Personalist¬¬¬ Government and Coup d états in Contemporary Iran; Comparative study of 1299, 1332 & 1359 coup d états

In Weberian viewpoint personalist rule and its extreme version، sultanism، is a type of traditional authority which also according to the theorists of comparative politics and government of the 20th century، should be placed in the category of non-democratic regimes. These regimes are usually characterized by personalization of power، institutional weakness، political corruption، use of violence and coercive instruments and so on. In Iran، the first personalist government was Reza Shah’s absolutist state which was established as the result of 1299 coup d’état، after that، by relying on modern army، the foundation of a new dynasty was set up and the path was paved toward authoritarianism. Although this army tried to secure Pahlavi''s dynasty by 1332 and 1359 coup d’état but this key institution in Pahlavi''s presonalist state finally failed to rescue it from overthrow. The main purpose of this article is to answer this question and other similar ones. To do so، in comparative perspective and by using theoretical models of theorists like Janowitz، Huntington and especially A. S. Finer، we try to study three coup d’état in terms of leadership، ideology and the extent of soldier''s intervention in politics and also the role of foreign powers in establishing this trend.