ahmad aftab

The continuous and active presence of disciplinary centers has an important role in ensuring security and peace in cities.Therefore the fair and efficient distribution of law enforcement centers in urban areas is an important factor in meeting this basic need.Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the service of police stations on vulnerable areas of Urmia.The descriptive-analytical research method used in this study is applied.The results of the study show that the vulnerability zoning of the city of Urmia is in four categories from very high to very low. About 68 km2 of the whole area of the city is known to be highly vulnerable.Most of the northern (informal settlements of Region 2) and central (old districts of four region) settlements of Urmia are the most vulnerable areas due to the high density of population and housing,with most of the politically sensitive, commercial and administrative offices in these areas.The results of the network analysis based on standard time (12 minutes) indicate that the 28.9% (24 km2) of the Urmia Vulnerable Areas was not covered by the police stations.Within 12 minutes the police stations of Urmia city have quick access to 55 km2 of about 75 km2 area with high vulnerability and about 20 km2 of this area also without timely access. In terms of the police stations access to low vulnerability areas,the results also show that from about 15 km2 of these areas to 3 km2 have quick access, indicates that there is no quick access to these 12 km2

Current problems of urban planning, the lack of detailed knowledge about the future of cities and issues; If today is the result of foresight in the past; After numerous bugs in the way of planning and urban planners in the past for the future of our understanding of the time there. This show that the futurology as an interdisciplinary science of urban planning necessary to develop a special place that marks the future prospects of urban planning and Scenario can be a powerful tool among the methods futurology by understanding the driving forces and uncertainties, in the form of multiple stories of the future, helping to clarify the future ambiguous space for planning and decision making. This paper is in the field of interdisciplinary with the fundamental approach has Analytical-descriptive and Tries with library studies and documents review the futurology studies paradigms in the levels of ontology, epistemology and methodology. Then, to clarify the concepts and structures of thought in the field, Analyze the Tools and methods of Futurology and scenario And by providing A model combination of Futurology methods In order to create harmony between the various methods, Provide Possibility of using target them In various research position for researchers.

Regarding that the spatial planning is the states’ most important mechanism to manage the space, this phenomenon is one of the states’ tool to create peace. The current research is intended to find answer to these questions using future studies methods what are the most important future wheels and also the possible scenarios in establishment of perpetual peace in Iran? And what strategies can be codified to establish perpetual peace in Iran with spatial planning approach? The research findings shows that spatial planning can be effective in establishment of peaceful life situation in Iran using the main 12-factors. If scenarios 3 and 5 which are the most possible scenarios are happened, Iran will be faced with more social injustice, environmental challenges and economic crisis threatening perpetual peace. So, regarding the most possible scenarios some strategies are suggested with emphasis on key divers of peace establishment with spatial planning approach.

The present study aims at identifying geopolitical components affecting the spatial planning of border regions in the East Azarbaijan province. The research is an applied research that has been carried out using statistical tests, path analysis and Promethean decision making model. The results of the research showed that social variables with r = 0.811, r = 0.662, political, r = 0.851, ranked first to third. The results of path analysis also showed that political components with 0.96, social and cultural components with 0.93 and economic components with 0.36, have a direct effect on the realization of eastern Azarbaijan province boundaries. Finally, the results of the Prometheus model showed that Sardasht, Maku, Oshnaviyeh, Piranshahr, Orumiyeh, Salmas, Khoy, Siah Cheshmeh and Sardasht, respectively, are in the first to the nineteenth priorities. Therefore, according to the findings of the research, it is suggested that security and security measures are implemented with economic, political, and socio-cultural approaches.

Social participation is a prerequisite for development and without the participation of farmers, development will face problems. The importance and necessity of community participation is to the point that development without participation of stakeholders would not be sustainable. Considering the importance and necessity of participation, and in particular the importance of social participation in development projects, this study tries to evaluate and prioritize the most important factors reducing social participation in rural development activities in North Banajoye Rural district, Bonab. The research method is descriptive-analytic and the data required are collected by the questionnaire and field findings. The results are extracted using group AHP models to assess and prioritize the most important factors reducing social participation in the area. The results showed that among the factors social (0.058), educational (0.028), rural institutions (0.019), government agencies (0.016), economic (0.015) and legal (0.011) factors decrease in social participation, respectively. According to the results and using SWOT model and with more emphasis on social factors, different strategies and solutions are codified to overcome these barriers.

