Journal of Advances in Medical and Biomedical Research
Volume:24 Issue: 102, 2016

Delayed: :::::union:::::: and non::::::union:::::: account for the most common complications of fractures of extremities in human. There are several factors influencing normal process of bone: :::::union:::::: among which nutrition is of extreme importance. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of nandrolone, calcium-D and vitamin C on the process of healing of fractures. 139 male patients aged 18-50 years old with tibial and fibular shaft fractures treated surgically, were entered to this study and randomly assigned to 4 groups. Patients in group 1 received nandrolone decanoate, patients in group 2 received calcium carbonate plus vitamin D3, patients in groups 3 received vitamin C and group 4 as the control group did not receive any treatment. The groups were compared based on radiographic and clinical criteria for fracture: :::::union::::::. SPSS version 22 was used for statistical analysis. Anova was corporated for comparing groups in terms of their age along with Chi Square and Binary Logistic tests which were used for comparing: :::::union:::::: in groups. In the first 3 months following the surgery, patients in nandrolone group developed significantly better: :::::union:::::: compared to the control group, whereas there was no significant difference in calcium-D and vitamin C groups. Nandrolone in the first 3 months after the surgery accelerates fracture: :::::union:::::: but calcium, vitamins D or C do not bring about any effect.

Metabolic syndrome comprises a collection of metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia and central obesity. Patients with this syndrome are highly predisposed for mortality due to cardiovascular disease. The importance of prompt diagnosis of metabolic syndrome threatening the population of physicians and their health which stand in a close relationship to the health of the entire society led us to evaluate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk factors among physicians of Zanjan city. This cross- sectional study included 321 physicians (182 men and 139 women). Prevalence of metabolic syndrome was evaluated based on ATPIII criteria. Moreover, prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors was evaluated and the collected data were analyzed using SPSS 11.5 software. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 18.7%. Hypertriglyceridemia and low-HDL were the most common components of metabolic syndrome in men and women, respectively. Also, low physical activity was the most common risk factor in both genders. This study enlightened that the risk of developing metabolic syndrome in male physicians exceeded females. In regard to the obtained results, provision of some facilities with a superior focus on the treatment of correctable disorders and inhibiting progression of the risk factors especially in male physicians is recommended.

As a result of globally increasing trend in infertility, taking advantage of reproductive technology to deal with this issue is recommended. Taking the well-founded claim about Vitamin E as a powerful antioxidant with a protective role in the body, this study was instigated to find the relationship between levels of vitamin E in Follicular fluid and morphology of oocyte along with embryo quality in IVF patients. This cross-sectional analytical study was carried out on oocytes and embryos obtained from 50 women with IVF admitted to Al Zahra Hospital of Rasht city. Patients underwent a similar ovulation stimulation protocol and then ten thousand units of hCG injected. After 36 hours, they underwent Follicle suction and mature oocytes were isolated for fertilization. Vitamin E level was measured and consequently the morphology of oocytes and the quality of embryo were evaluated by means of inverted optical microscopy. Of 50 treated IVF women, 583 oocytes and 275 embryos were examined. No significant relationship was observed between age, BMI, duration or cause of infertility and Vitamin E (P>0/05). At 0.5-1 mg/dl level of vitamin E, there were higher MII oocytes in comparison with other levels (p= 0.014). Despite the mean number of 2PN embryos at this level of vitamin E was more than other levels, this difference was not statistically significant (P=0.872). The results prove the evidence that at 0.5-1mg/dl level of Vitamin E, oocyte morphology and embryo quality were significantly improved.

Adhesion formation is the commonest complication of abdominal surgery. Bearing an anti-oxidant activity, Silybum marianum may reduce adhesion formation. This study was an endeavor to shed light on the effect of Silybum marianum on intra-abdominal adhesions. In this experimental study, 30 rats were randomly assigned to three groups: treated by 1% and 5% concentrations of the S. marianum extract (groups A and B) and distillated water (group C). After laparotomy, three longitudinal and transverse incisions (2 cm in length) were made on the right wall of the abdomen and a 2×2 piece was removed from peritoneal surface on the left side of the abdominal wall. In groups A, B and C, 3 mL of 1% and 5% of S. marianum extract or distillated water were administered into abdominal cavity of the rats, respectively. After 14 days, adhesion degrees were determined according to the number of adhesion bands (Canbaz scale). Data analysis was performed through SPSS 16 using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. There was a significant difference in adhesion formation among the groups (P=0.023). Adhesion degree in groups A and B were significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05). S. marianum extract supported a preventive effect on intra-abdominal adhesion in rats, which gives rise to the evidence that it may be similarly effective for human cases. Throughout further clinical studies, this plant and its derived compounds might be applied in the treatment of such complications subsequent to abdominal surgeries.

