Journal of Clinical Research in Paramedical Sciences
Volume:4 Issue: 4, 2016

Nurses are one of the main groups in patients recording. As the health care arena is changing rapidly in the development and utilization of electronic records, there is an opportunity to enhance the visibility of nurse practice through documentation in the Electronic Health Record (HER). This study was aimed at assessing the opportunities and challenges of nursing documentation in EHR from nurse's perspective.
This Applied-descriptive study was performed in 2012. Data collected using self-developed questionnaire was confirmed by experts (validity) and its reliability was measured using of Cronbach's alpha (%86). The sample was consisted of 150 nurses working at the 4 hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences that were selected by Quato sampling method. The data was analyzed by SPSS using descriptive statistics.
Nurses had a positive attitude towards all the opportunities in EHR documentation ( =3/95), the highest scores were related to opportunities "improvement in legal requirements for documentation" ( =4/18). Also they were agreed with all items related to the challenges of electronic documentation ( =4/02) and the most important challenges was the "risk of technical problems" ( =4/10).
Appropriate strategy must be identified to use the opportunities and overcome the challenges of electronic nursing documentation and be provided a successful implementation of a new information technology with appropriate design and integration technical, human and structural factors.

Patients with ischemic diseases (MI) experience severe anxiety in acute phase in the first 48 hours after hospitalization. This study was aimed to assess the effect of aromatherapy on the anxiety levels and vital signs of patients with ischemic heart diseases.
In this clinical trial, 80 patients with ischemic heart diseases were randomly divided into two experimental group (n=40) and control group (n=40). Patients in experiment group were asked to inhale two drops of lavender essential oil, whereas in control group, patients inhaled two drops of distilled water for 20 minutes. The patients’ anxiety level was measured by Spielberger questionnaire five times (one before and four after intervention). Furthermore, vital signs were recorded on a designed checklist during five times. The data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 22 software and using various descriptive and inferential statistic formulas.
The results indicated that there was no significant difference regarding the anxiety mean score of both experimental (50.40±10.015) and control groups (51.88±4.195) at the beginning of the study. After aromatherapy, the mean state anxiety scores were different in two groups as the level of state anxiety significantly decreased compared with that of control group (p Aromatherapy can decrease the anxiety level and vital signs of patients with ischemic heart diseases. Accordingly, this can be used as an alternative way to reduce anxiety which is safe, low risk and inexpensive.

Paclitaxel is a new chemotherapy medicine that is used for treating breast, ovarian, and lung cancers as well as AIDSrelated Kaposi's sarcoma. Due to the side effects of using this drug, the paclitaxel-loaded chitosan nanoparticles was synthesized and its cytotoxicity effects on breast cancer cell lines was examined.
The paclitaxel-loaded chitosan nanoparticles were synthesized by the gelation method, purified and isolated in a proper size by centrifugation. The nanoparticles’ size, percentage of loading and releasing time of the drug up to 24 hours and its cytotoxicity effects, compared with Paclitaxel; on breast cancer cell lines were investigated.
Particle sizes revealed to be 248-312 nm using the zetasizer system, the drug loading percentage showed 55±4 %, and the rate of drug releasing time for 24 h measured 5.5 %. On the average in concentration of 0.8 μg/mL the cytotoxicity of the paclitaxol-loaded chitosan nanoparticles was estimated 43% less than that of the taxol.
The results showed that the paclitaxol-loaded chitosan nanoparticles may be considered as a good alternative to taxol since it decreases the related side effects. However, it deserves further investigations in future.