The research method is descriptive-analytical and for weighting the indicators, the hierarchical model of AHP and for evaluating and ranking the resilience of each of the urban areas of Tabriz, decision-making techniques of TOPSIS and VIKOR have been used. In this study, five physical parameters including materials or skeleton of the building, the quality of housing, antiquity of buildings, facades of houses and the number of floors are studied. The analysis of the results shows that Tabriz is in a median desirable status in terms of physical indicators. In terms of the five optional index, the indexes of materials have the lowest desirability, and the quality of buildings, the antiquity, the façade of buildings and the number of the floors respectively are the next indexes. Also the index of the floors of the building is above the median (0.500) and the four other indexes are less than the median. Also, in terms of the indicators of materials, quality, the antiquity of buildings and facades, district 1 is in the most desirable status and in terms of the indicators of materials, district 2 is the most-undesirable status and in terms of the indicators of the quality of houses, the antiquity of buildings and the facades, district 5 is in the most-undesirable status. Also in terms of the material indexes, district 8 is in the most desirable status and district 6 is in the most-undesirable status. Finally, according to the results of VIKOR, district 3 is the most resilient against hazards and district 2 is in the lowest level of resilience.

Police stations and police stations serve as law enforcement counterparts, an important element of crime prevention, which is directly involved in securing citizens. Prompt and timely access to these centers is important in urban communities. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the spatial distribution of shanties in Urmia using GIS software (Spatial Statistics Models (Nearest Neighborhood, Geographic Weight Regression and Moran Index)). The type of research is applied and its method is descriptive-analytical and correlation. The results of applying the nearest neighbor model show that the spatial distribution of tourism elements in the city of Urmia with a z-score of 4.53 has a completely dispersed pattern.But you can still get the right accommodation by referring to agents in recreational and international spaces, as you can find yourself at the 0.14 space site with a 1.18 z-score. 1 to provide you with consulting services and anonymity in Urmia. The geographical weight regression model also shows a dispersed pattern and a weak cluster. However, in the city of Urmia you can be assigned several times and by allowing these centers to provide urban security, resolving these proposed recommendations to get your organization back into parliament again. Has set.</span></span>

Paying attention to the approach of spatial equity in distribiution of land use in any community, and the way in wich the citizens take advantage from it, represents the social, economic and environmental development. The necessity of paying attention to spatial equity in distribiution of land use in touristic villages in comparison with Nontouristic areas is of great importance, because these areas have a great potential for comprehensive development and especially the development of rural areas. This factor has doubled the necessity of paying attention to spatial equity in these villages. Actually, the use of land and space as a public resource and public wealth is crucial in tourist villages which should be based on scientific principles of land use planning. East Azarbaijan provience due to climatic and cultural diversity and also because of it's historical background is compromised of a numerous touristic villages. Despite all these features, due to mismanagement and lack of optimal allocation of resources and services, they are exposed to a numerous problems such as lack of service centers, lack of green spaces and lack of compatibility of land use with the wishes and needs of tourists. Considering the importance and sensitivity of spatial equity in touristic villages, this research seeks to answer the following basic questions:- To what extent the spatial equity is considered in spatial distribiution of land use in touristic villages of East Azerbaijan province?- How is the correlation between geographic conditions and spatial equity in touristic villages of East Azerbaijan province?- How is the prioritization of touristic villages of the province in terms of spatial equity?- What are the suggested guidelines for the optimal distribiution of land use and achieving spatial equity?

This is a descriptive-analytic research. Data collection was done in documental and survey methods. Review and selection of reseach variables, theoretical framework and research backgrounds is done using documental method. 42 variables of residentail, cultural-religious, communicational, educational, hygience, physical, structural-institutional and service dimensions are investigated in this research. In surveys, the data related to land use of touristic villages of the province was collected and extracted via in person visits of the Islamic Revolution Housing Foundation and the Cultural Heritage Organization of the provience and the city, as well as Iran's statistics center. Also in order to determine the weight of functions, the Delphi technique is used. Then the list of functions was given to 30 of urban planners (including academics and experts of Housing Foundation and the Cultural Heritage Organization) and after analyzing the comments, the weight of functions were extracted. The study population of this research is 48 touristic villages of East Azerbaijan provience, which are tourism target villages and best touristic villages according to the rules and regulations of the Islamic Revolution Housing Foundation and Cultural Heritage organization. To perform analysis, after calculating the gap between current and ideal situation, Vikor model was used. As well as to evaluate the difference between different functions, the one way ANOVA analysis test and Duncan's post hoc test are used and cluster analysis test is used for grading and finally the multivariate regression test is used to explain the changes of this index.

