native architecture

Quantitative approach in housing design on the one hand and the growing trend of its demand on the other hand has caused that the real sense of attention to, not be paid to the fundamental issue of vitality of residential environments in Babolsar Mehr residential complexes. This issue, along with the mutual effect of the residents' quality of life, makes it necessary to present a comprehensive and systematic model of the vitality of residential environments. The aim of the current research is to provide solutions for improving the quality of the residential spaces of Babolsar city based on the recognition of the components of vitality through the native housing architecture of Mazandaran province. After reviewing the literature, it was presented the patterns of vitality and its generalization with the native architecture of the region through the collection of field information. Using random sampling, a sample of 175 residents of four Mehr housing estates inBabolsar was selected and questionnaires were administered to them. The questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS software. The findings of the research show that in the results of factor analysis, one of the 7 vitality factors was identified (1. urban vitality, 2. physical indicators, 3. psychological aspects, 4. improvement of spatial-activity desirability, 5. attention to people, 6. safety and security and 7. Connection with nature), 5 of its factors were significant and factors 4 and 7 have been removed in the evaluations due to their importance according to the experts of architecture and urban planning.Connection with nature), 5 of its factors were significant and factors 4 and 7 have been removed in the evaluations due to their importance according to the experts of architecture and urban planning.

aim of comparative review of sustainable development patterns in traditional and contemporary markets of Iran and to investigate the role of innovation in improving economic, social and environmental indicators the research method includes a qualitative-descriptive and analytical approach. To collect data, document studies,field observations and semi-structured interviews have been used Sanandaj traditional market as a representative of traditional markets, and Tabriz Lale Park commercial complex as a contemporary example from the west of Iran The points in this research have been selected and analyzed and evaluated from the perspective of three indicators of sustainable development The data of the interviews were coded with the method of qualitative content analysis and organized in the form of the main concepts of the research important findings: Analytical findings show that traditional markets are more successful in the social and cultural dimensions of sustainable development due to the preservation of the local structure and the presence of face-to-face interactions. On the other hand, modern shopping centers provide the opportunity for economic growth and improvement of environmental indicators by using management innovations, advanced technologies and large investments However, in the deep connection with local identity and the creation of extensive cultural interactions, contemporary markets still face limitations. Based on the final results, combining the socio-cultural experiences of traditional markets with modern technologies and innovative management approaches in contemporary markets can be a fundamental step towards realizing sustainable development in urban commercial spaces.

The existence of economic issues, the use of low-quality materials and the construction of low-quality residential buildings have caused problems in the construction industry, especially in the facade of buildings, and it has somehow distanced itself from its native design. Such issues can be seen in Sari city, which has caused the urban spaces and people's living areas to turn into a dull and minimally attractive environment by creating visual disturbances. The aim of the research is to design the facades of residential buildings in Sari city by sampling the components used in the facades of historical and indigenous houses in Sari. The descriptive-analytical research method is of a qualitative type and in terms of the developmental-applicative goal, in which information is collected in the form of a library. Also, in order to get a more accurate understanding of the facades of residential houses in Sari, 14 samples of the facades of contemporary houses and 4 samples of the facades of native houses in Sari were evaluated with the method of field sampling and face-to-face interviews by individuals. Then, according to the analysis of evaluations and findings, in order to provide facade design strategies, the facade components of traditional and historical Sari houses have been studied. The results of the research show that the facade of native houses has sensory-visual perceptions and specific physical elements, which respectively include: (rhythm, repetition, balance, proportion and symmetry) and (entrance, staircase, semi-open spaces, openings, columns, plinths, etc. frames, sloping roof, decorations, coloring, native materials) which are the main components of the pillars and functional components of the facade. Therefore, it is possible to achieve a favorable view by taking a sample from them.

The purpose of this article is to extract the components and indicators of Tabriz school of architecture and urban planning with an emphasis on the historical market of Tabriz.

This research was carried out with the research method of text content analysis and field survey and methods of library and documentary search, observation and photography.

The school of Tabriz can be found in the ancient history of Tabriz, various arts, historical buildings and spaces, nature and gardens of Tabriz, authentic neighborhoods and passages, the market and its ancient social and cultural aspects, its authentic goods and foods. did This city, which is the birthplace of artists, merchants, scholars and politicians, and many tangible and intangible events and works, the sum of which can express an original school in architecture, urban planning and painting. Tabriz market is one of the pillars of the identity of this city, which is a collection of rows and timchehs and palaces with valuable urban architecture and design representing the economic, social, and native architecture foundations. This complex has a stable economic life due to being on the international silk trade route, a special social and cultural cohesion that is considered a social capital, and the secrets of urban planning and design that can be relearned for the current state of cities.