The MgO nanoparticles (MgO-NPs) are widely used in many fields such as catalysis, adsorption, electronics, ceramics and antibacterial. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of MgO-NPs on histopathological and biomarker changes of liver injuries (ALT, ALP, and AST) in pregnant NMRI mice. In this experimental study, thirty five female NMRI mice were randomly allocated to one control group and four experimental groups (n=7).The experimental mice received MgO-NPs at concentrations of 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg/kg intraperitoneally. Blood samples were taken from the inner corners of their eyes, serums were separated and then liver enzyme activities were analyzed. Subsequently, all animals were euthanized via cervical dislocation and tissue samples were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin for histopathological evaluation. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS software. Findings assert that different concentrations of MgO-NPs did not bring about any significant effect on liver and body weight. Activity of liver-associated serum enzymes at all concentrations of MgO NPs exhibited a significant increase (P<0.05) compared to the control group. In histopathological study, cell accumulation and cell division around sinusoidal ducts, destruction of hepatocytes, inflammatory cell infiltration and cell degeneration around the central vein were observed. The biochemical parameters and histopathological findings from liver indicated that exposure to MgO-NPs could induce different degrees of damage in a dose dependent manner.

Antioxidants along with other active biological effects of Green Tea and Zataria multiflora boiss deserve paramount consideration. This study was an attempt to evaluate the effects of Green Tea and Zataria multiflora boiss on passive avoidance learning and hippocampus neurogenesis in Wister male rats. Upon assigning the rats to three groups of control (intact), sham and experimental, the sham group received 1 cc of distilled water by infusion for 8 weeks, whereas the experimental group received 0.5 cc of green tea and 0.5 cc of Zataria multiflora boiss infusion, with concentration of 0.04 g/ml via oral gavage daily for 8 weeks. Subsequent to administration of behavioral test (Passive avoidance learning), density of neurons in the rats’ hippocampus was microscopically assessed and one-way ANOVA test was implemented for data analysis. Green tea and Zataria multiflora boiss significantly enhanced memory recall in animals. In the meantime, over histologic analysis, augmentation in the number of neurons in the hippocampus regions was observed. These findings verify the beneficial remedial effects of green tea and Zataria multiflora boiss on improvement of memory, neurogenesis of CA3 regions and dentate gyrus in rat hippocampus.

Throughout the history, medicinal plants have established their roles as therapeutic and remedial agents. Green tea contains polyphenolic compounds including flavonoids and catechins alleged to exert biological effects. Taking advantage of Green tea effects on male sex hormones, the study was an attempt to assess its effects on female sex hormones and gonadotropins in rats. In this experimental study, 15 female Wistar rats were allocated to 3 groups of 5. Two groups received green tea1.5% and 3.5%, respectively as the only source of drink whilst the control group received only tap water. Blood samples were taken at the end of the 28th day and serum concentration of LH, FSH, estrogen, and progesterone was measured. The results illustrated that serum LH and estrogen significantly decreased in groups receiving green tea compared to the control group (p<0.001, p<0.05, respectively). Serum FSH increased to a small extent, though not significantly. In the meantime, serum progesterone showed a significant increase in groups receiving green tea compared to the control group (p<0.001). Our study asserts that green tea decreases LH and estrogen and increases progesterone without any significant effect on FSH level.

Human flea is assumed as the most dominant ectoparasite associated with transmitting diseases via biting humans. Insecticides are widely employed to curb this vector. Assessment of susceptibility level of populations to various pesticides is necessary for taking appropriate control measures. Subsequent to collection of human flee from indoor areas of Khodabandeh and Mahneshan located in Zanjan province from August 2013 to November 2014, they were kept under standard laboratory conditions. The samples were exposed to inconsistent doses of Permethrin and Lambdacyhalothrin and consequently their mortality rates were assessed after 24 hours. Out of 1074 collected fleas, 88.1% were Pulex irritans, 7.2% Ctenocephalides cani and 4.7% C. felis. Bioassay[s1] results gave evidence to homogeneity of study population. LD50 values for permethrin and lambdacyhalothrin were 288.40 – 295.15 µg/ cm2 and 21.87 – 24.54 µg/cm2, respectively. High levels of LD50 values to pyrethroides of human flea in the studied area indicated the requirement of more attention of health workers to control the vector and Further[s2] research is necessary to assess the resistance status of human flea to alternative effective insecticides.

