Recognition the livelihood pattern of societies of Fifth Millennium BC (Chalcolithic period) in inner margin area of east central Zagros (Case study Tepe Chelamiran)

The Tepe Chel Amiran Geshlagh is located at narrow valley of Talvar at margin of Northwest of Central Zagros.This site has sequential deposits of cultural remains of Fifth Millennium BC . According to result of three seasons of Archaeological excavation in site, continuity of Dalma, Seh- Gabi and Godin IIV Cultures has been declared. The Chalcolithic period in the central Zagros have been started around 5500 BC and formed one of the most important prehistoric periods in Iran.This period, which was between (5500-3000BC), presented quite different characteristics compared to the Neolithic period. Primitive rural communities that were established in Neolithic period were significantly developed. Gheshlagh is one of these settlements. Assessing relative and absolute chronology of the region in order to identify the exact dates of settlements as well as cultural layers are among the most important goals of this article. Other Achievements of this article include finding an explanation for the cultural communications between ancient rural settlements along eastern ranges of central Zagros and the neighboring areas in northwest of Iran and Mesopotamia, as well as finding the origins and formations of early rural cultures and their transformation to more complicated sustenance, Economical, and social systems. How much did the environment and climate changes and neighboring cultures influence cultural components of Chalcolithic period? Were cultural changes in Talvar Valley due to local transformations or under the influence of surrounding areas? How were the cultural interactions between the local residents and the neighboring areas; were they more influenced by the northwest culture (Dalma), or the cultural phases of central Zagros? In general, the small and narrow valley of Talvar is like a natural corridor, which makes possible the communication between residents of Eastern areas of Central Zagros with South of Uremia Lake. This pass way includes series of connected valleys. Regarding its altitude higher than 1,600 meters above the sea level, its semi-steppe vegetation makes it agriculturally inappropriate. However, this condition provides good pastures, and introduces natural settlement for species of wild animals such as goats, sheep, rabbit and hog. These features, alongside the existence of permanent water supply of Talvar River, have made a suitable settlement condition all over the Chalcolitic period. Residents living was based on hunting and ranching, but fishing had a significant role, as well. According to studies done, livelihood pattern of each area is relying on available potentials in that area, and it’s understandable, so According to this, relevant data which included Animals bones remains and carbonated plant seeds which has been collected from each layers had given useful information after the study of typology them.Based on the results, determined that livelihood most of inhabitants of Geshlagh Tepe at all the time of Chalcolithic Period, in the first place was based on Animal husbandry and at the second place was based on Agriculture. Process of internal delays at this system shows that from Dalma Culture to the Godin IIV Culture, hunting the zebra, ghazal and hog had reduced and in proportion bones of goats and sheep had increased. But at the same time, still they used the domesticated species of wheat and barley. Though sample value was very less at the ashes remains, but abundance of crockery storage which fixed at corner of some spaces and also abundance of saddle shape grindstone and pestle is the sign of prevalence used of vegetables at nutrition of inhabitants.