Unlike the markets of Tehran, Isfahan, Kashan, which have a linear structure with fewer branches, the market of Tabriz is a network consisting of rows and nodes in the form of teams, timcheh, sera, and mosque and with many branches. It continues to exist as an efficient system in economic, social, climatic dimensions and with a high diversity of activities and economy with a complex order. A deep understanding of the identity-building aspects of Tabriz market in different cultural, economic, social, functional, physical, natural and landscape dimensions can help to protect it in the current and future situation.

native architecture; It is an architecture that has given an appropriate answer to the needs of man, in relation to himself, society, the surrounding world and nature (basic needs) and has not occurred due to a specific event, in a specific time frame, it is a human-oriented architecture and based on his identity, It is formed as a dynamic movement over time. In fact, past architecture has crystallized typological values in the concept of type and transferred it. The architect has created a link between the present and the past through the concept of type and acting based on it. This link has become a chain of interconnected links that have evolved throughout history. What is being built in the present is a link of that chain. To act correctly and appropriately in the present tense, one must read the links of a chain. The starting point of this chain is a kind of base. In general, Iran's architecture of yesterday was valuable and proud; He gave honor to the soil, and he left behind the dignity of efficiency, reliability and beauty to man, and he thought of the sublime. Today, by examining the surrounding world, a certain regularity can be seen in the complex system of nature and human mind, which is necessary to establish order and balance in life. Therefore, decision-making in different situations is required to simplify complexities from a mental point of view and to find some kind of regularity in order and disorder in order to identify and remember patterns that lead to the conscious discovery of design patterns. Christopher Alexander first took an effective step in this field by proposing the theory of pattern language, but today, despite the design of several patterns based on Alexander's intuitive knowledge, some thinkers have not yet paid attention to this topic of architecture. According to Alexander, all the buildings that have been built so far, whether traditional or modern, all of them take their shape from the languages that their builders use; And it is the language that gives meaning and concept to the structure and saves it from the resulting anonymity.The native architecture of Iran has an ancient history. In every corner of it, buildings with different architectures can be seen, which at the same time have something in common, this feature has made them need to be investigated. Today's architecture is the result of our neglecting the physical conditions of the residents and past experiences and importing western architecture without localization. The continuation of this current will intensify the priority of aesthetics over comfort and will gradually increase the use of fossil energies and destroy our identity. Therefore, the present article aims to analyze the theoretical field of the researches conducted in the field of native architectural patterns, to meta-analyze the studies conducted in this regard. Considering that native architecture in different societies can have different meanings and types of factors and patterns, therefore, in this article, an attempt has been made to make a theoretical summary in the field of factors in the analysis. The statistical population is 61 articles (31 domestic articles and 30 foreign articles) in the period from 1390 to 1402. The collection of data from the articles was based on the Prisma protocol, which was adapted to the opinion of experts. After a systematic review of the articles, meta-analysis method and CMA2 software were used to analyze the data. Also, after the inferential analysis of the data through the funnel plot, the linear regression method if, the diffusion error and the Q test of heterogeneity, using the linear regression and multivariate regression methods, first the relationship between each independent variable and then all the independent variables in different dimensions with The dependent variable, i.e. native architectural patterns, was evaluated. The findings of the research show that among all the variables in the studies, the dependence of the building shape on the climate is the most effective variable on the local architectural pattern, followed by the variables of the flexibility of the space for multiple functions in all seasons of using local materials. And the amount of radiation and temperature has the greatest effect on the native architecture pattern.

Asbads are a sign of creativity, initiative and innovation of Iranians in the hot and dry climate and windy areas of eastern Iran.
The 120 day winds have been the main factor and motivation for the invention of Asbads in Sistan region. Varmal Asbad is built inside a complex of residential buildings and from this point of view is unique. The purpose of this article is the interaction of Asbad Wormal architecture with the characteristics of the natural environment in terms of orientation with the 120-day winds of Sistan, emphasizing CFD computational fluid dynamics simulation.
The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on documentary studies and field surveys in the scope of the research. The volume of the architectural mass was designed with Revit software. Urba Wind-Meteodyn software was used for geometric preparation and Ansys Fluent software was used for simulation.
Ansys Meshing software was used to generate grid independence, and WRPLOT View software was used to identify wind parameters. The results of CFD computational fluid dynamics simulation show how the wind flows based on the speeds of 3 and 6 meters per second, in the direction of the 120-day winds; The northwest wind creates more air flow in Asbad than the north wind, and as a result, it increases the air circulation for more functions of Asbad. The results shows that due to the location of Varmal Asbad within the complex of residential buildings, this particular type of Asbad has had more diverse functions than other Asbads in eastern Iran. In such a way that the proper use of the 120-day winds is an effective help in creating air circulation in the floors of the building and natural ventilation in the indoor spaces during the hot days of the year, and it shows the interaction of the architecture of Varmal Asbad with the natural environment. Therefore, apart from grain grinding, the applications of Varmal Asbad have been for natural ventilation and cooling.