According to the results of Vikor model, the biggest gap with the amount of 0.829 is for 8 of variables related to the touristic services functions. Also residential indexies with the amount of 0.162 are in the best situation in regard of spacial justice.The highest amount of frequency is about the suitable situation with the amount of 45.5%. Also the results of statistical tests shows that there is a correlation between population, beneficary index, fullfilment of guide plans and the typology of village with the amount of spacial justice in touristic villages.The results of Vikor test showed that the lowest gap of spatial equity is related to the villages of Ina Lu (0.150), Savar (0.276) and Darband (0.293) in residential and street network functions. In addition, the largest gap is related to the villages of Kandovan (0.475), Bezujiq (0.463), Lighavan (0.415) and Oshtabin (0.412). According to the results of cluster analysis 19.6% of the villages in terms of spatial equity are in very low level, 16.4% are in low level, 17. 2% are in intermediate level and only 45.5% are in high level and 1.3% are in very high level. The results of correlation analysis showed that only the variables of the civil projects in form of rural guide plans, possessing index and type of village have a significant correlation with the dependent variable.

Due to the need for spatial equity in distribiution of land use in touristic villages, this research aimed to analyze the spatial equity in land use in touristic villages of East Azerbaijan provience. The results showed that only 3% of villages are in good and very good condition in terms of spatial equity. Therefore, based on the results of the research proposals presented as follows:- The need to understand the demands and needs of villagers and tourists before creating functions and also the number of tourists entering the village and also their economic and social characteristics.
- Paying more attention to rural green spaces, rural passways, parks and open sport spaces.- The need for serious attention to the completion of rural guide plans in villages without this plans and also paying attention to the environmental variables in rural land use.- Adopting comprehensive and integrated approach in the management of land use in touristic villages.- Always integrated system approach land use management in tourist villages, officials and planners have been considered to be able to rely on management strategies, Creating more gaps between different applications can be prevented

The spatial structure of the urban settlement system in a geographical domain requires a good foundation to achieve maximum productivity. By this way, the aim of the current research is to study the urban settlement planning of West Azerbaijan which is highly uncertain due to its geographical location, ethnic diversity and environmental issues. Economic freedom in the Maku Free Zone, the expansion of markets at 7 border areas of the province, the development of the Miandoab-Tehran communication network, the creation of a railway roundabout, the economic development of the Baneh region, policies to deal with ever decreasing agricultural activities due to the water and environmental crisis, making decisions on creating special economic areas in Mahabad, Urmia, Salmas and Miandoab ...are regional and local trends that have caused uncertainty in the settlement pattern of the province and the human space flow, goods and services. In a nutshell, the study aims to identify settlement scenarios of the province and the framework for the deployment of services, infrastructures and flow of capital, goods and humans in the region for spatial planning. This is a type of applied research and, in essence, based on new scientific, analytical and investigative methods. The statistical population of the study is 30 professors, experts and specialists in the field of spatial planning. The data gathering method was used to examine the effective factors on the urban settlements system of the province, both in documentary (secondary data) and survey (primary data), for which questionnaire and interviews were used as a survey method. To analyze the data, a combination of Delphi methods, Cross-impact analysis, and Mick-Mac software were used. 45 variables were found to be the main and strategic ones affecting the planning of the urban settlement system of West Azerbaijan province that were analyzed via Mick-Mc software.Finally, 11 effective factors were identified with 33 statuses. Accordingly, the midway and the pessimistic assumptions in the best possible range were defined to be the worse. Given theoretical foundations of the proposed study, the spatial scenarios of the province in terms its geographic extent and severity, multiplicity of cities, location and regional potentials can be summarized as follows: 
First Scenario (Polar Scenario): By choosing this scenario, the future settlement system of the province will have following outcomes:- Deletion permissions to settlement perimeter will be too low due to high concentration and security reasons and high ethnic diversity in the province as well as its inappropriate form and shape.
- The polar scenario is an illustration of highly-concentrated settlement system in which responsibility for decisions, policies, management and their implementation will be simultaneously focused on the city of Urumia.
- Urumia is practically the center of commodity exchanges at the provincial level and will be a key link for each settlement in the city.
Second Scenario (Cluster Scenario): The obvious features of this scenario are as follows:- Although the centralization dominates the province, by coordinating and collaborating widely between settlements, reduces the focus on the province's space relative to the radical scenario. One of the main reasons for this decrease is the existence of large urban centers such as Khoy in the north, Urumia in the center, Miandoab in the south;
- In this scenario, a number of larger settlements compete with the center of Urumia, and play a central role for its surroundings.
- The headquarters of each cluster manages its communication.
Third Scenario (Archipelago Scenario): In general, the typical features of this scenario in West Azerbaijan province are as follows:- The lack of extensive cooperation between settlements, spatial dispersion of housing, as well as the developmental equality of settlements causing communications flows mainly carried out within limited areas (cities and regions).
- The scenario of the archipelago is an image of the West Azerbaijan province as an island facing local markets and urban areas
Fourth Scenario (Multi-center): The typical features of this scenario are as follows:- In a multi-centered scenario, focusing on the province's space is due to the development of some settlements and the wide-ranging collaboration between them. However, due to inappropriate form and body and some restrictions in different areas, there is a relative dependence on clusters.
- In this scenario, the urban complexes of the province have changed from one central space to a multicentre urban complex. Due to high convergence between central settlements and their interaction with each other, macro policies are taken collaboratively by central settlements of main areas.
Fifth Scenario (Network): The typical features of this scenario are as follows:- This scenario presents a picture of a networked city complex (both in urban and rural settlement).
- Each settlement itself manages its connections with other settlements.
- In this scenario, no settlement is dependent on other settlements. Considering the current status of central and star structure of the urban system of West Azerbaijan province, the multi-centered urban network is suitable especially due to potentially powerful cities of Khoy, Mako, Miandoab and Mahabad, the northern- southern stretch of the province, geopolitical location after realizing the multi-centered model and providing an appropriate infrastructure and substrate. The transition from the multicenter model to the network will be provided. To reach the multi-centered urban network, which is the scenario of choice for the provincial urban system, the cluster and hierarchical stage of the city's network must be reached in early phases of the province's development. Once an appropriate infrastructure and substrate is provided, the multi-center urban scenario will be realized.

