The Study of Antibiotic Resistance Pattern in Bacterial Isolates and Determining Prevalence of Gram Negative Bacteria Producing Extended-Spectrum Beta-lactamase Obtained from Patients Admitted in teaching hospitals of Shohada Qaen, 2017-2018

 Determination of antibiotic resistance pattern and awareness of current resistance in each region, It can help to take appropriate therapeutic measures. The purpose of this study to identification of bacterial agents causing infection, and was the determination of their antibiotic resistance in patients admitted to teaching hospital of Shohada Qaen, through the years 2018-2019.

In this descriptive-analytic study, in the period of one year, 1980 samples were collected from patients admitted to teaching hospitals of Shohadah Qaen. The specimens were cultured in blood agar and EMB, and were incubated at 37 ° C for 24 hours, then the infection-causing bacteria were identified by differential biochemical tests, depending on gram positive or gram negative bacteria. The Disk diffusion method was applied to determine antibiotic resistance pattern, and the combined disk phenotypic method was applied to determine the strains producing e xtended -spectrum beta-lactamase enzymes (ESBLs).

1980 samples collected from patients admitted, 183 bacterial isolates were collected from which 151 gram negative and 32 gram-positive bacteria were identified. The most common isolated bacteria were Escherichia coli with a prevalence of 60.1%, followed by Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella,with a frequency of 11.5% and 10.9% respectively. Generally, gram-positive bacteria had the least resistance to Ciprofloxacin and Imipenem and gram-negative bacteria had the least resistance to Amikacin. 44.7% of the gram-negative bacteria produced ESBL.

Antibiotic administration based on the antibiotic resistance pattern can be more effective and useful. The high prevalence of ESBL producing strains indicates the necessity of rapid monitoring and identification of these strains.