In Brandi's thoughts, the concept of authenticity has two aspects, that is, "1. Artistic originality" and "2.”Historical authenticity" of architectural work can be seen that these two authenticity are related. In the sense that the artist is a part of the society and is related to his time, which is characterized by its specific cultural-political and socio-economic conditions. If Brandi's theory is considered in a more comprehensive context, architecture can be described in a more general sense than just the creative activity of the architect, that is, in the broad sense of originality as an expression of cultural and environmental characteristics. Here, the question is based on Brandi's originality theory, what is the original concept of using nature in native architecture (here as a case study: Iran)? The research method of this article is analytical description and logical reasoning method, which is used from philosophical hermeneutic reading to evaluate the concept of authenticity of nature in native architecture. The findings of the research show that naturalism is considered as the essence of native architecture, and with the analysis made in this research in connection with the investigation of the amount of nature elements (light, water and green space) in the courtyards of native houses, it is completely It was found that these buildings were designed in complete connection with nature and the use of natural, native and local elements along with the precise and subtle points of their execution show the harmony and complete adaptation of the architecture with the nature around it.

Native architecture is an invaluable phenomenon that reflects cultural, historical, social, religious, and other values. Values hidden in native architecture of each city shows the frame of mind of its people. As a result, people's peace and quality of life can be preserved through preserving these architectural values, which requires knowing and recognition of cultural heritage and identity of the city. Changes caused by modern architecture in Iranian historic cities have weakened architectural values and identities. This study tries to make use of various approaches to preserve native architecture values and introduce it to people and show them how to apply them in modern architecture. It also seeks to find a way to apply values of Ardebil’s native architecture in designing its modern buildings. The research method is descriptive-analytical and data is collected through field studies and library studies. The results include designing solutions for each of the constituent parts of the native architecture.

Privacy as a human need, is the result of adjustment of the interaction between human environment, which under the influence of current patterns of activity and cultural background, leads to a favorable atmosphere. Adjusting the privacy in Iranian homes is one of the fundamental features of Iranian architecture, which has had a profound effect on the formation of the spatial organization and the physical elements of traditional houses. However, the climatic and cultural diversity of the Iranian geographic region has caused different types of Iranian homes. The similar situation in the marginal cities of the Caspian Sea has caused the development of extroverted architecture. The extraterrestrial architecture of the rural homes of Gilan has provided a distinctly desirable privacy setting, in accordance with the requirements of Islamic belief and indigenous culture. In other words, the privacy setting in these homes is unique in terms of spatial structure and architectural elements and is different from introverted houses in the central regions of Iran. Architectural solutions to these types of homes in the provision of privacy have not yet been studied by researchers. For this reason, this paper outlines and describes the setting of privacy and its mechanisms, and looks at how to realize the desirable privacy in the works of the outsourcing architectural index in the rural homes of Gilan. The study first identified the spatial structure and architectural features of the selected buildings using library resources and field observations. Then, the researchers, through presence in the field of research, have focused on the evidence behind the behavior and reactions of the inhabitants, and tried to reveal the profound meanings of empirical data obtained from interviews and observations.The findings of this research show that adjusting the privacy plays an important role in the formation of spatial structure and architectural elements of extroverted houses. The presence of trees and hedge around the yard somewhat prevents the view of the interior and causes the enclosure of the space and determines the boundaries of the house, farm, and rice fields. Rotating inputs break the view into the building, and as a result, the visual connection to the building is lost. Bөltө prevents others from entering the house. Also, the stairs in the minor axis cause fractures and reduced visibility when entering the room. Ivan and Kotum and Esbo in the front of the room, causing plenty of space and staging the presence of people at home. Basically, Tallar and Tallar room, which are the guest›s place of stay, are in the seconf floor. Yelka and Jirben, the place of kitchen and the living room are placed in the ground floor or the first half floor. In addition to their core functions, these elements lead to a communication sequence, lack of visual aristocracy, and space contention, and thus the private sphere of the family is preserved.