Abstract The design and evaluation of urban spaces, scientists are very attentive to Human basic needs. and all believe that, regardless of These needs, access to space and mobility will be limited considerably. They are influenced By the various factors and gender is one of the most sensitive subject About that issue. Thus, the aim of this study is to assess the gender perspective in the design of urban spaces with an emphasis on Urmia narges women’s park. The Research method based on the purpose is applied and according to the nature is Descriptive – analytical. Required information is obtained from two types of visual and no imaging questionnaries. For evaluation and data processing methods of descriptive and inferential statistics were used in the form of SPSS software. The obtained results show that only housewives and religious women tend to use women’s park And the third category of women including working women population and women's fourth category of women who have feminist attitudes and trends, do not want to use of these parks’ type. such a situation about the feeling of safety and security for women applies of the women’s park. Therefore, And regard to the traditional limitations, the project of women’s park is desirable for women’s free use of public Spaces in short term. However, Can’t help the distribution of urban areas in long term fairly. the results of the questionnaire image represents the only significant difference between housewives with men and the other women's groups of the study for choosing elements of the park; then, there is no significant of gender in the choose the elements of parks and it is expected that the park elements is according to the needs of housewives (most visitors to the park Women) And is better that to be paid to present practical solutions for the design and locating the elements to better of the women’s park.

Rural tourism is one of the concepts and forms of sustainable rural development, In which the available resources are used in rural areas; but geogrophical inslation and deprivation has been caused that great potentials of these regions- including noticable part of land areas in many countries-remain stagnant and don’t help tostrengthen the social and economic foundations of local communities. The aim of this research is identifying and prioritization of infrastructures of tourism in villages with tourism potentials of East Azarbaijan Province, survaying the role of investment in developing of Rural areas andranking of these villages from viewpoint of infrastructures investment priorities. There for this research is fundamental with the approach of “descriptive- analysis”. The population in this study villages in East Azerbaijan province's tourism attractions of which 48 villages were randomly selected. The results of the research findings loaded 71 variablesusing “factor analysis” in the mold of 8 factors. The results of the implementation VIKOR in terms of ranking the variables in terms of investment necessary to show that the greatest need for investment in facilities and service variables. Also the research showed that investment in infrastructures has led to increasing tourists in rural area.The results of VIKOR model in ranking the villages from view point of investment priorities showed that in spite of lack of facilities and tourism infrastructures in southern villages of the province campared with northern ones, more tourisms enter to southern villages than northerns. So to take advantage of the benefits of tourism development in these areas, planners should pay special attention to investment in infrastructure needed to fit the needs of tourists and local people as well