Acute biliary pancreatitis is a common disease for the treatment of which antibiotics and antifungal drugs are used simultaneously. Therefore, this study was performed to examine the effects of (mortality and morbidity rates) fluconazole therapy as an antifungal drug in these patients.
This study was a random clinical trial. Participants were the hospitalized patients who were suffering from acute pancreatitis gallstones and referred to Imam Reza Kermanshah hospital. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups. In one group a conventional treatment (antibiotics) was received and in the other group conventional treatment regimens with fluconazole (200 mg orally on the first day and then 100 mg daily) was added.
87.2 % of the sample were female and 12.8 % were male. The average age of the group receiving fluconazole was 25/16 ± 97/53 and the average age in the control group was 43/16 ± 13/54. The mean duration of hospitalization in patients receiving fluconazole was 10.6 days and 13.6 days for the control group. In the group receiving fluconazole 6/2 % needed surgery and in the control group none. The average length of the stay in the intensive care unit in the control group was 1.28 and in the fluconazole group was 26.1 days.
As the results of this study showed , administration of oral fluconazole had no effects on mortality, need for surgery, cost, length of the stay in hospital and intensive care units .Therefore, because of the complications and costs of fluconazole, it is recommended that all patients with mild biliary pancreatitis should not being treated with fluconazole. This treating method can be used only for those with fungus in their upper digestive system secretions.

Sulfate is one of the major ions in natural waters and wastewaters. The presence of sulfite is important in terms of that is converted into sulfate and sulfide in environment. Because of the high solubility and stability of these ions and consequently their health problems, removal of them from aqueous solutions is a sophisticated issue. This study was conducted aiming to evaluating the impact of electro coagulation process in the removal of highly concentrated sulfate and sulfite ions from aqueous.
This experimental study was carried out on laboratory scale using a glass tank with the volume of 500 ml and 2 aluminum electrodes. Then, the synthesized samples containing concentrations of 500 and 1,000 and 1,500 ppm sulfate and sulfite were transferred to a reservoir and the removal of ions in the retention time intervals of ,30, 60 and 90 min and voltages of 10, 20 and 30 volts were examined.
The most sulfite removal rate was 80 percent and voltage 30 and retention time of 90 minutes with concentration of 1000 mg/l. And the most sulfate removal rate was 72 percent and voltage10 and retention time of 90 min with concentration of 1500 mg/l.
The results show that the electrocoagulation technology can also be used in high concentrations by adjusting the suitable retention time, initial concentration and voltage.

Nursing is a growing profession and the provision of adequate nursing services depends on the different roles playing in providing nursing cares. Therefore, the researcher was intended to investigate the viewpoints of nurses about their activities and roles in the training hospitals affiliated to Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences in 1389.
In this descriptive study the 106 participants were nurses from 5 training hospitals in Kermanshah who hold a B.Sc. or M.Sc. degree in Nursing and have a minimum of one year of clinical work. They were selected through quota sampling. The tools for data collection in this study was a questionnaire comprising 10 questions related to demographic characteristics and 41 questions related to the roles in the four areas of training, support, protection and coordination. For data analysis, computer software SPSS-16 and descriptive and inferential statistics (Fisher and chi square test) were employed.
The results showed the highest practices in training were related to patient education, in support, to physical, mental and social examination of the patient, and in protection, to the protection of patient’s physical and mental conditions, and finally, in coordination, to the necessary coordination with colleagues in connection with daily activities.
: For systematizing nurses’ tasks and hindering their personal problems, the first step is to determine the roles and their assigned duties and the next step is to schedule according to the working standards determined by National Nursing Organization.

During the eight-year Iraq-Iran war, a large number of war casualties were treated in academic hospitals in Ahvaz. The aim of this study was to survey the status of the maintenance of medical records of casualties of Iraq-Iran in academic hospitals in Ahvaz.
This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in five hospitals affiliated to Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences in 2015. As the instrument for data gathering a checklist consisting of seven sections and 13 items related to the state of the maintenance of medical records was used. Data were collected through visiting the hospitals and on-site review of medical records of war casualties. Next, the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics in Excel 2007 software.
There in the hospitals, medical records of war casualties were in the form of (patient) master index cards, admission booklets, outpatient and inpatient medical chart, Phonetics card, and registry referral books. In all hospitals medical records of war casualties were kept in a traditionally paper-based filing approach; only in one hospital documents imaging technique was used for keeping the medical records. Medical records were retrieved manually in three hospitals.
The results indicated that there were problems in maintaining, retrieval and physical security of the medical records of war casualties. Considering the significance of these documents, it is recommended that a comprehensive guideline for protecting these documents be issued by the relevant authoritative governmental institutions such as the Ministry of Health and the Foundation of Martyrs and Veterans Affairs.