In architecture and decorative art, ornament is a decoration used to embellish parts of a building or an object. Most ornaments do not include human figures, and if present, they are small compared to the overall scale. Architectural ornament can be carved from stone, wood or precious metals, formed with plaster or clay, painted or impressed onto a surface as an applied ornament; in other applied arts the main material of the objects or other things such as paint or vitreous enamel may be used.
In recent centuries a distinction between the fine arts and applied or decorative arts has been applied, with ornament mainly seen as a feature of the latter class.
Ornaments have been known as some conventional cases such as Cementing, Moqarnas & Tiles. Usually ornamentation is associated with some concepts like glory so Researchers of ornamentation field are less interested in "Rural Housing" as kind of low-cost architecture and indigenous workforce.
Housing has been one of the concerns of human for various stages of life. Its formation in different periods of history has been based on the physical and emotional needs of both human beings in the forest and human beings in the caves and their tools.
Rural native housing is a picture of the life style and context of the rural which serves a specific way of human activity and they have deep relation with the environment and depend on it. The rural houses which are built with poor budget and in a short time are the significant cases for this study.
If we assume ornamentation as some human needs to aesthetics or meaning, the question is “Can we identify the trace of ornament on a rural house?”
This research has been done in two stages of the field and library. The first stage involves visiting and documenting rural dwellings and recording empirical evidence, and the second stage, including the review of literature related to decorating and rural housing, then analyzing and rational reasoning around the subject. The overall structure of this research is based on the qualitative research method. Qualitative research generally refers to research whose findings have not been obtained through statistical processes and for quantitative purposes. The data of this type of research is collected through observation, interviewing or oral interactions, and focuses on the meanings and contributions of the participants.
ýSo the Ovan village was chosen for this research and 8 houses were chosen as samples for the study. Desk and field study were done together. Ovan Village is situated in a mountainous area 80 km northeast of Qazvin city. People of Ovan village mostly earn their livelihood by working in the fields of agriculture and animal husbandry. The two sources of agriculture, that is good soil and water, can be found amply in the village. Older houses of the village are built with adobe, clay, wood and stones, while newer houses are made of materials such as brick, cement and iron. Apparently, the lifestyle of its residents has affected the form and structure of residential units. As a result, houses in Ovan usually have large yards, a living room, guest room, kitchen, balcony, storehouse for keeping agricultural products, a small garden and at times a special space for keeping fowls and cattle.The results show that in the rural houses of Ovan, the ornament has emerged as a “nonfunctional order between functional elements of architecture”

The native aesthetics of plant presence in Moroccan architecture is the prevailing taste and approach to plant planting in its native architecture. This approach, which defines a relation between architecture and natural green elements, is the product of the native architects’ look at these natural elements, arising from their subjective identity and mindset in their thinking. This position has led to the formation of aesthetic principles in the creation of space, which examines the beauty of the plant not only with decorative and formal aspects, but also with functional aspects and in relation to the architectural space. In this study, we analyze the status of native species of Moroccan architecture, which are the result of the observation of their abundance and interpretation. By defining the native species and selecting four categories of “residential architecture”, “mosques”, “schools of theology” and “Riyadh”, we have studied examples. The abundance of these features has been analyzed in the next stage, which has led to dual semantic and physical principles. These principles, based on the lack of a holy and respectable position of the plant, are the cause of its connection to the material world and its lack of attention to specialization, Finally, plants are considered to be beautiful, smaller, portable by pots, sculptures or pendants, with a tiny texture and scale. This aesthetics that comes from the decorative and climatic thinking - in some cases limited - has resulted in a superficial, intimate presence between the architecture and the natural green elements associated with it, which could return to the roots of the climate, lifestyle, or even the powers that dominate the land. This aesthetics can also be a model for landscape architects and environmental planners to create original and native landscapes.

This paper attempts to introduce the social، cultural and physical structure of castle and identify the impact of social، cultural، economic behaviors of residents in the formation of such a unique structure. This castle is considered as one of the few residential castles of Yazd and even Iran. The purpose of this research is to realize a pristine example of native architecture and to use its teachings to overcome life''s inconsistencies and fragmentations. In this study، the castle was studied with library and field methods. However، due to position of the castle on the hill slope and consequently the high slope of streets، it was not possible to draw a map based on a fixed height. But it was attempted to correct and complete the map (prepared by the University of Yazd) with the help of aerial photographs and the field search. In addition، a simple sketch was drawn from all available homes، which are reducing day to day. This article is based on the results of limited archaeological excavations، field research، historical study and critical review of the literature. It can be concluded that the castle structure which has been wrapped around a central core over time، is shaped on a social، cultural and religious philosophy. So، understanding the structure is not possible without understanding its concepts and they are inseparable entities.