 Nowadays due to the variety of hazards and inappropriate location of some villages, the necessity of their displacement and resettlement is sometimes unavoidable. In order to resettle the villages, they should consider a wide range of social, economic, environmental and political issues so that resettled villages can survive. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of resettlement on the quality of life of the earthquake-stricken villages and explain the factors affecting it in the resettled villages of Varzaghan County.  The research methodology is descriptive and analytical and the required data were collected using the questionnaire instrument. The study population was 7975 people living in 11 resettled villages in Varzeghan County. The sample size was 382 people who were randomly selected. The validity of questionnaire was confirmed by experts and its reliability was also obtained 0.921 using Cronbach Formula.  Results indicate that the quality of life of villages in Likert six-point scale was equal to 3.47, and the highest and lowest levels of satisfaction are related to the areas of infrastructure, employment and income. In addition, the results of the factorial analysis were identified in four dimensions for quality of life. In this regard, the four factors of physical, economy, psychology, and housing clearly explain the 90.95% of the variance of quality of life. The results of T, Tukey, and Scheffe tests also showed a significant difference between the resettlement patterns and the quadruple dimensions of quality of life. With respect to the importance of quality of life in the development and welfare of human societies in resettlement projects, it is necessary to considerate the effects and consequences concerning the quality of life in addition to selecting the optimal rural site in order to improve the residents’ wellbeing while identifying the strengths and weaknesses of these projects.

Given that the natural environment has limited ecological power for human use, therefore, Land Capacity Assessment provides a suitable platform for proper environmental and land use planning. Therefore, this study tries to identify the status of different users in the current situation and the amount of its allocation to various activities in the county of Khoy and to assess its appropriateness or disproportion. In this research, a descriptive-analytical method has been written based on land ability evaluating, the steps were taken in this way: 1-Recognition the current status of the land and its per capita amount, 2-ability evaluating of the regions and the identification of high ground potential in the GIS environment, by expert survey method and hierarchical analysis, 3-identification of ecological and legal constraints based on the creation of privacy legal standards, 4-extraction of the final information obtained in the form of a map and its quantitative and qualitative analysis. The results of the research indicate that in Khoy County, apart from residential applications, in other uses there is a shortage of space required. In addition, few levels of land in Khoy have high power for different uses. as such, 470.43 square kilometers and only 26 percent of the land has high capacity for various activities. There are also 90 villages of 279 villages located in the County, as well as 3 cities of Khoy, Iveoghli and Firooraq of this County are expansion to restrictions, which must be properly managed to prevent land degradation around them and change it.

The planning of border areas in West Azarbaijan province has a special position in the country's development system due to its long borders and the location of more than 858 km of the province on the international borders with neighboring countries. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to achieve security-defense strategies in West Azerbaijan province with the approach of spatial planning. The research methodology is based on a futuristic research approach and uses techniques such as Delphi method, cross-impact analysis, MicMac software, scenario-wizard and SWOT analytical model to analyze the findings. The results show that there are 16 key factors which play a key role in the security development of the province, and 48 possible future statuses was considered for them. Then, with expert comments and based on the analyzes of the Scenario Wizard software, 17 believable scenarios and 5 strong scenarios were extracted. The results show that 39.58% of these scenarios are desirable and 38.88% of the nine-sided scenarios show critical situations, the probability of realization of static conditions is about 21.52%. This suggests that in the defense and security strategies of the border regions of West Azerbaijan province, the probability of occurrence of static conditions is low, but the probability of occurrence of two favorable and critical conditions with a small percentage difference is higher. Finally, based on the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats presented for each of the strong scenarios and using the SWOT model, security strategies for the province were developed.