While it is proclaimed that computer games function as a new therapy method via regulating electroencephalographic (EEG) abnormalities by sustaining attention and organization in students suffering from attention deficit disorder, the current study was a further endeavor to verify this impression. In this queasy-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design, all elementary students with attention deficit disorder referred to the counseling centers of Gharchak city in 2014 were entered and through available sampling method, 30 of the students were selected and were randomly assigned to two groups of the control and experimental whose subjects received instruction on computer games for 12 sessions each 60 minutes in duration. Computer-based tests of CPT and Tower of London were the instruments employed for the measurement of attention sustaining and organization, respectively. Consequently, the collected data was fed to SPSS-19 software and analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MONCOVA) method. Mean and standard deviation of sustaining attention and organization ability prior to the intervention in the computer game group was 124/97±9/64 and 18/39±2/67, respectively, which extended to 143/66±11/70 and 27/51±3/24 subsequent to the intervention. In the meanwhile, computer games method significantly augmented sustaining attention and organization ability in students with attention deficit disorders (P<0/05). The results of this study advocate that the computer games can recuperate for students’ attention deficit disorders and increase their sustaining attention and organization ability.

Laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation can be achieved through both direct and video laryngoscopy. As video laryngoscopy complications still remain unknown among the elderly, this study was emerged to grasp the idea on the complications of two aforementioned methods among the elderly. In this clinical trial study, 60 patients over 65 years who had been scheduled for elective surgery were allocated to video or Macintosh laryngoscopy groups. Duration of laryngoscopy, tracheal tube insertion time, number of intubation attempts, heart rate, systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure prior to the induction of anesthesia were recorded for all patients one minute after the intubation and the results were compared. Average heart rate, diastolic blood pressure and arterial pressure before intubation were not significantly different in two groups. However, the mean systolic blood pressure between the two groups was significantly different (p=0.02). The mean difference in systolic (p=0.005) and diastolic (p=0.015) blood pressure, before and after the intubation was significantly higher in video laryngoscope group compared with Macintosh laryngoscope group. No significant difference was observed between two groups in terms of the heart rate and mean of arterial pressure before and after the intubation. The results illuminate that variations in hemodynamic status in patients over 65 years old in the video laryngoscope group exceeds Macintosh laryngoscope group.

Muscle weaknesse particularly in association with quadriceps muscle is known as a risk factor in the development and progression of knee osteoarthritis (KOA). The objective of this study was to compare quadriceps muscle strength (QMS) between asymptomatic controls and KOA patients and to elucidate its relationship with knee pain and radiographic changes. 77 patients with mean age of 53. 6 ± 9. 8 years and 75 asymptomatic controls with mean age of 55. 8 ±2. 8 (p=0. 06) and respective BMI of 28. 3±4. 7 and 25. 8 ±2. 7 kg/m2 comprised the study. Diagnosis of KOA was confirmed by the criteria of American College of Rheumatology. QMS was determined by dynamometry method radiographic changes were assessed through Kellgren-Lawrence method, and Knee pain was measured using WOMAC index. Statistical analysis was performed to compare QMS between two groups and to evaluate the relationship of QMS to knee pain and radiographic changes. QMS in both limbs of the experimental group was significantly lower than the control group. The magnitude of reduction in both limbs was significantly lower in men (30. 1%) than in women (31. 6%) (p=0. 002 and p=0. 001, for both limbs). There was no relationship between QMS and knee pain or radiographic changes. In knee osteoarthritis, quadriceps muscle strength is lower compared with healthy controls regardless of pain or radiographic changes.

High prevalence of parasitic infections can be the result of asymptomatic infections. A number of regular and ongoing epidemiological studies are prerequisites in order to control these infections. This study was carried out with elementary school students to achieve an overview of the spread of parasitic infections in Zanjan city, Iran. In this cross-sectional study, using random cluster sampling, 854 of 6-12 year-old students were selected from 10 primary schools in Zanjan by three methods of direct smear, formalin-ether concentration and Scotch tape. Overall, 139 students (16.3%) were found to be infected by intestinal parasites. The protozoa Entamoeba coli (4.56%), Chilimastix mesnili (4.33%), Blastocystis hominis (3.04%), Giardia lamblia (2.34%), Iodamoeba butschlii (1.87%), Enterobius vermicularis (1.52%), Endolimax nana (0.46%), Dientamoeba fragilis (0.23%), Hymenolepis nana (0.11%), Sarcocystis (0.11%) were the most common parasite types. There was a significant difference in parasite prevalence between age and parents’ education. However, no significant difference was found with gender, family income, and residence. The results indicated that the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in primary schools was in low level and in comparison with 1994’s study in Zanjan city it has significantly decreased. With regard to the prevalence of intestinal parasites in study areas, improvement of health awareness among students and parents especially in the field of personal health seems necessary.