to have effectiveness for the economy of the country. In this study, by reviewing the history of the implementation of this law, related laws and regulations, and initial interview with experts, six main institutional categories were identified. Using the method of focus group and analyzing the content of the discussions and interviews conducted in six sessions, the institutional framework for increasing effectiveness of this kind of laws was proposed. According to the analysis, the most important institutional deficiencies in reducing the effectiveness of the law, were some issues like: the importance of a full project to Iranian companies and forcing them to improve its technological capability, the lack of a system of financing, the lack of sectoral innovation policy and regulation and lack of aggregation of public demand for increasing bargaining power.

Context and

Using and applying the modern equipments with the excellent technology is one of the police efficiency indices in any country. On one side, electronic systems such as radar systems have important role in increasing the efficiency, rapidity and accuracy of police groups and on the other side, political issues such as boycotts along with some security topics such as controlling these systems lead the country towards local supply of these equipments. In the meanwhile, the role of companies with high technological capability for supplying these equipments is very important. Quick technology changes and environmental requirements are considered as the traits of police electronic equipments technologies. Hence, the companies for confronting such environment require rearranging and coordinating their organizational capabilities such as technology capability with the new environmental needs and opportunities increasingly and variably. Thus, this paper intends to present an appropriate model for promoting the technology capability in the technology-based companies that supply the police electronic equipments.

For presenting this model, after formation of a conceptual model, the survey was applied and the data obtained from 78 knowledge-based companies were analyzed and by means of structural equations modeling, the direction and intensity of relationships between structures resulted in promotion of technology capability in these enterprises was studied. At end, technological capability improvement model in the enterprises supplying the police electronic equipments was presented. Findings and

The enterprises with higher dynamic capability that have higher capability in environmental perception and flexibility will have higher technological capability level. Achieving the higher levels of technological capabilities that include an integrated set of capabilities require something more than common technical, engineering and research capability particularly in the active companies in the excellent technology sectors such as police electronic equipments require dynamic capability in order to improve and rearrange itself continuously and improve and reproduce the core competences of enterprise.