The nature of phenomenology with a focus on comparative analysis of a variety of phenomenological strategies

The difference between truth and our perceptions of what is called reality has long been of interest to great scientists and philosophers. Because man is a multidimensional, intelligent, and complex being, it is difficult to do research in the sciences related to him that we usually deal with in the humanities. Unfortunately, this difficulty has been overlooked by most researchers, and for this reason, the research style in the humanities and management, such as the experimental sciences and the basic sciences, is mostly done in a quantitative way, taking into account the constant laboratory conditions. However, in the age of speed and technology, due to the high speed of environmental changes, it is necessary to explain the position of human attitude and complex human mind towards the surrounding phenomena, with qualitative methods. This article focuses on the nature and philosophy of phenomenology, examines the types of phenomenological methods, and in particular examines the two types of descriptive phenomenology and interpretive phenomenology and its stages in a comparative way. In this article, by analyzing phenomenological thinking, phenomenological research strategy, its stages and practical methods, we came to the conclusion that the choice of the type and method of phenomenology depends on the researcher's attitude and perception of truth. And the freer this view is from stereotypes, the greater will be the essence of the truth of the phenomenon.