Many of the problems that occur in the national security area should be sought at the border. Because undoubtedly, there is no element more important than the element of security and providing peace and calm in the society, for the progress, development and unilateral evolution, as well as the flourishing of talents, and social development. Creativity and valuable activity are not possible without security. The negative effects of border areas’ insecurity in the villages are more than cities. Because, rural areas are more vulnerable due to the developmental gap between villages and cities. Due to the vulnerability of the border villages, it is necessary to ensure the security of the villages through passive defense measures.
West Azerbaijan Province with 980 km of common land border with Iraq, Turkey and the Republic of Azerbaijan and possessing ethnic cultural diversities has not been an exception to this rule. The conditions of the eight years of the imposed war, the crises of the neighboring countries of Iraq, Azerbaijan and ethnic conflicts in Turkey have caused insecurity in the geographical boundaries of the West Azerbaijani province. In this regard, the present research investigates the spatial structure and assessment of the vulnerability of rural settlements in the border regions of Iran and Turkey with an emphasis on passive defense approach.
The study area includes parts of West Azerbaijan province which is bordered by Turkey and includes the cities of Maku, Chaldoran, Khoy, Salmas and Urmia, and 1259 villages with a population of 568843. The main method of this research is descriptive-analytical. In order to carry out the spatial analysis of the rural settlements in the border regions of Iran and Turkey with regard to the passive defense approach, the eight major criteria (water resources, natural hazards, landforms, security considerations, climate, demographic considerations, access to facilities, land quality) were selected with 17 sub-criteria based on internal and external sources investigation. Then, using the network analysis process, the amount of importance coefficients of the criteria have been determined. In the next stage, the information layers were produced by the GIS in proportion to the indicators, and were integrated with regard to the capabilities of the GIS, and the extent of the vulnerability of settlements was extracted through the overlapping of the information layers.
Based on the results, security considerations with a score of 0.349 have the highest effect and significance. Meanwhile, the index of the distance from the border has the highest role with the rate of 0.1021. Demographic considerations with a score of 0.232, and environmental hazards with a score of 0.150 stand next with respect to the importance. In the cluster of demographic considerations, population density with a score of 0.0231, and in the cluster of environmental hazards, the distance from the flood-prone areas with a score of 0.0078 have had the highest effect. Among the main criteria examined, the quality of land and water resources are the least important with the importance rate of 0.019 and 0.026, respectively. Based on the results obtained, 17.9% of the study area was found to be a highly vulnerable zone. 123 villages with 8.3% of the population of the study area are located in this zone. The zone with the high vulnerability covers 17.5% of the area. 243 villages with 18% of the population are located in this zone.
The overall results of this research showed that by adopting a passive defense approach, the natural and human threats of border rural areas could be reduced. In this regard, in this research, in order to analyze the spatial structure of rural settlements in the border regions of Iran and Turkey with a passive defense approach, eight major criteria were identified.
Security considerations with a score of 0.349 have the highest significance and impact on analyzing the rural settlements of the border areas of Iran and Turkey in terms of passive defense. Meanwhile, the index of the distance from the border with the rate of 0.1021 has the highest role with respect to the passive defense approach. In the next stage, demographic considerations with a score of 0.232 and environmental hazards with a score of 0.150 stand in terms of importance. Given these findings, the following solutions are proposed:• Identifying and eliminating the damages caused by the proximity of villages to the border point and the observation of the transboundary threats.
• Creating job diversification among the border villages to reduce rural dependency on land.
• Promoting the role and functions of border cities, including mid-range cities, in comprehensive rural development.
• Encouraging people to stay in villages through investing in rural infrastructure.
• Enhancement of the presence of military and law enforcement forces at the border level.

In recent decades achieve growth and sustainable development, one of the main issues countries, especially developing countries. In order to compensate for the backwardness of developing countries, Freedom from poverty, political, economic, Cultural, etc., to achieve comprehensive development and moderate that can lead to improving the lives of all people, In recognition of the potential, the powers and limitations are needed in all areas and regions. In this context, the industrial sector is the most important factor the impact and the large concentration of population and various activities. And thus accelerating the process of growth and development. This study uses 22 indicators of the industry and mining sector to measure the spatial distribution of industrial components Ardabil province in terms of levels of development Using techniques are integrated. The research method is analytical. Documentary and field research data is collected. To analyze the data first Topsis models, electric and used Sauer Finally, the technique has been used to integrate Copeland. The results show that the terms of the index of industrial townships there is a significant difference. Copeland shows the results of compilation techniquesThe Counties of Ardebil, Meshkinshahr and Khalkhal as Counties developed and enjoyed, County Namin, Parsabad Kosar and a relatively developed cities Nir, Germy and Bilesuar Ardabil province are among the poorest.In recent decades achieve growth and sustainable development, one of the main issues countries, especially developing countries. In order to compensate for the backwardness of developing countries, Freedom from poverty, political, economic, Cultural, etc., to achieve comprehensive development and moderate that can lead to improving the lives of all people, In recognition of the potential, the powers and limitations are needed in all areas and regions

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of tourism development in the promotion of social welfare in rural East Azerbaijan province.
Design/methodology/approach: The research paper is based on analytical-explanatory technique; it was carried out through a survey. The research population comprises the residents of the tourist villages. Five hundred (500) participants were selected as the sample size based on Cochran formula. Experts confirmed the face validity of the questionnaire. They performed a pilot study on 60 questionnaires within the same region. The applied questionnaire was 0.885 to 0.894 reliable based on the obtained data using Cronbach alpha.
Finding: Spearman’s correlation test revealed that all research variables were positively and significantly related to tourism except sense of safety and security as well as improvement of consumption patterns. In addition, results of Mann-Whitney test showed that tourism and social welfare were more associated with tourist villages of East Azerbaijan than that of other non-tourist villages. In addition, the results of regression analysis revealed that 9 variables out of 11 obtained 89% of the variations. Accordingly, the variables of quality of life, occupation, and future expectancy have been more effective.
Research limitations/implications: The recommendations in this research paper can be used in different areas of tourism management and development of villages in this region.