In recent years, obesity has become s worldwide phenomenon, Alongside the increase in theprevalence of obesity in the world, overweight and obesity in children is undergoing a rise.The aim of this study was to assess obesity and its association with physical activity levels of 7-12 year-old femal students in Javanroud
A sample of 335 girls from 2316 elementary students were randomly selected. Height, weight, age, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and triceps and calf skinfold thickness were measured. To determine the level of physical activity, the Baecke questionnaire was used. For analyzing the data, Pierson correlation coefficient (P≤0.05) was used.
The findings showed that the prevalence of obesity and overweight were 4.77 and 7.76%, respectively. Also a negative moderate correlation between the overweight and physical activity level (r=-0.44, p=0.04) and significantly a negative high correlation between the obesity and physical activity level (r=0.73, p= 0.005) were revealed. Moreover, a significantly poor negative correlation between the WHR (r=-0.35) (p The present study showed significantly poor and moderate correlations between overweight, obesity, WHR and body fat percentage with physical activity levels. Therefore, it can be concluded that inactivity can be among the causes of overweight and obesity in children.

The infertility as a stressful happening is accompanied by a variety of psychological problems. The present study mainly aims to compare material intimacy and satisfaction in infertile and normal women.
This is a casual- comparative research which 50 infertile women and 50 fertile women were selected and compared in an available way and voluntarily, out of those referred to Kermanshah Imam Hossein Hospital in 2014. The information was collected through two questionnaires including enrich and material satisfaction.
The study findings indicated that material intimacy in fertile women is significantly higher than the women who are infertile for any reason, and also, the mean of the perceived material satisfaction in normal couples is significantly higher than the infertile couples. The present study had secondary findings as well, which indicated that there is a negative relationship between material intimacy and duration of marriage. In other words, since the time of marriage, whatever material life is spent, intimacy and warmth of the relationship is diminished
It can be concluded from the results of research that fertile and child is causing more warmth and intimacy, marriage, even though the damage is based on the results of this study routine and intimate relationship with time is reduced.

Neoplasmas are the second agent of mortality in children below 15 years of age. The aim of this study was to investigate head and neck tumor frequency in children aged 15 years or younger.
This descriptive- retrospective study was conducted on the pediatric’s pathologic records in Archive of Pathology Department, Kermanshah Pediatric Hospitals from 1382 to 1391. The records were rewied regarding gender, age, histopathologic diagnosis, and location of benign and malignant tumors. These datas were statistical analyzed by SPSS 20 software using descriptive statistics.
A total of 196 cases including 98 males and 98 females aged 17 months to 15 years with mean age 9.3±4.3 were evaluated. The subjects composed of 88.3% benign and 11.7% malignant tumors. The most frequent benign tumors were follicular hyperplasia (27.7%), epidermal cyst (12.1%), pyogenic granuloma (10.4%).Of 23 malignant tumors, papillary carcinoma were the most frequent (34.8%) followed by basal cell carcinoma (26.1%), lymphoma (26.1%); and squamous cell carcinoma (13%). The ratio of males to females was 1:1.06 for benign and 0.65:1 for malignant tumors. The age peak was 11-16 years for incidence of benign (39.3%) as well as malignant (65.2%) tumors. Neck was detected as most common location for occurrence of benign and malignant tumors.
Findings of this study suggest that in children aged up to 15 years, female gender is a predominance factor for occurrence of head and neck cancers; however, incidence of benign tumors is approximatelly similar in males and females.