Analysis of the effects of uneven border development on the formation of goods smuggling in the border provinces of Iran

Many factors are effective on the expansion of goods smuggling in the regions and provinces of the country, including the border provinces, and by taking the multi-casual perspective into account, underdevelopment can be considered to be one of the effective factors among the chain of causes.The purpose of this research is to measure the underdevelopment of border provinces and its impact on the smuggling of goods. The strategy of research is reproductive strategy that identifies underlying mechanism causing an orderly se quence. So that while there is a regular succession of smuggling of goods in the border areas, there is no direct evidence of the impact of underdevelopment of frontiersmen on it; Returning from effect to cause and understanding the underlying mechanisms that have an indirect impact on effect- using evidences and statistical data- will help. Although the present study is an Overview of the status quo of the border provinces in tendency to smuggling as a form of hidden economy; however, high rate of unemployment, low incomes, low non-productive investment, low production and insecurity in the frontier provinces are the factors that explain the individuals tendency toward smuggling (at micro level) according to theoretical model of this study. Finally, practical suggestions in the field of balanced development strategies of regions and the control of smuggling are presented according to the research findings