Urban development based on the principles of sustainable development has been one of the main concepts of urbanization in the last decade. The term sustainable urban development means providing the necessary grounds for the balanced and efficient utilization of urban resources so that all citizens can benefit from urban economic, social and environmental infrastructure in accordance with their needs. The aim of this research is to investigate the sustainability status in Tabriz metropolis. This is a descriptive-analytic research. The statistical population of this research is the inhabitants of all ten regions of Tabriz, and 500 individuals over 15 years old are selected as sample size using simple random sampling by the classified method. The validity of the questionnaire was verified by experts and the reliability of the different parts of the questionnaire obtained the score of 0.876 to 0.881 using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Fuzzy TOPSIS Method is used to evaluate the variables in order to assess the sustainability, the model of barometer sustainability is used. Also to infer and testability of data the statistical tests such as Anova test, T test and Tukey and Scheffe tests are used. Drawing of maps related to the stability of Tabriz urban areas has been done using GIS software. According to the results, region 8 is the most sustainable region and region 3 is the most unstable region. Also, all 10 regions of Tabriz with sustainability value of 0.591 are in medium sustainability status. The status of the regions in terms of human welfare and ecosystem well-being was also equal to 0.548 and 0.515 respectively. The results of T and Anova tests also showed that according to the sustainability barometric results, physical, social, economic and environmental dimensions are of the most importance respectively. Tukey and Scheffe tests also demonstrated the stability gap between different dimensions of sustainability. Finally, according to the findings of the research and taking into account the situation of the tens of ten regions of Tabriz, practical suggestions are presented in accordance with different dimensions of sustainable urban development.

the purpose of this study, identifying and analyzing the key factors affecting the planning of a creative city with emphasis on Urmia city. Applied research type and in terms of nature, based on new methods, futures studies are analytic and exploratory. The statistical population of this study is 30 professors and experts in the field of urban planning. Data gathering method to explore the components of the creative city (the 10 main criteria are: scale, creative industries, creative class, creativity infrastructure, efficiency and effectiveness, vitality, communication technology, social diversity, social capital, quality of life with 16 sub-criteria and 106 indicators which has been selected based on a thorough review of external and internal resources) in both forms of documentation (secondary data) and survey (initial data) and the tools used in the survey method were questionnaires and interviews. To analyze the data, a combination of expert panel methods, cross-Impact analysis and Mick Mac software have been used. The results of the research and the distribution and dispensation of variables on the dispersion page indicate the system's instability. Based on the results of McMean software, 15 factors, given the fact that they had the most direct and indirect effects, they were selected as key factors. Of the 15 selected key factors, six factors are related to the creative class and three factors related to creativity infrastructure, which has the greatest impact on Urumia's pursuit of creative city realization.

The purpose of the paper is to investigate the role of good urban governance in increasing the resilience of informal settlements. This is a casual and correlational descriptive applied research, which uses an analytical approach. Research population of the study are residents of informal settlements of Tabriz metropolis. Using simple sampling method and Cochran formula, the sample size obtained 400 people. To analyze the data, the spearman correlation coefficient and multiple regression (stepwise) tests have been used. Validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by academics and urban professionals. Using Cronbach Alpha special formula, the reliability of questionnaire obtained 0.92 for good governance and 0.91 for urban resilience. Research findings show's that except the variables of rule of the law and justice and fairness, the remaining variables of good urban governance have a significant relationship with the dependent variable. Also the results of multiple regression test revealed that the variable of responsibility has the power of predicting resilience more than other variables, and the variables of transparency, participation, responsiveness, consensus building, efficiency and effectiveness respectively are the next. These six variables have the ability of predicting 89% of resilience changes of informal settlements. Finally, practical recommendations about the role of each of the aspects of governance on increasing the resilience is provided.

Industrial tourism is a very suitable and economically profitable industry that has been highly regarded today by creating cultural and social exchanges between different nations due to the lack of environmental contaminations. Natural attractions of each country have an important role in attracting tourists. Geotourism is a branch of ecotourism in which the visitor seeks to observe geomorphological attractions, ancient finds of anthropology, caves, mineral charm, and so on. Zarivar Lake in Kurdistan province is one of the most beautiful places in the province which has natural and attractive attractions along with the historical and cultural attractions of the province, which can attract attention of every tourist. In this regard, assessing the capabilities and potentials of tectonic and cultural tourism of the Zarivar Lake is the aim of this study. The method of the research is descriptive-analytical approach. Data have been obtained from documents and field research (questionnaires). For data analysis, Reynard and Pereira models have been used. Based on the Pereira model, Cutie geomorphologic region (3.71) has acquired approximately 67.5% of the standard model and index visibility (score 3.25), the value of protection (1.8 points) and the functional (4.9 points), respectively, which are 72, 61.8 and 70 percent of the standard model, respectively. Based on the Rynard model, the following criteria of scientific value of sustainability level with a score of 404/0 and long-standing geography with a score of 0.62, respectively, were evaluated with a moderate and good quality level, respectively. The following criteria were evaluated for the ecological (average), cultural (good), aesthetic (good) and economic (good) sub-criteria.

