Basics and obstacles governing the criminal responsibility of legal entities in organized crime with a perspective on English law

Criminal liability is like the balance of the justice scale, which has crime on one end and punishment on the other end. But until the previous centuries, only one of the two categories, i.e. punishment, was paid attention to, and they punished him anyway, and they did not distinguish between the minor and the great, the insane and the sane, the malicious and the righteous. In other words, the punishment was subjective and the intentionality and inadvertence of the crime had no effect on the type of punishment. In addition, the punishments had a collective aspect, which means that in addition to the guilty person, family and clan members were also required to answer for the criminal acts of the guilty person. With the emergence of penal schools as a result of new ideas, more attention was paid to issues such as will and free will, reason and responsibility. The principle of individuality of crime and punishment replaced the principle of collective punishment and the subjectivity of punishment also found a subjective and objective role. , but recognizing the responsibility of a legal person has always been associated with problems, because the requirement for responsibility is the existence of reason, will and authority, which a legal person lacks. Therefore, it has examined and analyzed the principles governing the criminal liability of legal entities in organized crimes.