Closed-loop Supply Chain with Different Quality of Manufacturing and Remanufacturing Products and a Stochastic Return Rate by Game Theory Approach

Background & Objectives Obesity can create physical and mental disabilities in social interactions and communication skills. One of the factors affecting obesity is body image, i.e., mental representation of body size, shape and form. Body image comprises cognitive, emotional and behavioral components. Also, obesity may cause anxiety. Overeating is another psychological factor that can affect obese women. Cognitive–behavioral therapy is one of the treatment techniques that may positively affect the psychological status of obese women. Group cognitive–behavioral therapy is a type of psychotherapy that combines cognitive and learning theories with therapeutic techniques derived from cognitive therapy and group behavioral therapy. Another helpful therapy is mindfulness–based reduction stress therapy. It is one of the psychological approaches that may be effective in reducing psychological disorders in obese women. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of these two stress reductive approaches on improvinNowadays, due to environmental issues, government laws and economic interests, attention to product collection and reproduction has increased. In this thesis, a two-level closed loop supply chain is considered, which includes a manufacturer and a retailer, and the demand is met through manufactured and remanufactured products. The quality of second-hand products that are remanufactured is not as same as the quality of new products, it is random and follows the distribution. Also, the rate of return of goods is considered random and follows a uniform distribution. The manufacturer determines the wholesale price of the remanufactured and manufactured products in order to maximize their profit, and the retailer determines the retail price of the manufactured and remanufactured products and the length of the cycle in order to maximize the profit. The interaction between the retailer and the manufacturer has been modeled by using the game theory approach in the static and Stackelberg (either the leader manufacturer or the leader retailer) games. According to studies, the profit of the supply chain (the manufacturer and the retailer) in Stackelberg game is more than static game.