The aim of this research is planning and formulating solutions for the realization of creative cities in Iran with emphasis on Urmia city. This is an analytical-descriptive, correlation research and for data analysis the model of network analysis, TOPSIS and for the relationship between the variables inferential statistics tests such as correlation coefficient, multivariable regression and path analysis were used. Statistical population consists of the five regions in Urmia and the factors of the study include 10 main criteria with 16 sub-criteria that were selected based on a thorough examination of external and internal sources. The results of the ANP model show that the criteria of creativity infrastructure and creative class were of the highest importance with a score of 0.39 and 0.094 respectively, and criteria of urban scale and social diversity were of the lowest importance with a score of 0.122 and 0.023 respectively in moving the city of Urmia toward being a creative city. Examining the status of the indicators of creativity and how they are distributed and ranked shows that region one with the TOPSIS 0.9781 is in the first place and region two with the TOPSIS 0.0097 had the last rank regarding level of creativity between the regions of Urmia. The results show that there is a positive and significant correlation between 10 variables and urban creativity in the five regions of Urmia. Meanwhile, region one has the highest correlation with 0.496, and the above ten variables are capable of explaining 37.8% of variance variations (The situation of urban creativity in the Urmia). The results of the path analysis are that criteria for creativity infrastructure and creative class with the rate of 0.501 and 0.490 have the most impact on the realization of the Urumia creative city. As a result, solutions such as development of elite recruitment centers, maintaining creative class, using Urumia’s social diversity, investing and developing technology infrastructures have the greatest impact for the city of Urmia on the path to becoming a creative city.

New models of development set to base on tourism development and utilization variety of place - Space; therefore, identify the capacity and capabilities of different geographical areas is in the center of development planning for fundraising and investment. In this context, the aim of this study that evaluated investigate the feasibility of investment in the tourism sector with emphasis on Western Azerbaijan province. The research method was descriptive - analytical approach to space. Data collection has been the source documents. Expert choice and GIS software for data analysis has been used. The results show that the total of tourism areas, about 12.45 of percent is a range national and international investment and 18.68 percent has with a range of national and local investment. Also, about 17.45 percent of the tourism sector has a range of appropriate local investment. The expert's also effective factors in investment, tourism resources has different importance, (Theil index equal to 55/0) and field-that are contiguous with criteria such as city infrastructure and municipal services range have than other areas.

Shopping today is not only a place to buy and sell Pundits believe these centers have different functions in social, economic, political and cultural respectively. The goal is to identify factors affecting the vitality and sense of vitality in urban spaces and create a vibrant urban space with emphasis on the concept ((mall walking), respectively). The study has been descriptive analysis and the required information is obtained in the form of library and field. A sample is obtained using samples of 350 questionnaires were distributed among them. The content validity of the questionnaire was approved experts and experts and its reliability by using Cronbach formula 0.884 is obtained. After reviewing the concepts and theoretical sample study cases (the main street of city Urmia) in terms of density and diversity rich shopping centers, yet the psychological security is low, is to provide a solution Prdakhthshdh. As a result of the favorable indicators developed urban environment and in the end, according to these indicators, strategies to improve the environmental impact of shopping centers on foot in psychological security of citizens are provided.

Today, sustainable employment and security have become a major problem among the Third World countries, due to the inadequate use of resources and potential opportunities in countries as well as the lack of systematic planning. Therefore, it should be noted that some regions, due to their privileged position, have a great deal of potential to provide employment opportunities that can be referred to free-trade areas. Therefore, considering the importance of these areas, the present study aimed at analyzing the role of the Maku Free Trade Area in employment stability and rural security, so the type of research is applied and its method is descriptive-analytic. The statistical population of this study is 6214 people living in 6 neighboring villages of Maku Free Trade Zone, 420 of whom were selected using the Cochran formula, and the required data were distributed among them by distributing the questionnaire. It is achieved. The face validity of the questionnaire was obtained with the opinion of the professors of the university and the executive experts. The reliability coefficient of the questionnaire was also calculated using the Cronbach's alpha formula 0.91. The results of data analysis using statistical tests show that there is a strong positive correlation between free trade areas and the stability of employment and security in social, economic and political dimensions (0.001); this The issue is more evident in the villages near the free trade area of Maku towns than the distant villages. Therefore, paying attention to the role of these regions can solve a great deal of unemployment problems in these villages.