Comparative Study of Inscriptions from the Achaemenid and Sassanid Dynasties based on Statistical Studies

Inscriptions as the first form of written historiography have an important role in clarifying many historical unknowns. Examining these works from different aspects can open up beyond history, civilization, and culture to contemporary scholars. Considering that the two Achaemenid and Sassanid dynasties among the ancient dynasties of Iran, in the land of Pars, ultimately conquered power ruled a great part of the civilized world , And in terms of progress in civilization, art, the preservation and development of the culture of the Old East and exceled the other contemporary civilizations of that time, the inscriptions belonging to these two ancient dynasties have attracted attention to us. The study of the Achaemenid and Sasanian inscriptions in this paper, is comparing them with the help of modern inferential statistics methods. In spite of the importance of interdisciplinary studies and the application of statistics and mathematics in archeology, no research has ever been carried out In this research, the descriptive-deductive research method is based on the gathering of library and documentary information. The statistical population consisted of all inscriptions left from the Sassanid and Achaemenid periods and a random sampling method. These methods include descriptive and inferential statistical methods, in particular testing statistical hypotheses such as student test, Chi-Square Test and its related results. In the present article, due to the numerous of Achaemenid and Sassanids inscriptions inside and outside the Iranian plateau and the quantitative limitation of the article has been derivationed random sample of 87 inscriptions from a collection of inscriptions Two periods only inscriptions which are located within the geographical boundaries of ancient Iran.(39 inscriptions are from the Achaemenid period and 48 inscriptions are from the Sassanid period). The variables, the number of rows, the number of languages used in each, the place of the inscriptions, along with the shape or absence, the scattering of the collection, the language, substance, and the current location of the maintenance are considered which variable number of rows and the number of language used quantitatively and the rest are measured qualitively. In order to answer the main question, which differences are between the inscriptions in terms of the variables mentioned above? Research findings show that there is a significant difference between the inscriptions under investigation in these two periods, statistically and these differences, , can be analyzed historically. Among them, in the Sassanid period, familiarity with the paper was more extensive than the Achaemenid period and as a tool beside the inscriptions. This subject itself can be a reason for the difference in the lines in these two periods and the increase in the lines of the Achaemenid script verses the Sassanid Or that the wars between the Sassanids and the eastern Roman Empire caused the gradual influence of the culture of the archaic tradition of the eastern Roman Empire and because of the fact that the use of rocks was very common in the construction of Sassanid arches; therefore, in this period rocks replaced the gold and silver of the Achaemenid inscriptions and It was used as the main material in architecture and inscription, which is consistent with the results obtained..